Wu Zetian (624~705) was the queen of Li Zhi, Tang Gaozong. Later, she changed the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty and became an emperor herself. She is the only female emperor in the history of China. She has been in power for decades, and has made great contributions to maintaining the prosperity and unity of the Tang Dynasty and promoting the prosperity of social economy and the development of culture and art. 14 years old, Wu was called into the palace by Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, and was named "Wu Mei". After the death of Emperor Taizong, he entered Ganye Temple for Nepal. Tang Gaozong acceded to the throne and called Wu Shi into the palace to worship Zhao Yi. She had a harem conflict with the queen and the king at that time. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Wu was made queen. Wu Zetian is intelligent, knowledgeable and resourceful. Shortly after Wu Zetian became queen, due to the weakness of Emperor Gaozong, she was sometimes entrusted to handle certain political affairs, which made her more and more powerful. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), Emperor Gaozong was called "Emperor", Wuhou was called "Queen of Heaven" and the palace was called "Two Saints". In the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong died, Prince Li Xian succeeded to the throne, and Wu Zetian succeeded to the throne. In February 684, Wu Zetian abolished Li Xian as king of Luling, made four sons Li Dan emperor and continued to be king of the DPRK. In September of the same year, she changed her flag to gold, and Luoyang, the eastern capital, was renamed Shendu. On the ninth day of September in the first year of God-given (690), Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, changed his country name to Zhou, and made Li Dan his successor. Wu Zetian worshiped Buddhism, built temples, built Mingtang, built Shu Tian and cast Jiuding, which wasted a lot of manpower and material resources. In her later years, she was ambitious and extravagant, spending a lot of money and labor. Their favorite male concubine, Zhang Changzong and Zhang Yizhi are arrogant. Wu Zetian reused Wu Chengsi, Wu Sansi, Wu Youxiu, Wu Youning and others, and made Wu Zongren king. Minister Ji Chuanti and others are very concerned about the choice of heirs. Wu Zetian also felt that as a woman, she could only go to the Li Family Ancestral Hall to enjoy the sacrifice of her children after her death, so she accepted the advice of her liegeman and welcomed Li Xian, the king of Luling, and was re-established as a prince in the first year of victory (698). In the first month of the first year of Shenlong in Wu's later years (705), Zhang Jianzhi, Huan, Cui Xuan, Jing Hui and others joined forces with Li Duozuo, the general of Youyulin, to launch a coup, killing them, forcing them to abdicate and welcoming the restoration of Zhongzong. Zhongzong was honored as the Great Sage Emperor, and later called her "Wu Zetian". He died in the same year 1 1 month. Wu Zetian's first contribution to the historical development was that she attacked the conservative aristocrats. After Wu Zetian was made queen, Sun Chang Wuji, Chu Suiliang and others who opposed her as queen were driven out of the court one by one and exiled to remote areas. For Wu Zetian, it was an example, but these Guanlong nobles and their families had become a conservative force with vested interests at that time. Driving them out of the political arena marked the end of the aristocratic rule in Guanlong for more than a century since the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and also created favorable conditions for social progress and economic development. The second is to promote economic development. In twelve suggestions, Wu Zetian suggested "persuading farming mulberry and paying tribute". After he took office, he compiled the Chronicle of Zhaoren and sent it to all counties as a reference for county officials to persuade farmers. She also pays attention to local bureaucrats and strengthens supervision over landlords and officials. A more tolerant policy is also adopted for farmers who fled from the merged land. Therefore, during the reign of Wu Zetian, the society was quite stable, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce all developed by leaps and bounds. The registered permanent residence increased from 3.8 million in the third year of Tang Gaozong Yonghui (652) to 6 1.5 million in the first year of Tang Zhongzong Shenlong (705), with an average annual increase of 0.72 1%. This is a very high growth rate in the Middle Ages, and it is also an objective data reflecting the economic development of Wu Zetian. The third contribution is to stabilize the border situation. After Wu Zetian came to power, the frontier was not peaceful. Four towns in Anxi were captured by the Turks in the western regions, and Tubo continued to attack the Tang Dynasty in Qinghai. Once surrendered to the north, and fought with the Qidan in the northeast all the way to the Turkic rebellion in central Hebei. On the one hand, Wu Zetian organized a counterattack, restored the four towns of Anxi, repelled the attacks of Turks and Qidan, and set up military towns to station troops in border areas, and extended the practice of reclaiming land in Qinghai in the last years of Emperor Gaozong to Zhangye, Wuwei, Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia, Jimsar, Xinjiang and other places. Adopt a moderate cultural policy and accept the development of multiculturalism. Wu Zetian wrote a book to praise Lou Deye who made great contributions in field work. In particular, the book pointed out that the grain of soldiers in northern towns was "salty for several years" because of reclamation of farmland. The fourth contribution is to promote the development of culture. When talking about the imperial examination system, Shen Jiji, a person from the Tang Dynasty, said: "The empress dowager is quite involved in literature and history, and she is good at carving small insects." Empress Dowager Cixi has been alive for more than 20 years. At that time, officials worked hard and achieved their goals by articles. After a long time, immersion has become a common practice. These words of Shen Jiji contain rich contents. First, Wu Zetian attached great importance to the imperial examination and opened a wide range of records. Once, she was planning to try the imperial examination, so she went to the examination room and presided over the examination. Second, at that time, the examinations for Jinshi and system subjects were mainly about examination, that is, application. The quality of articles is the main criterion for admission. Third, Wu Zetian doesn't look at family background, and doesn't ask if you are a descendant of a senior official, but only asks if you have political talent. Therefore, special attention should be paid to selecting senior officials from those who were born in the imperial examination. There are more and more senior officials from the imperial examination. This greatly aroused the enthusiasm of poets to take part in imperial examinations, and also aroused the enthusiasm of ordinary people to study and study. This is what Shen Jiji called "immersion". The social atmosphere of "father teaches son, brother teaches brother" and "five-footed boy is ashamed of words" began in the period of Wu Zetian. It is the popularization of culture that promotes the all-round development of culture. Famous poets and writers Cui Rong and Li Qiao both appeared in this period. Sculpture and painting have also reached an unprecedented level. I hope I can help you!

Wu Zetian has a humble but good policy, which is to allow women to take the imperial examination. Ancient women did not have the opportunity to study, that is, talented women could only do cultural embellishment and made little contribution to society. They became the lower class in society and completely succumbed to male chauvinism. We can look at the modern world of * *, or the past of India. A society where people are forbidden to study and gender discrimination is deeply rooted is not only unfair, but also produces various tragedies. Chaos is crazier. Women account for about half of the population, and gender discrimination makes them in a potential slavery state. A society that suppresses half of the people's operation is to suppress half of the development forces. Women's participation in the imperial examination initiated a small revolution, which changed people's idea that women's reading was useless or even harmful. This influence is slow, but this epoch-making reform is indeed constructive and far-sighted.

China10k/trad/history/4/42/42c01/42c01kloc-0/Wu Zetian is a woman, but her talent is by no means inferior to that of any male emperor in history. Under her rule, China still rose politically, economically, culturally and militarily. People often say, "Women hold up half the sky. Wu Zetian once propped up the whole sky and stood on the whole ground for fifty years, and was worthy of being a woman, a Chinese, an English and a woman. During the Kaiyuan period of China10K/TRAD/History/4/42/42D/42D0101and the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, we used to call a beautiful era the "golden age" because gold is a kind of precious wealth. This era has also appeared in the history of China, such as the heyday of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the flourishing age of Kaiyuan in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan is the year number of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong reigned for forty-four years, the year before was called Kaiyuan (7 13-74 1), and the year after was called Tianbao (742-756). During the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong made remarkable achievements, which was called "the rule of Kaiyuan" in history. This is the period when the social economy and national strength reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty. It inherited the rule of Zhenguan and the achievements of Wu Zetian, and made the national strength of the Tang Dynasty reach its peak. Chiculture// frame? Id=/sweb0 109 Comments on Zetian, the only female emperor in China, can be described as strange girl. For a long time, people have different opinions on her, and there are different opinions. Looking at the comments over the past 1000 years, it is roughly: Wu Zetian still maintained a respected position when his sons Sun Zhongzong, Zong Rui and Xuanzong were in power. In Li Bai's poem "Ascending to Heaven", "China has seven sages", and Wu Zetian is still one of them. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Li and Tang Dynasties gradually declined, and the so-called "female big disaster" became more and more popular. In the Song and Ming Dynasties, with more and more preaching, the world's evaluation of Wu Zetian was even worse. In the fifth year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (1060), Ouyang Xiu and others wrote the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, saying that "since the Emperor Gaozong, the marquis of Wu had been famous all over the world" and "changing the title of the country after the throne" was a great sin. But it is still a biography of Wu Zetian, which means to follow the Spring and Autumn brushwork: "No, it is not true, so evil is not hidden." Wu Zetian was severely criticized in Zi Jian edited by Zhu. Li Zhi, a thinker in Ming Dynasty, separated Wu Zetian's private morality from his political achievements, and his comments were unique. However, Amin Zhang Qian listed "female pet" as the first of the "Three Disasters in Tang Dynasty". In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wang Fuzhi was even more cynical. He vented all his hatred of national subjugation on Wu Zetian, calling her "lust for murder" and "heinous". Different from the attack and curse on Wu Zetian by the literati in Song Dynasty, the common people have another kind of homesickness, which can be seen from the memorial service of Ganling "Wordless Monument" and Zetian Temple in Guangyuan, Sichuan.