At the end of Han Dynasty, the eunuch was in power because of political corruption. Government officials and local governors are busy fighting for power and profit. However, among them, there are still some people who can be honest and worry about state affairs. These people are the clean stream that existed in the feudal history of China for nearly two thousand years, and they were called party member at that time. Zhuge Liang's grandfather Zhuge Gui, his father Zhuge Wang Gui and his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and some mentors and friends Zhuge Liang later made in Jingzhou, such as Si Mahui and Pang Degong, were all related to the Puritans. Knowing this, we can easily understand the choices made by Zhuge Liang in his life. Cao Cao, known as a traitor, will never betray. Sun Shi, who is in Jiangdong, has no opinion. Sun Jian and Sun Ce hid the imperial seal. If one of them doesn't die early and the other one doesn't have the strength, it's impossible to say what will happen. It was not until Liu Bei, a relative of the imperial family, appeared with the same goal of restoring the Han Dynasty that Zhuge Liang ate a snack and then went to the cottage. Some people say that Zhuge Liang was putting on airs at that time, or testing Liu Bei, and he had set Liu Bei's goal. I don't think so. Ideal is ideal, and the situation in 207 AD is clearly there. The Yuan family has been destroyed, and the four states of Qing, Gan, You and Si have fallen into the hands of Cao Cao. Add Cao Cao's original, Zhou, Yu, Xu, and it can be said that the world is settled. The rest of Sun Quan (Yangzhou), Liu Biao (Jingzhou), Liu Zhang (Yizhou), Marten (Liangzhou) and Zhang Lu (Hanzhong, affiliated to Yizhou) are either weak or incompetent. So later, Cao Cao went south, not for hegemony, but to pacify the world (hegemony ended as early as the battle of Guandu). And Liu Bei? Even a place to stay is borrowed from others. Therefore, Zhuge Liang was impressed by Liu Bei's sincerity. For a cloth, it was really hard to get at that time. As the saying goes, sincerity makes the stone open! ) With the reasons mentioned above, he finally defected to Liu Bei. It can also be said that he did it knowing it was difficult.
After a brief introduction of Zhuge Liang, let's talk about his role in various major events.
-Zhuge Liang in Battle of Red Cliffs
There are too many descriptions of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms for a great war that changed history. Zhuge Liang here is more like playing a game. He can play whatever he wants. Many places deify him. Objectively speaking, Zhuge Liang did not play much role in this war. Especially in the military, the main figures are Zhou Yu and Lu Su, and the main force comes from Wu Dong. Strategic planning, tactical arrangement and implementation are basically completed by Zhou Yu, a talented strategist. There are too many descriptions of him in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, so I'll just have a look here. Give him this title, rehabilitate. Oh! ) This is normal. The author of Biography of Zhuge Wu has a classic comment here: Just like an excellent college graduate, it takes a period of adaptation from joining the society to making contributions and creating value. But Zhuge Liang is an outstanding man after all, who laid the foundation for the victory of the war, especially for the future development of Liu Bei's forces.
As we all know, Zhuge Liang's wife is Huang, his daughter Huang, and Huang is a celebrity in Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang's two sisters married the local Kuai and Pang ethnic groups. (Pang Tong family) Zhuge Liang's friends and Cui are also local celebrities. However, Kuai, Pang, Ma and other big families in Jingzhou are all in-laws. These intricate networks made Zhuge Liang have a certain strength and fame in Jingzhou before he became an official, instead of being unknown as described in some books. Battle of Red Cliffs Cao Cao's base and Liu Bei's base are both in Jingzhou, and Zhuge Liang's brother Zhu Gejin is also an important figure in Dongwu. Therefore, the communication bridge of Sun-Liu Alliance is undoubtedly Zhuge Liang, who played a more diplomatic role than a military role in Battle of Red Cliffs. But the alliance between Sun and Liu is the cornerstone of Battle of Red Cliffs and the turning point of Liu Bei's political career. It is understandable to say that Zhuge Liang's official career is a blockbuster. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is correct on this point.
Zhou Yu's fire attack plan finally won the victory of Battle of Red Cliffs, and the winner has the right to share the fruits of victory. What you did in the war is not important, what matters is what you did afterwards. The role of Sun-Liu alliance in Liu Bei began to appear. Battle of Red Cliffs's little contribution to Liu Bei's troops won four of Jingzhou's eight counties in the subsequent struggle, while Sun Quan's troops only got two counties. (This imbalance in the distribution results also laid the groundwork for the later crossing of the river by Lu Meng in white, but at that time Liu Bei's influence was too much to care about. This is not a question of Zhuge Liang's strategic planning, but also an act of God. Zhuge Liang won the first victory in his political career and accumulated valuable experience, which laid the foundation for his future glory.
-Burning joint venture
With the influence of Liu Bei in the base area, his strength began to grow, and Zhuge Liang also used his influence to attract many talents. And took advantage of the godsend opportunity and Cao Cao's mistake (after taking Hanzhong, the west was not beneficial. ) made Bashu and Hanzhong. After Jingzhou was divided into three parts, Liu Bei and Sun Quan each had four counties. The situation influenced by Liu Bei was excellent, and Zhuge Liang also saw new hope. He ordered Guan Yu to lead Jingzhou Army to the north, and he was also prepared to go north in dispatch troops after stabilizing Bashu and Hanzhong. He also hoped that Sun Quan's allied forces would attack or at least contain Cao Cao in the south, so as to achieve his goal of restoring the Han Dynasty. But Zhuge Liang still made mistakes, although it was caused by various reasons, not his subjective mistakes. But this is a mistake after all, and it is a fatal mistake. There are many reasons, such as Guan Yu's headstrong, the death of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, Zhuge Liang's busy with Bashu's internal affairs and Hanzhong's defense, etc. ) He underestimated the importance of Jingzhou to Sun Quan's forces!
There is a natural barrier of the Yangtze River in the north of Sun Quan's influence, not to mention the east and south. Only Jingzhou in the west can go down the Yangtze River and go straight to the hinterland of Soochow. As long as Jingzhou is still in the hands of other forces, even if an alliance is formed, Jingzhou is also a menace to Sun Quan. The threat of low eyelids is always the most worrying. In AD 2 19, Monroe, who succeeded Lu Su as viceroy, made a surprise attack on Jingzhou by crossing the river. General Guan Yu died in battle, and soon after, General Zhang Fei was assassinated. More deadly, Wu Dong and Cao Cao formed an alliance. Shu, which lost its army, fell into a low tide. (already weak enough, alas! )
The grief-stricken Liu Bei began to lose his mind. In July, 22 1 year, Liu Bei attacked Wu Dong with 63,000 troops despite the strong opposition of Zhuge Liang and others. There are different opinions about how many * * * Liu Bei took to attack Wu Dong. According to my book, there are as many as 38,000 ~ 63,000. ) Finally, he was burned to death by young Lu Xun in Yiling and died in Baidicheng on the way back. (Poor Liu Bei, he has suffered many defeats and wars all his life. The only victory in Hanzhong depends on Fazheng and Zhuge Liang. Besides his royal status, what else? But in order to realize the ideal of restoring the Han Dynasty, did Zhuge Liang have a choice? ) What Zhuge Liang was left with was a turbulent mess.
At this stage, Zhuge Liang not only continued to display his diplomatic skills, but also began to show his ability in internal affairs and military affairs.
He dealt well with the relationship between the old subordinates of Qing Xu, the backbone of Jingzhou and the newcomers of Bashu. Didn't Liu Bei lose Xuzhou because the old and new aides were at odds? ) established a legal system to stabilize the country. Before Bashu, dispatch troops went north and captured Hanzhong in one fell swoop. It also shows his extraordinary strategic vision and tactical thinking. Jingzhou and Bashu attacked the Central Plains in tit-for-tat manner, which cannot be said to be a wrong decision. You can only blame God.
Some people think that Zhuge Liang was angry because of different political views when Liu Bei attacked Wu Dong. As a result, Liu Bei was defeated and Shu was hit hard. Is that really the case? Liu Bei was a soldier in Shu. If Zhuge Liang goes, do you think Cao Cao is an idiot? What's more, Bashu is not peaceful at home. Not to mention that Hanzhong has just been pacified, and the chaos in the south was not discovered by Zhuge Liang when he conquered the south. In 2 18 AD, Ding rebelled and was repelled by Li Yan. 2 19 years, Yong # (door+don't even know what to read, shame on you! ) * * *, proud to kill the satrap the following year. 22 1 year, make up your mind again. In 222, Huang Yuan, the satrap of Han Jia, rebelled. Without Zhuge Liang guarding the country, I'm afraid Shu would have perished by this time, so the above theory is untenable.
I didn't want to write so much ~ I was too tired to divide it into two parts! ! !
Be cruel before you die —— Comment on The Real Zhuge Liang (Ⅱ)
Some rich and powerful dynasties in history must first have a talented ruler. Since no one denies that Zhuge Liang is the actual ruler of Shu Han, I will prove that Shu Han has made great achievements in official management, economy, diplomacy and military affairs. Then why should we doubt Zhuge Liang's talent? If you insist that this is the credit of Emperor Liu Chan, I have nothing to say. But I can thank you for Liu Chan. Smile!
There is a saying called' fish begins to stink at the head'. In fact, the reverse is also true. The lower beam is not crooked because the upper beam is straight.
-Governing Shu (Some of the words quoted below are basically from the History of the Three Kingdoms, and there are also some historical books of the Jin Dynasty, unofficial history. Because the time is closer and the credibility is higher. )
After the great changes, Zhuge Liang may vaguely feel that his ideal will go up in smoke. But persistence and loyalty are the excellent qualities of Puritans, and he must persist for the sake of righteousness in his heart and Liu Bei's gratitude.
He didn't listen to Liu Bei, but put Liu Chan first and safeguarded the Han Dynasty. Secondly, in a few years, he sent Ding Hong, Yin Hua and Deng Zhi to Soochow to improve relations, because he knew that peace with Soochow was the key to the establishment of Shu. Shu, a weak country surrounded by enemies, cannot stand on its own feet. With Zhuge Liang's sincerity, Sun Quan finally agreed to make peace in 224 AD and established an alliance against Cao Wei. In 229 AD, he vowed to share the world equally. In March of the same year, Sun Quan moved the capital from Wuchang to Jianye. Then, he popularized the Shuke Code formulated by him and other officials. Because Monday has not been handed down, we have no way of knowing its content and the effect of implementation. However, many historical books have recorded the words "The road does not leave a backward road, the households do not stay up all night" and "the rich households are well-off" in Chengdu at that time, and we can also get a glimpse of the politics and law at that time. He calmed the domestic situation and sent general Wei Yan to Hanzhong. Under these strategies, Shu began to stabilize.
List Zhuge Liang's achievements in internal affairs:
Let's take a look at Zhuge Liang's exhortation to Liu Chan, King of Shu. Plough the valley, behind closed doors and cultivate the people. Suggest division of labor and cooperation to increase people's wealth. Build water conservancy and restore Dujiangyan. Jiuli dike is an affiliated building of Dujiangyan. (The remains still exist today. ) pay attention to farming. As we all know, when Wei was fighting, he also sent troops to farm in Hanzhong in shifts. The Jin people said:' Meiji Shu, a land of land reclamation, a land of real warehouses, a land of equipment and leisure, is not flashy at the court and the road is not intoxicating.' (Shu is forbidden to drink. ) Zuo Si's "Shu Du Fu" also has a clear description of Chengdu's agricultural prosperity. Zuo Si is also from A Jin. There is also Zhuge Liang's management of salt industry and brocade industry, and many materials are described in detail. I won't delve into it here. (Actually, it's too much trouble. Oh! )
Under the leadership of Zhuge Liang, the official administration of Shu is famous for its incorruptibility. Here are a few examples.
Jiang Wan-'Accept what you say with an open mind, and accept it with an open mind.' At that time, a man named Min Yang looked down on him. (Jiang Wan was originally a small county magistrate and was promoted by Zhuge Liang Li and Liu Bei. ) and slandered him everywhere. Later, when Min Yang committed a crime, others thought he was dead. Unexpectedly, Jiang Wan was fair and honest, and acted according to law. For various reasons, Min Yang was acquitted.
Dong He-Shi wrote that he "lived in an official position, lived in a special field and worked on a machine for more than 20 years. On the day of his death, his family had no wealth.
Zhang Ben was the hero and captain of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition. (He was a senior military attache in the Eastern Han Dynasty. )' poor at home' has no money to treat diseases! ! ! Take him to the magistrate He Xiao in Guanghan and ask for his help. He Xiao met him once, but "spend money to see a doctor, and it will be fine in a few years." What is the most popular name in southern China? )
Jiang Wei, a general promoted by Zhuge Liang, surrendered, but he held the national military power. This is rare in history. History books evaluate him as' tireless in learning, frugal and restrained, self-sufficient in appearance'.
Others, such as Fei Weiwei, Lu Yi, Deng Zhi, Mahan, etc. , are diligent and frugal honest officials. Most of the people mentioned above were promoted from obscure officials and even soldiers (such as Mahan and Wei Yan), which can also quell the fallacy that Zhuge Liang is not good at discovering and using talents.
Finally, I want to mention pacifying South China. In the spring of 225 AD, Zhuge Liang decided to completely solve the rebellion in southern China after straightening out the domestic and foreign relations. Before going out to war, I asked Ma Su, and Ma Su said, "The husband uses the method of fighting, attacking the heart first, attacking the city next, taking the heart first and taking the soldiers next."
Zhuge Liang really took Ma Su's advice and adopted the strategy of attacking the enemy. It only took about 1 year to pacify South China. And appease foreigners and make them convinced. Up to now, there are still many relics and customs about Zhuge Liang in Yunnan minority areas. (I'm afraid Masu's performance is also one of the reasons for the loss of street kiosks in the future! )
-Wuzhangyuan, Qiu Feng
Finally, I wrote this chapter. Originally, I wanted to insert a sentence in the middle, "Seven Capture Meng Huo". But I really hope it will be over soon. To tell the truth, I'm tired of typing. Use pinyin! Or just started learning Pinyin plus! )
The most important war in Zhuge Liang's life-six out of Qishan, I won't elaborate. I will look at this war with data and historical evaluation.
Let's look at the strength comparison between Shu and Wei: Shu has 280,000 households with 940,000 people,102,000 people. Wei has 663,423 households with a population of 4,432,881person. The data comes from the household registration examinations in the past dynasties. I'm not familiar with this book, so I can't comment. But I have some doubts about its data, because the territory of Shu and Wei is very different. Wei occupies the hinterland of the Central Plains and is densely populated. Despite years of war, the population loss is serious. However, when Zhuge Liang went to the Northern Expedition, Wei had been cultivating and bearing children for many years, and it was not just that bad. However, this gap is large enough. During the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang led an army of 80,000, while Wei only stationed more than 60,000 troops in Yong and Liang States. Together with the reinforcements later, the total strength exceeded 200,000! There is also Wei's geographical location. Don't believe it? Everyone knows that Bashu is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and it is necessary to take the plank road in and out. But the same is true when the defense is easy to defend and difficult to attack. You can hold several passes so that I can't attack, and I can also build several cities so that you can't attack! Didn't Zhao Hao leave Qishan to stick to Chencang City and let Zhuge Liang return in vain? (Build a plank road tomorrow and sneak into Chencang. This allusion also shows that getting out of Bashu is as difficult as getting into Bashu. In addition, in Hanzhong and beyond, fighting mainly depended on cavalry, but at that time the most powerful cavalry in China was in two states ruled by Wei. There are also unfavorable factors such as the difficulty of transporting grain in Shu Road and the fatigue of foot soldiers in long-distance expeditions. If we look at this war from the viewpoint of Sun Tzu's Art of War, Zhuge Liang would have lost if he had not sent troops.
Look at the six achievements of Qishan, except that the first street pavilion lost thousands of soldiers and horses, (it also pulled out several power houses in Xicheng and returned to Hanzhong! ) The third and fourth victories also won the land population, especially the strategic Wudu and Yin Ping counties. (Yongzhou) killed Zhang He, a famous Wei country, and Xinmeile joint-stock company. He attacked the strong with the weak and the evil with the good. Still able to take the offensive all the time, but also won many times, so that the battlefield has always remained in Wei's territory. Who can say that Zhuge Liang is inferior to Sima Yi militarily? ! Of course, I'm not saying that Sima Yi is incompetent, but he has many advantages, and his strength is several times that of the other side, but he has been on the defensive. The way to eat food is good, but you can't win by fighting. If you go against the road, you will lose soldiers, soldiers and cities. Who can convince Sima Yi that he is the winner? I'm afraid I don't even believe Sima Yi himself. History books say that Sima Yi has always looked down on Zhuge Liang, saying that he "only shuts his ears" and that he "has ambition but can't see opportunities". However, after Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Yi visited the Shu army camp. After reading it, he said "a genius in the world", and the history books said that he "suddenly lost himself, and he didn't feel his words. I can see its true feelings. " There is also a saying that Sima Yi told Zhuge Liang to do his best until he died. The evidence is that Sima Yi asked the messengers of Shu, and after learning about Zhuge Liang's diet and daily life, he said,' Zhuge Liang will die soon', which is also a fallacy! In fact, as early as Deng Zhi's visit to Dongwu, Sun Quan asked about Zhuge Liang, and then hinted that Deng Zhi should pay attention to Zhuge Liang's health. History shows that Zhuge Liang is "respectful in everything, as close as brothers", and he has to ask a clear question when he hits more than 20 criminal laws. You can't enter a few liters of rice a day. Unlike Sima Yi, he not only asked about military strategy, but also made a decision at the last minute. Such as the appointment and removal of officials, the production and allocation of grain, visiting missions, etc. , must be dealt with. In his words, it is' I am afraid that others will not do it, and I am afraid that others will not try their best like me'. Iron man can't stand such a life. So Zhuge Liang was really exhausted, but he died for the country and the people, devoted himself to it, and died! ! !
If Zhuge Liang showed his ability in domestic and foreign affairs in the previous chapters, then in this chapter Zhuge Liang brought his military genius to its peak. If you still doubt Zhuge Liang's military ability, let me give you a few more examples.
At the end of the Southern Dynasties, Lu Fa conquered Shu as Emperor Liang Yuan. After learning Zhuge Liang's art of war, he said,' Zhu Gekongming is a famous soldier. I'll go and see for myself.'
Zhuge Liang has the title 13 in China's military work "Li Zhi Wen", which is second only to Sun Tzu's 2 1 title. Cao Cao has only six questions.
More than a dozen pieces of Zhuge Liang's art of war, such as Bing Yao and Military Orders, have been lost, all written by later generations. But it also shows that Zhuge Liang's military talents have been recognized by future generations, and others have to express their ideas in his name in order to spread them to future generations. I'm afraid you haven't heard of the paintings handed down by Li Bai and the songs handed down by Wang Xizhi.
Finally, I want to say that if people in different periods in history are judged by their historical reputation, handed down works and their role at that time, only Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang can be selected during the Three Kingdoms period.
End this article with a sentence from my classmate. It's a pity that he is not a celebrity. Come on! Classmate: Where is the kitchen knife? Where did you put the kitchen knife? ! Zhuge Liang is very similar to our beloved Premier Zhou in many ways. They are all wizards that only took China a thousand years to produce!
Yes! Run for your life!
Attachment: Textual research on eight-array diagram.
Remember the plot of Lu Xun's being trapped in the Eight Arrays in Romance of the Three Kingdoms? In the present Dingjun Mountain in Shaanxi Province and Xindu County in Sichuan Province, there is a neatly arranged stone pile. It is said that this is a relic of Zhu Gekongming's Eighth Battalion. However, because most of Zhuge Liang's military works have been lost, there are different opinions about the descendants of the Eight Arrays. Brother, I have always been interested in military affairs, especially some weapons and tactics used in history. So I focused on this eight-array diagram. (classmate: nothing more than turning over two broken books. Me: Where's the kitchen knife? Where did you put the kitchen knife? Personally, I think there is a description of the Eight Arrays in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it is not about the Shu army. On the other hand, do you remember the Qiang soldiers Ya Dan and Yue Ji who came to help Cao Wei? Didn't Ma Dai, whom Zhuge Liang sent to deal with them, suffer a great loss? Actually, the tactics used by the Qiang people are eight arrays, but Luo Guanzhong knows nothing about military affairs, and he just doodles with his eyes closed. The description in the book is: Qiang people surround iron carts in a circle, which can be used as a garden with an ambush inside. (roughly? I can't find my copy of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The real eight-array diagram is like this. There are iron cars all around. Each car has a dozen or twenty soldiers armed with Zhuge crossbows. There are infantry with halberds and cavalry commanding the border guards. Formation can be changed. In fact, Zhuge Liang used it to beat Cao Wei. As mentioned earlier, Zhuge Liang faced many calm and harmonious elite cavalry, while the Shu army was mostly infantry, and the number and quality of cavalry were far less than that of Cao Wei. Infantry fighting in the plain can't deal with cavalry, so this formation can kill two birds with one stone. During the war, cars were tied up and enemy cavalry could not enter. Change the formation because of the enemy's change, kill the enemy soldiers in the distance with crossbowmen, and use the infantry to close combat. When the enemy is in chaos, we will send cavalry to surround them from the flank. At ordinary times, these vehicles can be used to camp, transport grain, transport wounded soldiers, transport trench and so on, which is of great help to the Shu army fighting in the distance.
Later generations also recorded the use of eight arrays to defend the enemy.
In 279 AD, Ma Long, the general of the Western Jin Dynasty, was ordered to crusade against the Qiang people. He took 3500 crossbowmen and fought the Qiang people in Liangzhou. Malone made a flat box car according to the eight-array diagram, with the car as the formation and the car as the camp. At first, the car camp was guarded by antlers on the wide terrain, and the narrow terrain was loaded on the roof, so the battle retreated. Move thousands of miles, defeat Qiang and pacify Liangzhou. In 507 AD, when Xiao Liang was in the Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei army came to attack, and Yang Dayan was named the Northern Wei Army. Xiao Liang general Wei Rui led the army to resist. Facing the local soldiers, he tied up the car and surrounded the soldiers with big eyes. With a strong crossbow, two thousand pieces can be fired at a time, and the armor is pierced, causing countless casualties. The arrow penetrated the right arm of Dayan, and Dayan retreated. "
The eight-array diagram reflects Zhuge Liang's military talent from the side.
Zhuge Liang invented many things. In addition to the eight-array map, there are wooden cows and horses. However, limited to the information at hand, I have to write it later.
Comment on Zhuge Liang's Five Major Mistakes
It is said that Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of wisdom, but it is a pity that even the wise always lose. I think I still know something about Zhuge Liang. Let's analyze several major mistakes during his lifetime. (In fact, Zhuge Yuan, the marquis of Wu in history, is not as magical as a novel, and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is so deeply rooted in people's hearts, so what I discuss here is based on the deeds of the novel. )
5. Leaving Liu Bei to crusade against Wu Dong alone, Liu Huangshu was defeated by Lu Xun, which led to the decline of vassal states.
After Soochow captured Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu, Zhang Fei also died of grief. At this time, the oath of the past kept echoing in Liu Bei's ear-not to be born on the same day in the same year, but to die on the same day in the same year. Of course, Liu Bei won't die because of this oath, but his inner indignation and hatred should be understandable, so he went to crusade against Wu Dong despite everyone's persuasion. As Liu Bei's brain trust, Zhuge Liang certainly wanted to stop Liu Bei, but he knew that Liu Bei, who had listened to him before, would not agree this time, so he finally released Liu Bei and appointed Ma Liang as Liu Bei's strategist. To be fair, Zhuge Liang didn't pick the wrong person. Ma Liang is indeed a military wizard, and he certainly won't be at a disadvantage when dealing with Lu Xun. However, Zhuge Liang has calculated everything, and he has missed Ma Liang's qualifications and prestige. As a king of a country, how could Liu Bei let an unknown courtier at that time? In addition, Liu Bei's army passed through the customs all the way, and it was when it was proud that it would not put Lu Xun, who had just debuted, in the eyes. As a result, there was a scene of burning the camp.
It can be said that Liu Bei died because of Zhuge Liang. If Zhuge Liang had gone with Liu Bei, it would have been wiped out, at least it would have greatly dampened his spirit, and there would not have been such a ridiculous thing as asking Zhuge Liang to persuade Liu Bei to change his camp immediately.
But you might say that Zhuge Liang wanted to stay in Shu and defend the base camp to resist Wei and ease Liu Bei's worries. This makes sense, but in comparison, Zhuge Liang is needed more ahead, not to mention that there are Fazheng, Jiangbo, Zhaoyun and Wei Yan in Shu, plus the natural barrier of the city wall and Shu Road, and Wei Jun wants to attack. How simple is it?
Imagine that if Zhuge Liang had gone with Liu Bei at that time, Liu Bei would not have died so early, and there would not have been a situation in which Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan seven times and returned to the DPRK many times because of insufficient supplies in the rear.
4. Poor family education led to the absence of generals in the late Shu State.
In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to restoring the Han Dynasty, unifying the Central Plains, and waging wars all the year round, which led to the emptiness of the national treasury and zero talent transfer. The biggest mistake is to neglect the education of children.
According to records, Zhuge Zhan, the son, and Zhuge Shang, the grandson, were both talented people. Although their intelligence was not as good as their father's, they were also outstanding at that time (Zhuge Liang and Huang Yueying, his wife, were extremely smart people, and their descendants would certainly not be bad). Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the destruction of Wei and the affairs of the state, neglecting the education of his children and wasting a piece of jade (he would rather train Jiang Wei than take his son out to war). Although Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang later led the troops against the enemy, their strategies were far less than those of Wei Jun's Wargo and Zhong Hui, and they were beaten out of the water. On the other hand, Sima Yi, Zhuge Liang's arch-enemy, did a good job in this respect. Sima Yi took two sons with him almost every time he sent troops. Facts have also proved that Si Mazhao and Sima Shi basically inherited their father's Juexue, which laid a solid foundation for the later establishment of the Jin Dynasty.
The only consolation is that Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang basically inherited the strength of Zhuge Liang's personality-dominating the center, preferring to die rather than surrender.
3. I came out of Qishan seven times, and everything was fine. I was too tired to die young.
In the Battle of Wuzhangyuan, when Sima Yi learned about Zhuge Liang's living conditions according to the report of the spies, he had already concluded that his life was coming to an end. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died in a few days. Zhuge Liang was only 54 when he died. He wouldn't have done this if he hadn't always been in charge of everything. So how hard did Zhuge Liang work? Sleeping in the middle of the night, getting up at 5 o'clock, he has to take care of everything from military supplies to kitchen chores. After all, people are fleshy, how can the body stand such hard work? No matter how many lights you light, it won't help. Chairman Mao put it well: health is the capital of revolution. Sima Yi couldn't beat him when he was alive. Can you stop hitting him after he dies? So from this perspective, Sima Yi is much smarter than Zhuge Liang.
2. Misuse of Masu.
Before he died, Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "I think Ma Su is an exaggerated person and can't be used more." Zhuge Liang did not believe in evil and let Ma Su guard the street pavilion, which led to the loss of a good game of chess and missed the best opportunity to destroy Wei.
Masu still has real talent and practical learning, but he is too theoretical and lacks practical experience. Zhuge Liang can't be unaware of this, but he decided to give the horse a chance. It's no problem to give him a chance, but it was a big mistake to let him guard the important place for the first time. In fact, Masu is still a talented person, but unfortunately he has his own destiny. Before he died, Liu Bei said that he admired Zhuge Liang and never dared to let him train him and let him practice on the battlefield. If Zhuge Liang can consciously cultivate Ma Su early in the morning according to his own wishes, Ma Su's grades may be better than Jiang Wei's; On the other hand, if Zhuge Liang always believed Liu Bei's words and didn't give Ma a chance, Wei might win the battle. It was Zhuge Liang's indecision that caused the tragedy of fighting Ma Su in tears. Alas, alas!
1, Yu Zhong! Did not replace dou as king.
None of the above is the most important. Most importantly, Zhuge Liang has always been too pedantic and has no rebellious heart. He won a good reputation in history, but he regretted it all his life.
After Liu Bei's death, there was no chaos in Shu. Why? Because Zhuge Liang! Both civilian military commanders and ordinary people know that Zhuge Liang is the key to a strong country, not Liu Bei. As long as Zhuge Liang is here, they have no reason to worry about anything. This shows Zhuge Liang's high position in Shu. However, the courtesy of Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage is vivid in my mind, and the teachings of Confucius are still lingering in my heart, which makes Zhuge Liang can't help but abolish the "incompetent" A Dou and stand on his own feet as king. Especially before Liu Bei died, he was told that he could replace Adou. Facing the former king's great benevolence and righteousness, Zhuge Liang could not bear to usurp the throne. It can be said that Liu Bei used this trick very well, so he seized Zhuge Liang's life and put him between applause (what's more, he only told Zhuge Liang that Zhuge Liang dared not rebel). Liu Bei's mastery can be said to be complete, and it is no wonder that Zhuge Liang is loyal to him.