In our daily study, work and life, everyone will inevitably come into contact with papers. Thesis is a tool to describe academic research results for academic exchange. So how to write a good paper? The following is a brief analysis of the ideological content and artistic characteristics of Su Shi's ci for your reference and hope to help friends in need.
On the ideological content and artistic characteristics of Su Shi's ci 1 Su Shi's ci began when he was the general of Hangzhou in the Middle Ages. His earliest works, Langtaoshazha Sunrise in the East City and Nangezi Riding Couples on the Sea, are fresh and lovely. The latter wrote the tide of Qiantang River, and the heroic and humorous style of Su Shi's poems showed a little clue. Looking at the overall situation, the most striking works in Su Shi's ci are politics, love and countryside.
Su Shi devoted himself to political life with enthusiasm, but his unfortunate family experience, uncertain career fate and harsh power struggle made him repeatedly hit. In his works, there is passion for ideals, depression and anger in despair, and unwillingness to sink in adversity, which truly and meticulously reflects Su Shi's complex and rich inner world. Su Shi is still a "temperament middleman", and most of them are true and touching, whether it is family or friendship. Chen Tingzhuo commented on Bai Yuzhai's ci: "Dongpo's ci is purely emotional, and the words of the most affectionate people have arrived, but the feelings are just right, unlike Yan Qing's intimate feelings." "Meng Jiang first month 20th":
① Cheng Peng: "Mo Ke Dao Xi".
② See the original word order.
(3) Lu You: Notes on the Old Learning Temple.
Never think, never forget. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is estimated that the annual heartbroken place, moonlit night, short matsuoka.
This word was written in Mizhou in the eighth year of Xining (1075), just ten years after the death of Su Shi's wife Wang Fu. The beginning of the word comes straight to the point, directly expresses feelings, tells the whole story without any bedding and rendering, and tends to be unpleasant. Life and death are different, north and south are separated; There is nothing to say about the frustration of official career and the depression of life. Let's take a step back and say, "Even if we meet, we shouldn't know each other", because we are not high-spirited young people anymore. The next movie is about meeting in a dream, and the ending sentence is "heartbroken every year, moonlit night, dwarf Songshan." It is also an expression of the true feelings of the deceased to bring the unresolved feelings of missing into the endless future. Su Shi was the first and the best person to write mourning poems in words.
Su Shi's contact with the lower working people is deeper and wider than that of any contemporary writer, so he is very sensitive to the sufferings of the working people. When he saw that "the autumn harvest is not full of crops, and the wheat species are extremely scarce", he was "always ashamed of the people of this country and stabbed in the flesh", and then he felt painfully that "he lived for 5,000 volumes and died of hunger." (1) Su Shi's ci works are far less profound than those describing the sufferings of working people. Among all the more than 30 rural words, the most successful one describes rural customs and outlines the cordial and harmonious relationship between the author and rural elders. Work on the Xie Yu Road in Xumenshitan, Huanxisha Part II: Looking at the monarch in red makeup, rows of hedges on the third, third, fifth and fifth, stepping on the Siro skirt. Young and old help the wheat harvest club, Wu Yuxiang Dance God Village, and the road is drunk at dusk.
When Su Shi was a satrap in Xuzhou, it rained after the spring drought. So Su Shi went to Shitan, which can cause thunderstorms twenty miles east of the city, to thank God. This word is the second of the five words written in this trip. The first paragraph of the word says that the girls in the village heard that the satrap was coming, dressed up in a hurry and gathered in front of the fence to meet them in groups of three or five. In order to see clearly, some girls even broke their red dresses. The next paragraph of the word is about the village community, the first sentence is about the grandeur of the village community, the second sentence is about the richness of offerings, and the last sentence is about the happiness of the villagers. The whole poem is still like a simple and interesting rural genre painting.
The artistic features of Su Shi's ci are different, which can be summarized as four points, namely, bold, elegant, beautiful and frank.
The boldness of Su Shi's ci has been appreciated by people. Yu Wenbao's Record of Continued Blowing Sword said: "The bachelor will sing" The River of No Return "with a big man in Kansai, a copper pipa and an iron rake." Nian Nujiao's "Red Cliff Nostalgia" has always been regarded as a masterpiece of rhetoric: a river never returns, a romantic figure through the ages. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. As picturesque as a mountain, how many heroes there are at one time! Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Things are like a dream, a bottle or a month.
At the end of the word, the sentence "It's like a dream on earth" painted a layer of depressing fatalism on the bold and broad tone of the whole article, which made people sad. Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting is seven years earlier than Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia written by Mizhou.
I said juvenile madness, which led to yellow on the left and pale on the right. Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts. In order to report the situation of the whole city to the prefect, I shot a tiger and met Sun Lang. The wine is full and the box is still open. Why not put some cream on your temples? When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.
Regarding the writing of this word, Su Shi described it like this in Fairy Book: "A very small word, although it doesn't have the taste of Liu, but it is also a family, hehe." I hunted in the country the other day, and I got quite a lot. I did a lot of tricks to make the strong men of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty sing, play flute and drum as a festival. Very spectacular. curie
(1) Su Shi: The poem "See with Kong Langzhong and send it immediately".
The first one is about the huge hunting activities and the lofty sentiments inspired by the author. The meaning of the next part is in the same strain as the last one. The article closely follows the lofty sentiments, from hunting lofty sentiments to serving the country lofty sentiments. Su Shi was not happy when he moved from Hangzhou to Zhouzhi, Mizhou. Calling himself "an old friend" is a reflection of this gloomy mood, but Su Shi is not pessimistic, but full of confidence in the future. Feng Tang's classic contains the hope that I was born to know the Lord and never give up. The conclusion of the sentence "Look northwest, shoot Cang Lang" expresses the ambition to make a difference once it is reused by the imperial court.
In Su Shi's poems, Shao Xiu and Qing Jiong's works should be interpreted as "When will there be a bright moon?" And "Bu operator? Hanging sparse tung without a month? " The previous comments on these works were "fantastic ideas, eloquent" and "meaningful, like eating fireworks and people's words." If you don't have thousands of books in your mind and there is nothing tacky in your words, who can do it? ② The truth of Su Shi's ci is in the same strain as his life, which is reflected in most of his works.
Su Shi's words are "Who said that life is not lacking, the flowing water in front of the door can still flow westward, not singing white-haired yellow chickens!" (3) "If you don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest, why don't you sing slowly?" (4) "Don't complain about the oblique light when boarding the plane. Throughout the ages, there are several who are not old. " ⑤. "Don't worry about autumn, your health is still high this year." In addition to these heroic, vigorous, optimistic and hearty works, there are quite a few works with negative thoughts, such as "Drunk Down and Out": you will get this taste yourself when you wake up drunk. Pour amber ants, it is more spring when you are worried. It is necessary to turn the tomb mat into heaven and earth, dance before the song and sleep before the flower. From his downfall in Tao Tao, it's better to wake up, do nothing and be haggard. These works are all reflections of Su Shi's complex thoughts, including words of feigning anger after being frustrated in life, and expressions of true feelings assigned by fate. So we can't generalize, we must differentiate.
① Liaoyuan Huang: Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire.
② Huang Tingjian: The Monument and Postscript of the Valley.
(3) Su Shi: Huanxisha swims in autumn waters in Qingquan Temple.
(4) Su Shi: There was a storm at the top of Hu Sha Road on March 7th.
⑤ Su Shi: Ding Fengbo Chongyang.
⑥ Su Shi: "Point crimson lips, Geng Wu, heavy wine, reuse the previous rhyme".
On the ideological content and artistic features of Su Shi's ci. There is a tradition of "poetic rhyme" in the history of literature. When people write words, they should always consider what kind of life, thoughts and feelings can be expressed by using words as a literary form. As for Su Shi, he adopted the method of "taking poems as words" and wrote the themes and themes expressed by others in the form of poems into his own words. Therefore, "Dongpo's poems are quite like Lao Du's poems, and there is nothing to say", which shows a wide range of contents that poets have never shown. The root of Su Shi's ci style innovation is his ci concept and his creative idea of "being unique". Based on Su Shi's view of Ci, this paper discusses several problems in the innovation of his Ci style.
In order to make the aesthetic taste of ci really keep pace with poetry, Su Shi put forward the creative proposition that ci should be "independent", and breaking the "Liuwei" is an important aspect of his ci style innovation.
Su Shi's ci has expanded the scope of expression of ci, which will inevitably bring artistic conception and style innovation to ci. Soon after Su Shi wrote his first bold ci in Jiangchengzi Mizhou, he clearly put forward the problem of "breaking" in his first article on the innovation of ci style: "Jin is a rather small word, although it doesn't taste like Liu, it is also a family." Ha ha. I hunted in the suburbs a few days ago and gained a lot. Let the warriors of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty sing, play flute and drum as a festival, which is quite spectacular. (P 1650) The lyrics were originally intended to be sung by "embroidering beautiful women", "holding delicate fingers and patting fragrant sandalwood" (Ouyang Jiong's "Picking Inflorescences"), but Su Shi's lyrics actually asked Dongzhou warriors to "play flute and drum for the festival" and "sing with their hands" and were complacent about their grandeur. It embodies Su Shi's intention to open up new ci fields, break the popular willow flavor in ci circles and advocate a masculine ci style.
Here, Su Shi put forward two aspects of his own ci style innovation: one is "standing" and "being a family"; The second is "broken" and "no taste of Liu" It is worth noting that Su Shi regards "Liuqilangwei" as the opposite of "a natural family", which shows that he attaches importance to breaking the "Liuqilangwei". For this passage of Su Shi, Liu Xizai's "Yi Yi Ci Qu Lu" in Qing Dynasty pointed out that Su Shi was a "close but rather small word" and "a person who wanted to be a poet but could not. However, if you try to laugh at Qin Shaoyou's Fang, you will know what it means if you study Liu Qi's syntax "(P 108). Liu did not explain the meaning of "Yi", but from the following three aspects, we can still see what Su Shi's "Yi" is. First look at the formula of "Liuqilangwei" itself. Song people are known for their deeds, which are mostly used by their peers or younger generations, but generally not for venerable people and elders, otherwise they will be regarded as disrespectful. Liu Yong is Su Shi's predecessor. When Su Zan wrote Liu Ci, he called it Qi Qing, and the word was unnamed. When denouncing Liu Ci, he called it "Liu Qi". Therefore, "Liu Wei" is not a general term for Liu Yong's ci style as some commentators say, but actually a derogatory term. Secondly, as we all know, Liu Yong's ci can be divided into elegant ci and vulgar ci. Su Shi once said: "Everyone says that Liu Chiqing's ci is vulgar, but it is like' first frost is cold and tight, the river is cold, and the residual photos are buildings'. Although the Tang people are beautiful, they are just so." (P35) "Klang Ganzhou" has both scenes and high rhyme, which belongs to elegant ci. It can be seen that Su Shi highly praised the elegance of Liu Yong's ci, and his "Liuwei" can only be aimed at the popular ci style inherited from the Five Dynasties. In Song Yuwenbao's "Continued Blowing Sword Record", there is a written record: "Dongpo has a good song on Yutang Day, because he asked: What is my word like Qing? Yes: in Langzhong Ci, seventeen women held red teeth and sang' Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue'; The bachelor's degree must be Kansai Hanchuo iron plate, singing' River of No Return'. It is definitely down. " (P49) Zeng's "Gao Zhai Shi Hua" said: "If you travel less, you will see Dongpo. Dongpo said: I didn't mean to say goodbye, but I learned Liu Qi's lyrics! Travel less: Although some people have no knowledge, they are not as good as others. Dongpo said:' forget me at this moment', isn't it Liu Qi? " (P497) It shows that Liu Yong's ci is full of feminine beauty, while Su Shi's ci is rich in Fuyang and rigid, which also reflects Su Shi's breakthrough and innovation in traditional ci style. Thirdly, Liu Yong's slang words are often vulgar in thought and language. Judging from Su Shi's own works, the language in Dongpo Yuefu, such as Man Fang Ting ("the snail horn in name only") and Ru Mengling ("scales never interfere with each other"), is quite vulgar. Moreover, according to Qin Shaoyou in the previous episode of Tiaoxi Fishery Talk, Qin Guan has the word "stirring up a sad sound", among which the words "feeling healthy, catching up with bed, getting drunk in the vast number of people" are also quite vulgar, while Su Shi "loves his words". This situation shows that Su Shi is not blindly opposed to vulgarity; His dissatisfaction with Liu Yong's slang words naturally lies in the vulgarity of his ideological content. To sum up, Su Shi's "six-seven-lang flavor" refers to the vulgarity, inferiority and brilliance of Liu Ci, which is mainly manifested in slang words. He summed it up with "Liu Wei" and expressed his disdain and negative attitude; He said that his "spectacular" word "home" didn't have the flavor of "Liu", which indicated that he wanted to establish a new style of ci outside it and create a new road. This is where Su Shi's "meaning" lies. If the Book of Yu Zijun shows that Su Shi took "Liuwei" as the opposite of the innovation at the beginning of the innovation of ci style, and took breaking "Liuwei" as an organic part of the innovation, then the content contained in Gao Zhai Shi Hua shows that he still did so in the later period of the innovation.
Su Shi's view of Ci poetry shows that he is more conscious whether he breaks the "willow flavor" or establishes a "natural style". These two aspects constitute the basic content of his ci style innovation. Therefore, he thinks that "Liuwei" is the opposite, but it represents the vulgar, colorful and cheap style of ci. Judging from the reality of the ci circle at that time, it was also related to the greatest influence of Liu Ci's "hiding the metric system and making the best use of it" at that time. The appearance of Liu Ci marks the development of Song Ci to an important stage. However, it failed to break through the barrier that "Ci is a colorful subject". In a sense, it can be said that it breeds the elegant and colorful style of ci. So it represents the past of Song Ci, not the present. In this case, if Su Shi wants to innovate his ci style, it will inevitably conflict with Liu Wei. Subjectively speaking, Su Shi may just want to break the "Liu Wei" itself at first, but objectively, his impact on "Liu Wei" will inevitably impact the gaudy and delicate ci style since the early Song Dynasty, which has a broader and far-reaching significance. Although, with the deepening of innovation and the development of understanding, Su Shi gradually expanded the scope of innovation from "Liuqilangwei" to "Xiaoyan", his position against "Liuqilangwei" was firm.
The historical significance of Ci is undoubtedly the most popular proposition in the comments on Su Ci by ancient and modern scholars. Soon after Su Shi's ci came out, some people quickly and keenly felt that these works were very different from those of the previous generation and the poets at that time, so many comments appeared, among which Chen Shidao's four words "Poetry as Ci" in "Poems on Houshan" were the most accurate. This debate reveals the fact that Su Shi's ci poetry is moving towards traditional poetry, and the boundary between ci poetry and traditional poetry is disappearing initially. The reason why he can "take poetry as a word" is that he has a different view from the traditional popular word "another family" in the relationship between words and poems. He believes that "micro-words turn around and cover the descendants of poetry" (P 1943). His profound knowledge came from the ancients and contemporaries, and he persisted in practice and innovation, which opened up a new world for Song Ci.
His main ways to innovate the style of ci are: seeking ci based on poetry, writing ci with the skill of writing poetry, and taking poetry as ci. Su Shi's "Poetry as Ci" is actually based on the innovation of Ci style, with innovation as the main way. Taking poetry as a word will inevitably lead to changes in the content, techniques, language and style of traditional "small words"; Naturally, it will expand and strengthen the scope and ability of writing to reflect reality and express ideas, which is also of great significance to improving the status of writing. It can be said that one of the important reasons why Su Shi's ci style innovation has made great achievements and exerted great influence is that he found the correct way of "taking poetry as ci" in how to innovate. "Su Shi broke the idea that poetry is superior to poetry for the first time in theory" (P77). He thinks that poetry is homologous, and the word "descendants of poetry" (P40-49). In Su Shi's view, poetry, like poetry, can be used to show the rise and fall of society and history, and to show the writer's mind and life experience, instead of indulging in drinking and singing blindly. For example, his Mid-Autumn Festival poem "Water Melody" expresses his true feelings for his brothers and sisters and his persistent attitude towards life through looking at the moon, and also reflects the author's positive and optimistic spirit of being philosophical and self-sustaining in adversity. Hu Zai commented in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua: "The Mid-Autumn Festival words came out from Dongpo [the head of the water diversion song], and the rest were abandoned." It shows the success of Su Shi's reform with poetry as the theme and the social recognition of Su Shi's reform achievements. Su Shi himself praised Cai's "new words, this ancient poem is also long and short" (with Cai Yishu) when he said the famous sentence in Liu Yong's "Eight Tones in Ganzhou" (P77). Because in the innovation of ci style, he promoted ci to the same position as poetry from the stylistic concept, "this provides a theoretical basis for the close relationship between ci and poetry and realizes the mutual exchange and infiltration between ci and poetry" (P77).
Dongpo's ci has expanded the expression range of ci, brought about the innovation of artistic conception and style, and opened up the realm of ci, which is the main direction of Su Shi's ci style innovation. In expanding the content and theme of Ci, Su Shi's Ci can describe actions, trips, visits, festivals, dreams and people. In short, Su Shi can write them in words. It can be said that in Su Shi's works, words are used with ease. You can choose what to write and how to write a word freely because of the author's temperament, talent and experience. In a specific creative individual, words should have no restrictions on function and use. In this way, the word has been diverted from the narrow path of simply responding to the song and supporting the music, the scope of application of the word has been broadened, and the door diameter of the word has been widened, which has become the style of "protruding out, naturally unable to draw in the song". This has realized the theory of poetic isomorphism from the practical operation, and provided a ready-made reference for the compatibility of poems and words in later generations. In terms of developing the realm of ci, he expanded the traditional words expressing women's gentleness into words expressing men's lofty sentiments, and changed the traditional words expressing only love into words expressing temperament, so that ci can fully express the author's temperament embrace and personality as always. For example, Yuan Feng's five-year-old book Rain on Shahu Road fully shows his open-minded and optimistic spirit. The book Jiang Shenzi Hunting in Mizhou, written in Mizhou, shows his great ambition to gallop on the battlefield and die for his country. "Su Shi let people with ideals, enthusiasm and vitality walk into the world of Ci with their heads held high, which changed the original feminine artistic conception of Ci and set a precedent for the new poets in the Southern Song Dynasty" (P78). From the expansion of content and theme to the innovation of artistic conception and style, it laid a solid foundation for the success of Su Shi's ci style innovation, and also provided conditions for his bold and unconstrained ci to remain immortal in the future.
References:
[1][3][7] Liu Xizai's Introduction to Art Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1978.
[2] Collected Works of Su Shi, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1986.
[4][5] Tang Guizhang's "Three Hundred Notes on Song Ci" Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979.
[6] Guo Shaoyu's Lost Collection of Song Ci, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1980.
[8] [10] [11] [12] Yuan Xingpei's History of China Literature/Volume III Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1999.
[9] Fang's History of China's Ci Criticism' China Social Sciences Press, 1994.
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