The influence of China's economic rise on the world economy
China's peaceful rise is manifested in creating a good economic mechanism and environment, adjusting the interests of different social groups, mobilizing their labor enthusiasm and creativity, and promoting the continuous development of productive forces through building Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road, reform and opening up and establishing a socialist market economy. To the outside world, we should open to the outside world, boldly use foreign capital, advanced technology and management experience, and boldly absorb all the outstanding achievements of human civilization to enrich ourselves. Finally, China will be pushed to the world stage step by step by peaceful economic diplomacy mode!
First, the economic rise of China.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has maintained rapid growth. 1952 China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan, and it increased to 364.5 billion yuan in 1978. After the reform and opening up, it expanded rapidly, exceeding 30 trillion yuan in 2008, reaching 3006.7 billion yuan. 1from 1979 to 2007, China's economy developed at an average annual rate of about 10%, which became the focus of world attention. Since the beginning of the new century, China's economy has maintained a steady and rapid growth. From 2003 to 2007, the growth rate reached or exceeded 10% for five consecutive years. With the economic growth, people's living standards and quality have been significantly improved.
More intuitively, the amount of wealth created in one day in 2008 exceeded the total amount of 1952. Since the reform and opening up, the proportion of China's total economic output in the world has been increasing, reaching 6.4% in 2008, ranking behind the United States and Japan and becoming the third largest economy in the world.
At the same time, China's foreign trade has also made great progress, with the total import and export volume increasing from $620.8 billion in 2002 to1760.7 billion in 2006. Now, China has become a world trading power after the United States and Japan. In terms of foreign direct investment, China has become a hot spot of world investment. China began to attract foreign direct investment in the late 1970s, and by 2007, China had absorbed 789.3 billion US dollars of foreign investment. In 2002, the total amount of foreign investment absorbed by China surpassed that of the United States, becoming the country with the largest amount of foreign investment in the world, and China became a safe haven for Asian investors. No wonder more than 80% of Fortune 500 companies and 65,438+000 top information technology companies are doing business in China. In the same period, China's foreign exchange reserves also maintained rapid growth. In February 2006, China's foreign exchange reserves reached US$ 853.6 billion, surpassing Japan to become the largest foreign exchange reserve country in the world. By the end of 2006, China's foreign exchange reserves exceeded the trillion-dollar mark, reaching 10663 billion dollars, and in 2007, China's foreign exchange reserves reached 15282.49. It shows that China has economic strength that affects the world. China's rapid economic development really shocked the world, far surpassing the Japanese in history, and created the greatest miracle in the history of world economic development.
Second, analyze the reasons for China's economic rise.
1. High investment rate and high savings rate. A large amount of savings and productive investment are the keys to rapid and sustainable growth. For a modernization process with a population of 654.38+0.3 billion, investment will remain an important long-term growth driver. What needs to be changed is the efficiency of investment, rather than denying the important role of investment in China's economic growth. Comparing the investment growth of China, Japan and South Korea in the period of high economic growth, we can find that China has maintained a high investment from 1990 to 2006, and the proportion of investment in GDP started from 25% to 48%. According to statistics, the direct contribution of high investment to China's economic growth rate is 5.5 percentage points per year on average.
2. Strong and rich human capital. At present, the total number of R&D personnel in China is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world. In 2008, there were 202 1 1,000 students in colleges and universities, an increase of 1 1,935,000 compared with 1 1,978. From 1978 to 2008, the number of graduates was 352 1 10,000, and that of graduate students was 2 1 10,000. The great advantages of human resources will continue to exist for a long time to come, and will be qualitatively improved.
3. The improvement of productivity and the growth brought by human capital investment. Sustained economic growth can not be maintained only by capital investment, but more importantly, it comes from the technological progress made by knowledge growth. China's low-cost and high-quality labor resources are an important guarantee to maintain economic growth. The introduction of market mechanism and foreign advanced technology and management experience has greatly promoted the improvement of labor productivity and the rapid economic growth of China.
4. Infrastructure and basic industries are increasingly capable of supporting economic development. After 1990s, after the accumulation of early industrialization, infrastructure and basic industries entered the golden age of development, and gradually changed from a bottleneck restricting development to a propeller promoting development. For example, by the end of 2008, China has become the world's second largest energy producer and highway country, with the world's largest telephone network and the world's second largest Internet user, greatly optimizing the depth, breadth and potential of China's economic growth.
5. Continue the consistent economic policy. The theme of reform and opening up, from rural areas to cities, from coastal areas to inland areas, from economic fields to other fields, has experienced setbacks or mistakes, but the policies aimed at improving productivity and market efficiency are firm and profound. Strategically, the ethnic policies promoted by the three generations of central collective leadership are not only consistent, but also a continuous and perfect inheritance relationship. In particular, the policy shocks in the first 30 years highlighted the importance and value of policy continuity in the past 30 years. At the same time, it also attracted a lot of foreign direct investment. The major multinational companies in the world have business contacts in China, which has greatly promoted the sustained economic growth.
Third, the impact of China's economic rise on the world.
1. The rise of China's economy has provided a powerful impetus for the economic development of East Asia. Japan's long-term economic downturn has reduced imports from and direct investment in East Asia, which has also dealt a heavy blow to East Asia's economic development and post-crisis recovery. In the past 30 years, it is precisely because of China's rapid economic growth that it has promoted the development of intra-regional trade, ensured that East Asia as a whole has not lost its economic vitality and continued its economic development momentum. According to the statistics of the World Bank, the average contribution rate of China's economic growth to world economic growth has been 13% since its accession to the WTO, which is second only to that of the United States. The development of China has become an important supporting and pulling force for world economic development. Similarly, East Asian economies have also shared the practical benefits of China's rapid economic growth. The reason why Japan can get rid of the economic recession in 12 is not unrelated to expanding exports and investment in China;
China's economy is a sedative for the world economy. In the process of economic globalization, not only the world economy has an impact on China's economy, but also China's economy will play a positive role in the world economy. 1997 in the Asian financial crisis that broke out in the second half of the year. China's economy has shown its hidden role in the world economy. The Asian financial crisis has hit the economies of many Asian countries hard, and most of the achievements of economic development have vanished almost overnight, and economic panic has shrouded everyone's heart. At that time, if China's economy fails and the RMB depreciates together with other countries' currencies, the consequences of the financial crisis will be greatly deepened, which will inevitably have an extremely adverse impact on the Asian economy and even the world economy. It is precisely because of China's good economic situation that it has always supported the stability of RMB exchange rate, which has played a positive role in the rapid economic recovery in Asia and the stability of the world economy. Meanwhile, in recent years, China's sustained and steady economic growth has injected vitality into the depressed world economy. In the past 20 years, the average annual economic growth rate of China has reached 10%, which has contributed to the prosperity of the world economy. The high economic growth in China has increased the supply of a large number of cheap and high-quality products in the international market, enabling people in many countries to enjoy the benefits of China's economic growth.
In addition, the sustained and steady growth of China's economy provides an attractive investment place for world investment, and developed countries can benefit from their investment in China, so can the world economy.
Fourth, the reform of China's economic development.
China must deepen the reform of government management and enterprise property rights, establish a unified market, corporate governance structure, a healthy financial system, good government governance, reasonable redistribution and democratic mechanisms, and a benign relationship between the central and local governments, maintain political stability, and encourage scientific and technological development and innovation. Only in this way can China maintain its competitive advantage and development trend, become Asia's "North America" instead of Asia's "Latin America", and maintain China's economic status.
In a word, the rise of China's economy is inseparable from the competition between East Asia and the world economy. Reform and opening up, strong talent market and high investment have accelerated the rapid economic growth, provided good development opportunities for the country, and also influenced and contributed to the world economy. At the same time, China's sustained economic development has also provided new impetus and vitality for East Asian economic development and cooperation.