As an important part of people's comprehensive quality, psychological quality has been paid more and more attention. Psychological education aimed at systematically cultivating students' psychological quality is rapidly entering all kinds of school education fields in China.
So, what exactly is psychological quality? What are the main factors? What is the relationship between these factors? What do they have to do with other qualities? What does it inspire us? These are not only the problems that must be solved in the research of educational theory, but also the urgent problems that need to be answered in the practice of psychological education. Theoretically speaking, it is related to the logical starting point, research content and destination of psychopedagogy, a new discipline that needs to be established urgently. In practice, it determines the purpose of psychological education. Content and how to evaluate it.
At present, it is rare to systematically discuss the concept of psychological quality, but from the expression of related research and people's general understanding, there are three different tendencies.
The first is the trend of expansion and generalization, that is, the overall quality of people is divided into physical quality and psychological quality, and all factors except physical quality are attributed to the concept of psychological quality. It is true that the quality of morality and intelligence is based on psychological quality, which reflects the role of psychological quality, but they are different after all. This definition actually confuses the boundary between psychological quality and other qualities, which easily leads to the uniqueness of the goal of psychological quality education in practice. Content. The vagueness or even loss of functions makes people mistakenly think that moral education and intellectual education can actually replace psychological quality education, which is not conducive to psychological education practice.
The second is psychological quality in a narrow sense, that is, equating psychological education with systematic and comprehensive psychological education. For example, depending on whether psychological quality education is the cultivation of self-confidence, the training of the ability to withstand setbacks, or mental health education. These contents undoubtedly belong to the category of psychological education, but it is inappropriate to equate a subsystem with the whole system. In the practice of psychological education, it is difficult to give full play to the proper function of psychological quality education if one favors one over the other and fights alone.
The third is to regard psychological quality as the level, level and quality of all psychological phenomena. This view is undoubtedly in line with psychological science. However, since psychological phenomenon is a very complicated system, the understanding and division of the elements of psychological phenomenon have not been completely unified. Objectively, various psychological factors have different educational possibilities and values, and psychological education needs to determine key aspects according to their possibilities and values.
Psychological quality is an important concept in the psychological education system, and its definition will directly affect the practice of psychological quality education and the establishment of personnel training objectives. Therefore, the definition of psychological quality should first meet the basic requirements of psychopedagogy, pay attention to dealing with the relationship with other educational contents, and avoid generalization or one-sidedness; Secondly, it must be operable, which is conducive to the practice of psychological education, and at the same time, it should also take into account the realistic requirements of society for human psychology.
Based on this, the author believes that psychological quality is a comprehensive reflection of a person's personality, psychological ability, psychological motivation, mental health and psychogenic behavior level or quality. In other words, a person's psychological quality should be comprehensively evaluated from five aspects: personality quality, psychological ability, psychological motivation, mental health and social adaptability of behavior caused by psychological factors.
Personality quality refers to the stable psychological characteristics of people's attitude and behavior towards reality. For example, whether your attitude towards yourself is self-confidence or inferiority, self-love or self-abandonment, enterprising or retreating; Tolerance or care for others, gentle or rude, gregarious or withdrawn; Do you like or dislike work and study, are you diligent or lazy, are you serious or careless, are you responsible or irresponsible, are you practical or frivolous, and so on. Emotionally optimistic or pessimistic, cheerful or depressed, stable or fluctuating, strong or quiet; Will, whether there is a goal or blind, conscious or impulsive, self-control or indulgence, brave or timid, decisive or indecisive, calm or panic, strong or fragile, constant or unchangeable, flexible or rigid; As well as the cognitive characteristics and attitudes towards the collective and society. Personality quality has the core significance in a person's personality. Different personality qualities have qualitative differences in their own and social values, and there are advantages and disadvantages, which will directly or indirectly restrict other aspects. For example, whether a person is confident or inferior directly restricts the cultivation of psychological ability and the stimulation of psychological motivation, and affects mental health and behavior performance. So it is the core of a person's psychological quality. But at the same time, its formation is gradually strengthened and accumulated in the training of psychological ability, the promotion of psychological motivation, the influence of mental health and the feedback of behavioral results.
Psychological ability mainly refers to a person's ability in cognitive and psychological adaptation. Cognitive aspects include perception, memory, thinking, imagination, attention and creativity. Psychological adaptability includes many aspects, mainly: the ability to adapt to objective self-awareness, such as self-cognition, self-evaluation and self-acceptance; The ability of self-orientation, self-design, self-motivation, self-supervision, self-sublation and self-expression required to adapt to self-development; Ability to perceive others, understand others, communicate with others and coordinate interpersonal relationships; Social perception ability, value judgment ability and competition and cooperation ability required by society; Self-care ability, adaptability, decision-making ability, frustration tolerance, Emotional adjustment ability, mental health care ability, behavior self-control ability, etc. Of course, the formation of these abilities is the result of comprehensive quality, but first of all, it is inseparable from excellent personality, strong motivation, healthy mentality and good behavior habits. Its intensity reacts on other aspects of psychological quality and directly restricts behavior performance. For example, in Emotional adjustment, a person with strong ability is more likely to form a cheerful personality, a stable and happy mentality, a positive internal drive, and avoid a lot of pain and depression. Anxiety and other negative emotional disorders, leading to positive and appropriate behavior.
Psychological motivation refers to the driving force generated by individual needs, interests, motives, beliefs, ideals, world outlook, values and outlook on life, which comes from the subject itself. It not only has grade differences in the amount of motivation, but also may be beneficial or harmful to itself or society because of its different behavioral purposes. Therefore, while examining their psychological motives, we should also pay attention to whether the direction they refer to is appropriate. Psychological motivation is the internal strength source of a person's personality optimization, ability strengthening, mental health and behavior improvement, which can promote or hinder personality shaping, mental ability training, mental health and behavioral enthusiasm. At the same time, psychological quality and other aspects of people's overall quality will also strengthen or weaken psychological motivation, especially senior personality psychological tendencies such as outlook on life, values and world outlook and ideological and moral qualities affect the goal orientation of psychological motivation.
People have different understandings of the standard of mental health. Here we only take the minimum requirements of mental health as the standard to measure. That is to say, it depends on whether an individual has psychological obstacles such as emotional, cognitive and personality defects, and whether he has mental illness. Sound personality, necessary psychological ability, good behavioral adaptation and strong and positive internal motivation are not only the conditions of mental health, but also the signs of a high level of mental health. The low level of mental health is the inevitable result of poor psychological quality. On the other hand, mental health directly restricts the improvement of mental quality such as mind, energy and heart, and directly leads to behavior, which determines whether behavior adapts or not.
Psychogenic behavior refers to the behavior directly caused by the individual's psychological quality and mental health. In addition, part of human behavior is passive obedience caused by environmental pressure. The adaptation of psychogenic behavior is the external manifestation of a person's psychological quality and mental health. The result of psychogenic behavior in turn affects personality quality, psychological ability, psychological motivation and mental health. Adaptation here depends on whether it adapts to social and environmental requirements, and on whether a person's conscious behavior is consistent with his age and unique role.
To sum up, the five aspects of psychological quality in a broad sense are closely related, mutually based and mutually conditional. They can promote each other and enter a virtuous circle, or they may restrict each other and fall into a vicious circle. Among them, personality quality is the most basic, long-term and relatively stable factor, occupying the most basic position. Psychological ability is the direct embodiment and main component of psychological quality. Psychological motivation is the most active, direct and comprehensive factor in psychological quality. These two aspects constitute a narrow psychological quality structure. The level of mental health is the intrinsic sign of narrow psychological quality, while psychogenic behavior is a barometer of mental health and an explicit sign of narrow psychological quality. Because mental health level and behavior are closely related to other factors, in a narrow sense, these factors have adverse effects on all aspects of psychological quality, so these two factors should also be included in the generalized psychological quality structure system to facilitate the practice of psychological education. In psychological education, the cultivation of personality quality, the cultivation of psychological ability, the maintenance of mental health, the stimulation of psychological motivation and the guidance of behavior should be unified, fully implemented, form a joint force, and give full play to the overall efficiency of psychological education.
All aspects of psychological quality are not only intrinsically interrelated, but also closely related to other external qualities. Relatively speaking, psychological quality is the core of people's overall quality, and its various aspects form the basis for the development of other qualities.
On the one hand, personality quality includes the individual's attitude towards others, the collective and society, and these results directly determine people's moral behavior and reflect a person's ideological and moral level. On the other hand, a person's other personality characteristics will indirectly affect the improvement of his political, ideological and moral quality. For example, a person with a bad temper may have excessive behavior in some cases, thus violating moral norms. A self-centered person, when in conflict with others, is more likely to show selfish or even immoral behavior. A narrow-minded person will be short-sighted and difficult to form lofty ideological and political consciousness. On the other hand, a person with a good personality is more likely to receive scientific ideological and political education and form a good ideological and moral quality. Therefore, good character quality is the basis of improving ideological and moral quality. Cultivation of personality quality. Optimization is the common goal and task of psychological quality education and ideological and moral education, and it is also the most direct combination of psychological quality education and moral education.
Psychological ability includes intelligence and psychological adaptability, in which intelligence and its development and utilization directly affect the improvement of cultural and scientific quality and become its foundation and condition. Psychological adaptability not only restricts the individual's social adaptation, but also restricts the self-adaptation and development, which becomes the basic condition for a person to fully realize himself and socialize smoothly. The strength of psychological adaptability directly restricts the process of individual psychological socialization, so it is the psychological basis of individual socialization.
Mental health is an important part of people's overall health quality, and many unhealthy psychological factors are the causes of physical diseases. For example, the occurrence of psychogenic diseases is directly or indirectly related to personality disorder, emotional disorder, mental ability defect, etc. Therefore, mental health is the basis of improving people's overall health level.
Psychogenic behavior is an integral part of a person's real behavior. If the psychological quality is good and the mental health is good, then the adaptive psychogenic behavior will increase and the passive obedient behavior will decrease. Psychological quality and other qualities based on it restrict people's behavior and determine people's social adaptability.
Psychological motivation not only directly restricts the optimization of other aspects of psychological quality, but also affects the improvement of ideological and moral, cultural science and physical quality, and affects the socialization process of individuals. The magnitude of psychological motivation plays an accelerating or decelerating role in all aspects of human development, and its direction affects the direction of all kinds of quality development, which determines people's quality development and behavior consciousness, initiative and subjective initiative.
Psychological motivation occupies a core position in people's overall quality, and becomes the basis for the development of other qualities respectively. Of course, the development of other qualities will also react to the changes in all aspects of psychological quality.
The implementation of quality education must attach importance to the cultivation of psychological quality. Through the comprehensive and systematic training and counseling of all aspects and elements of psychological quality, the optimization of personality quality, the strengthening of psychological ability and the stimulation of psychological motivation can be realized, thus maintaining psychological health and preventing psychological and behavioral problems. On this basis, we will promote the positive development of students' moral, intellectual and physical qualities and realize the socialization of individuals smoothly.