Starting material of glass-ceramic matrix
(labeled 3S0) is fly ash from "Liepajas" steel plant.
Metallurgical peat ash from Latvia and Riga coal power plant
Station, as well as lime-free clay, as reported elsewhere.
[1, 10]. As reported elsewhere, the initial materials of glass-ceramic matrix (reference number 3S0) are fly ash from Latvian "Liepajas Metalurgs" steel plant, peat ash from Riga coal power station and lime-free clay [1, 10]. "clay is added as an adhesive to improve the adhesion.
Characteristics of particles during pressing.
The waste contains silicon as the main chemical element,
Calcium, aluminum, iron, zinc, magnesium, lead and trace amounts of strontium and manganese,
Nickel, copper, cadmium and tin [1 1]. Clay is added as a binder to improve the adhesion between particles during processing. The main chemical elements contained in the waste are: silicon, calcium, aluminum, iron, zinc, magnesium, lead and trace amounts of strontium and manganese.
Nickel, copper, cadmium and tin [1 1]. As reported in previous studies.
[1 1, 12], and the fly ash contains spinel (ZnAl2O4) and sphalerite.
(ZnS), hematite (Fe2O3) and brown corundum (K2Pb(SO4)2), while
Peat ash contains calcite (CaCO3), anhydrite (CaSO4),
Corundum (Al2O3), albite ((Na, K)AlSi3O8) and Shi Ying.
(SiO22 _ 2)。 As reported in the previous study [1 1, 12], fly ash contains spinel (ZnAl2O4), sphalerite (ZnS), hematite (CaCO3) and podophyllite (K2Pb(SO4)2), while peat ash contains calcite (ZnAl2O4).
Ecological incompatible element lead
Was found to be contained in fly ash.
Palm leaf stage. Lead, an ecologically incompatible element contained in fly ash, has been found to be contained in aluminophosphate phase.
The relatively high silica content in peat.
Ash indicates the feasibility of using this waste composition.
Development of glass matrix for composite materials
Nominal chemical composition of the best glass ceramics
The matrix has been determined in previous studies [1, 10, 1 1]. The relatively high content of SiO2 _ 2 in peat ash shows the feasibility of developing composite glass matrix by using this waste component, and the nominal chemical composition of the best glass-ceramic matrix has been determined in the previous study [1].
As a reinforcing additive, clinker made of the above substances
Clay was used. Lime-free clay from Liepa deposit (Latvia)
Heat treatment at 900℃ for 65438 0 hours.
Ball milling for 24 hours until the average particle size reaches10mm.
Clay clinker made of the clay is used as a reinforcing additive. Lime-free clay from Liepa deposit in Latvia was heat-treated at 900℃ for 65438 0 hours and ground with a ball mill for 24 hours until the particle size reached 65438 00 mm.
Density and sum of powder glass-ceramic matrix
The clinker measured by pycnometer method is 2.923g/cm3.
And 2.765438 0.05g/cm3. From the initial glass ceramics
Two batches of ingredients (labeled 3S0)
The composite mixture was prepared by adding 20 and
30 weight. % clay, these labeled components
3S2 and 3S3, respectively. The densities of powdered glass-ceramic matrix and clay clinker were measured by pycnometer, which were 2.923 g/cm3 and 2.7 15 g/cm3 respectively. Two batches of composite mixtures were prepared by adding 20 and 30 mass percent (wt%) clay clinker from the initial glass-ceramic component (No.3S0), which were labeled as components 3S2 and 3S3 respectively. 10 and 20% by weight of the composition. % clinker and 10 wt% additive. % of
Waste glass (from Valmiera Glass Fiber Factory in Latvia) includes
Also studied, these samples were labeled as 3SVand and 3SV2.
In addition, the composition of the combination of 10 and 20 mass fractions of clay clinker and 10 mass fraction of waste glass (from Valmiera glass fiber factory in Latvia) was also studied. These samples are labeled as 3SV and 3SV2 respectively. Determining the density of waste glass
It is 2.267 g/cm3. Use of mixture in dry state
Grind agate for 20 minutes, then add water (8–
12 weight. %). The density of waste glass is 2.267g/cm3. Grind the dry mixture with a door mill (I don't know if there is any mistake, if it is a grate mill, it is a lattice die) for 20 minutes, and then add water (8- 10 mass fraction). Sieve the wet powder (sieve
Aperture: 3 mm) by keeping the moisture content at a level
12–14%. The wet powder was kept at the humidity of 12- 14% and sieved (mesh size: 3mm).
Sintering behavior and thermal change of ceramics
The mixture was passed through a heating microscope (Leica
Wetzlar 388 18) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).
(STA 409C) is in the temperature range of 20–1300 8c.
In the temperature range of 20- 1300℃, the sintering properties and thermal changes of the mixture were measured by heating microscope (Leica Wetzlar 388 18) and differential thermal analyzer (STA409C).
Cylindrical sample (diameter = 20 mm; Height = 4 mm)
Uniaxial compression was carried out at room temperature with a pressure of 50 MPa. Powder products were sintered in air, the heating rate was 8 8c/min, and the sintering time was 60 min. Cylindrical sample (diameter = 20 mm; Height = 4 mm) was subjected to uniaxial compression at room temperature with a pressure of 50 MPa.
The sintering temperature varies between 65438 0000℃
1 120 8C。 Rectangular test bar (25mm 5mm 5mm)
It is also made by sintering at the optimal temperature.
Every composition. Sintered rods are used for
Bending strength test, as follows.
The sintering temperature varies between 1000 and 1 120℃. Rectangular test bars (25mm× 5mm× 5mm) are also manufactured by sintering at the optimum temperature of each component. Sintered bars were used for the following bending strength test.