(1) has strict indications. Different antibacterial veterinary drugs have different indications. Penicillin, tetracycline, amide alcohol and erythromycin are mainly effective against diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria, such as swine erysipelas, tetanus, anthrax, equine adenosis, streptococcal inflammation and septicemia. Aminoglycosides and amide alcohols have good curative effects on diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as pasteurellosis, enteritis, urinary tract inflammation and so on. Enzyme-resistant penicillin is the first choice for the treatment of respiratory tract infection and septicemia caused by penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin and polymyxin are effective in treating wound infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia and septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sulfonamides have a strong inhibitory effect on most gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, such as streptococcus, pneumococcus, salmonella and Corynebacterium pyogenes.
(2) Choose appropriate dosage and course of treatment. When using antibacterial veterinary drugs, we must choose the appropriate dosage and course of treatment. Generally, a larger dose can be selected at the initial stage of treatment, so that after the blood concentration reaches a higher level, the dose can be reduced according to the condition. The course of drug treatment depends on the type of disease and the condition of the affected animals. The course of acute infection should not be too long, and the drug can be stopped about 3 days after infection control. For some chronic infections, it is necessary to extend the course of treatment appropriately and consolidate the curative effect. Otherwise, blindly increasing the dose will cause drug and economic losses, and will also cause adverse reactions of the affected animals. Insufficient dose or short course of treatment can not play a therapeutic role, making bacteria resistant.
(3) Synergy, accumulation or antagonism can occur between the combined antibacterial veterinary drugs. If the combination of drugs is properly selected, synergy and accumulation can be achieved, thus improving the curative effect, reducing the dosage of antibacterial drugs and reducing toxic reactions; If the choice is not good, it may produce antagonism. Therefore, the best combination of drugs should be selected for combined application. Under normal circumstances, two kinds of antibacterial veterinary drugs are used in combination, and under special circumstances, three or more drugs are used in combination. However, in the combination of drugs, we should pay attention to the possible incompatibility:
① In infusion, some drugs often appear turbid, discolored and precipitated after mixing, which reduces the antibacterial activity. For example, penicillin G should not be combined with tetracycline, aminoglycosides, polymyxin E, amphotericin B, sulfanilamide sodium salt, sodium bicarbonate, amino acids, vitamin C, norepinephrine and chlorpromazine.
② Tetracyclines are incompatible with many drugs, and are suitable for intravenous administration alone. It should not be taken with drugs or feed containing iron, calcium, aluminum, magnesium and bismuth. , because it can form insoluble complex, which affects absorption; It is also not suitable for taking with sodium bicarbonate, because the latter will increase the pH value and reduce its solubility.
③ When the two drugs are used together, the toxicity will increase. For example, aminoglycosides combined with cephalosporins can cause acute tubular necrosis; The combination of gentamicin and furosemide can enhance ototoxicity.
(4) To have clear clinical indications and avoid the abuse of antibacterial veterinary drugs, we should pay attention to the following points according to the clinical diagnosis, the general situation of sick animals and the severity of infection:
(1) It is not suitable for patients diagnosed as viral diseases or infected with viruses. Because general antibacterial veterinary drugs, especially antibiotics, have no antiviral effect.
② Not suitable for patients with fever of unknown origin. It is difficult to detect pathogenic microorganisms after use, and the clinical manifestations are atypical, which affects the correct diagnosis or delays timely treatment.
③ Try to avoid local application such as skin and mucous membrane. Prevent allergic reactions or cause drug-resistant bacteria.
(5) When dealing with emergencies, such as allergic reactions, you should be calm and choose appropriate drugs for rescue.