[Abstract] This paper first briefly expounds the meaning of logistics distribution in e-commerce, then reveals the important role of logistics distribution in e-commerce, and finally analyzes the problems existing in logistics distribution under e-commerce, and puts forward corresponding solutions.
[Keywords:] e-commerce logistics distribution
First, the meaning of e-commerce logistics distribution
Logistics distribution under e-commerce is information, modernization and socialization, which means that logistics distribution enterprises use networked computer technology, modern hardware technology, software system and advanced management means to deliver goods to all kinds of users strictly and faithfully according to their requirements to meet their needs for goods. Logistics distribution in e-commerce environment mainly has the following characteristics: improving the operation efficiency of logistics, simplifying logistics links, reducing logistics costs, meeting individual needs, and promoting the development of logistics distribution to informationization, automation and intelligence.
Second, the important role of logistics distribution in the development of e-commerce.
Data show that 95% of China's products are consumed in warehousing, loading and unloading, transportation and other links from production to sales to users, and the average logistics cost is as high as 50% of the total cost. In 2006, China's logistics cost accounted for about 18.6% of GDP. A series of data show that China is backward in logistics, and backward logistics will inevitably become the "bottleneck" problem of e-commerce.
E-commerce = online information transmission+online transaction+online settlement+logistics distribution. This formula reflects that a perfect business activity consists of four flow processes: information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics. Information flow, business flow and capital flow can be easily realized through the internet, and information transmission or transfer of commodity ownership can be completed. But the most important part of e-commerce is to realize the transfer of physical objects, which must also rely on logistics. The disconnection between logistics and other commercial activities will restrict the effective operation of e-commerce, hinder enterprises from providing customers with the most satisfactory service, make customers lose trust in enterprises, and finally choose a more traditional and conservative business model. Therefore, the success of logistics distribution is directly related to the success or failure of e-commerce and is an important measure of e-commerce.
Third, today's e-commerce logistics and distribution problems
1. The government and enterprises have not paid enough attention to e-commerce logistics.
E-commerce in China is still in the primary stage of development, and its function is mainly limited to information exchange. The interdependence and mutual promotion between e-commerce and logistics have not been widely recognized by the society. In particular, some government departments and enterprises think that logistics is transportation, and their understanding of logistics still stays at the traditional freight and warehousing level. Therefore, while people attach importance to e-commerce, they seldom pay attention to the logistics distribution system under e-commerce, which limits the rapid, efficient and convenient play of e-commerce.
2. The logistics distribution infrastructure suitable for e-commerce is not complete, the management means are backward and the logistics technology is not perfect.
After years of development, China has made some progress in transportation, storage facilities, information and communication, goods packaging and other logistics infrastructure, but overall, the logistics infrastructure is still relatively backward, the planning and construction of various logistics infrastructure lacks necessary coordination, the logistics infrastructure has poor matching and compatibility, and lacks system functions. Problems such as the management of distribution center, the optimization of logistics management mode and operation mode also need to be solved urgently. The imperfect service network and information system have seriously affected the accuracy and timeliness of logistics distribution services, thus hindering the development of e-commerce.
3. There is a serious shortage of logistics and distribution talents.
Whether logistics practitioners have a certain level of logistics knowledge and practical experience will directly affect the survival and development of enterprises. Due to the late start of logistics in China, the education of logistics distribution is still quite backward. Only a dozen colleges and universities offer logistics courses and majors, and vocational education related to logistics is also very scarce. The perfect logistics education system and personnel training system have not yet been established. The lack of logistics talents has become an important factor hindering the development of logistics industry.
4. The system, policies, regulations and logistics management system related to logistics distribution are not perfect.
The development of any economic activity must be restricted and guided by the corresponding legal system and management system. In China, the legal system of e-commerce logistics distribution is almost blank. Without a unified development plan, this legal system and policies and regulations not only cause huge waste of resources, but also cause unreasonable layout of logistics facilities and reduce the operational efficiency of logistics systems.
Fourthly, the countermeasures to solve the logistics distribution problem under e-commerce
1. Give play to the role of the government in promoting the development of logistics.
The government should support and help the construction of e-commerce logistics distribution system in terms of policies and funds. In view of the current decentralized management of China's logistics industry, from the government's point of view, we should first start with the management department, establish an organization or authoritative organization and coordination organization to manage the national logistics in a unified way, and this organization will undertake the organization and coordination function and organize various departments to create conditions for the unified and centralized management of the logistics industry. Secondly, the government should establish the general goal of the development of the logistics industry, take the government as the leading factor, guide enterprises to increase their investment in the logistics industry, formulate a unified logistics development plan, learn from international logistics development experience and combine with China's actual economic level, establish a scientifically distributed logistics infrastructure, change the current unreasonable layout of the logistics industry, and on this basis, establish a logistics entity network in China to lay the foundation for improving the overall development level of the logistics industry. Finally, to create a good social environment for the development of e-commerce, the government should strengthen investment in transportation modes and information networks to ensure the smooth flow of traffic and information and form an electronic logistics distribution system for the whole society.
2. Realize the socialization and industrialization of logistics distribution system.
The key to socialization and industrialization of logistics distribution system is to establish a logistics center suitable for the development of e-commerce. There are four ways to establish a logistics center: self-construction, reconstruction, co-construction and agent construction. At present, enterprises generally adopt joint construction and agency construction, but joint construction enterprises can use the original storage and transportation equipment to reduce investment, reduce logistics costs and improve distribution efficiency. The agent logistics center, also known as the third-party logistics, refers to the operation mode that enterprises entrust suppliers or distribution centers to complete logistics services on their behalf, so that enterprises can concentrate on their core business.
3. Carry out extensive logistics training and education to cultivate high-quality logistics management and technical personnel.
In cultivating high-quality logistics talents, we should first pay attention to it in the government education department, and focus on establishing a multi-level and complementary talent training system including junior college education, logistics vocational education, enterprise post education and continuing education in social training institutions. Secondly, to speed up the logistics education project in colleges and universities, the government education department should encourage colleges and universities to explore the curriculum of logistics specialty according to their own characteristics, promote the training of various forms of logistics talents, and finally vigorously develop vocational education, such as offering logistics vocational education or training courses.
In addition, in order to adapt to international development, it is necessary to improve China's laws, regulations, systems and policies, and step up the establishment and promotion of logistics standardization system, which has also become the top priority of China's logistics development.