The Loire River originates from the central plateau of France, with a total length of 1024 km. In the Middle Ages, French nobles and royal families began to build castles in the middle reaches of the river in order to avoid years of war. During the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, the French king moved from Paris to the Loire Valley. Since the recent 1 century, the Loire Valley has become the political and cultural center of France and the seat of the court. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, King Francois I of France was deeply impressed by Italian Renaissance art and invited many talented Italian artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, to build his own art kingdom. France has since entered a brand-new Renaissance era. The Loire River was once a place for cultural entertainment and program activities, which exuded the fragrance of the European Renaissance. Its scenery has already appeared in the works of French writers rabelais and Balzac, and has become the poetic background of the literati salon. At present, there are more than 350 castles and 15 parks of different sizes and styles between the lush forests and endless vineyards on both sides of the strait. The beautiful scenery in this area has won the nickname "French Garden" and has been included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.
The Royal Castle of Amboise (the first French Royal Castle with Renaissance style in the Loire Valley) was built in 15 and 16 centuries. Since the Valois dynasty, the French king has lived here, and tens of thousands of dignitaries such as royalty, nobles, ministers, knights and artists have also settled around the king. Many important historical events affecting France and even Europe took place here. King Francois I (born in 1494, ascended the throne in 15 15, and died in 1547) is the patron of the castle reconstruction. As the heir of the Valois dynasty, he was born in Humbwa Castle and grew up. 15/kloc-When he led his troops to Italy in 0/5, the young king who was keen on art was completely impressed by the brilliant Renaissance art in Italy. Therefore, there are always many French writers around him, such as rabelais, Boueyre de Rosa, and Jo assim do Bell, among whom there are many famous Italian artists such as Raphael, Titian and Leonardo da Vinci. Francois I wanted to decorate his bedroom, the royal castle of Humbois, into an Italian palace through the hand of an artist.
This castle was originally just a mill, but it was rebuilt by French King Charles VIII. The architectural style of the castle was the prevailing Gothic style at that time. It was a great innovation of architectural art to use Katdara's decorative techniques and make full use of natural light. Charles VIII and his successor, Louis XII of France I of France, successively built two 40-meter-high towers for carriages to enter and leave the castle, which was one of the most advanced buildings in Europe at that time and has now become a classic in French cultural heritage.
Another castle famous for Leonardo da Vinci, the master of the Renaissance, is the Castle of Close. 15 16, 64-year-old leonardo da vinci came to Humbwa at the invitation of King Francois I of China, and received a gift from the king-Clorus Castle and a monthly salary of 700 gold crowns. Francois I asked him to imagine and create freely in Humbwa. In addition to painting, this artist often walks in the forest and travels around castles and towns, and his inspiration has followed his footsteps to the Loire River. Da Vinci spent most of his time teaching and writing, mainly involving astronomy, physics, architecture, medicine, military and civilian facilities and the design of palaces and castles. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci's ability to plan and organize the party was also found in the royal castle in Humbwa. 15 18, he planned and completed the wedding banquet of the parents of the future French queen, which was called "Paradise Festival" and won the praise of the king. Celestial objects were also displayed at the dinner. Leonardo da vinci and Francois I have forgotten each other, and the king even called the master of art his father. 1565438+On May 2, 2009, Leonardo da Vinci died in Humbois. According to his last wish, Leonardo da Vinci was buried in the royal castle in Humbwa. Today, his grave is placed in the Royal Chapel of Saint White in the castle.
As the heritage of French culture, there are many castles with different styles along the Loire River, but the most beautiful and legendary castle is undoubtedly Chenonsau Castle.
The main building of the castle is located on a bridge on the tributary of the Loire River. The green water is very romantic. Chernozzo Castle is a masterpiece of the French Renaissance. At the same time, because its owners are all famous ladies in French history, it has won the reputation of "women's castle". The most famous is Catherine de Medici, Queen of Henry II. Because there have been many touching love stories, it is still the castle that French girls like to visit most. The castle is gentle, elegant and noble. Its charming architecture, decoration and romantic French garden make it one of the most popular castles in the Loire Valley. Previously, the prototype of the castle was just a square building on the river bed of Schell, a tributary of the Loire River, next to the ancient waterwheel. Later, it was expanded with the support of French King Louis XII of France and Francois I.
Chinon Castle once became one of the important activity centers of several French dynasties, which was first inseparable from Catherine Bourigault Le. Catherine is the wife of Thomas Boyer, the finance minister of Normandy, and the daughter of Guillaume Bourigault Le, the finance minister. These people represent the highest level of financial management in the kingdom. Under the influence of Kettering, the castle was first included in the state-funded management. Because of her strong personality, elegant cultivation and rich wealth, she has carried out comprehensive and meticulous management of the territory. After the death of Mr. and Mrs. catherine, King Francois I assigned the castle to the royal name and became the property of the royal family.
During the period of Henry II, the castle became private property again. Henry II gave the castle to his beloved mistress Diana de poitiers (1499- 1566). Diana is the wife of Louis de poitiers, the minister in charge of the French court, the Duchess of valentino, and the female official of the Queen. Her beauty, wisdom and business acumen made Henry II dote on her. 1547, Henry II presented Chernozzo Castle to Diana to thank her husband for his loyalty to the royal family. The new owner of the castle made full use of the experienced management consultants around him, constantly consolidating and expanding her property, making Chenonso Castle the perfect embodiment of her honor. At that time, the castle of Chenonsau was the most magnificent and modern castle in France, especially the gardens planted with various flowers, trees and Italian fountains were enviable. 1559, Henry II was killed by the captain of his Scottish Guard in a competition, and his widow, Catalina de Medici, recaptured the Chernonso Castle from Diana.
Katrina de Medici (15 19- 1589) has further developed the expansion style of her former owner, expanded the silkworm farm, expanded the spinning scale and created the fabric "Queen Fabric" which is popular in Orleans. In addition, after reorganizing the land structure such as farms, mills and forests, she also built more luxurious gardens, introduced lemon trees and orange trees, propagated small shrubs, and increased caves, workshops and fountains. Among them, she designed and presided over the construction of a grand corridor across the Schell River. At that time, influenced by the Renaissance and Leonardo da Vinci, Katrina decided to expand the castle. A few years later, a Florence-style promenade stood on the bed of Schell, a tributary of the Loire River, and now it has become the crowning touch of Chenonso Castle. In addition, the large-scale banquet celebration at that time also brought the artistic atmosphere of the castle to the highest level. The mother of Dumas' masterpiece La Reine Margot is Katrina. Catherine is the mother of Fran?ois II, Charles IV and Henry III. She is ambitious, arbitrary, intelligent and vicious, and many well-known political disputes here have also started because of her. She is the third mistress of the castle and the most bossy one. But it is undeniable that Katrina pushed the castle and castle life to the peak of luxury.
Later, Catherine gave the castle to the Queen of Henry III and her daughter-in-law Louise. When Henry III was assassinated, Queen Louis lived in seclusion here, spent the rest of her life chatting and devoted her life to her husband. Only in the funeral of the French royal family in spring, summer, autumn and winter was she called "Lady in White".
/kloc-the fifth mistress of chenonso castle in the 0/8th century was/kloc-Louise dobbin, grandmother of the famous French novelist george sand in the 0/9th century. Mrs. Dobbin was beautiful and gentle, and lived to be 93 years old. She is willing to make friends with literati, and has received Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Diderot here. Jean jacques Rousseaux, a young philosopher, fell in love with the mistress of the castle when he came to Xinong Castle, where he finished his masterpiece Emile. Unfortunately, his love was not accepted.
The last mistress of the castle was Mrs. Bellows. She bought the castle on 1864 and devoted all her energy and financial resources to its restoration and protection. She improved some gardens supervised by Katrina, and kept the gardens and stone bridges designed by Diana and the double arcades built by Katrina on the bridge.
The Loire River inherits rich French culture, and its castle reflects the history of the French Renaissance. Many castles are masterpieces. In June, 2000, the castle on the Loire River was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO, and it was as famous as the Great Wall, the Pyramid and Notre Dame de Paris. Since then, the historical heritage closely related to the fate of the French royal family-the castles on the Loire River have been more carefully protected.