First, the way to get the best thesis topic
The first is the topic selection. Topic selection is the key to success or failure of thesis writing. Because choosing a topic is the first step in writing a graduation thesis, it is actually to determine the question of "what to write", that is, to determine the direction of scientific research. If "what to write" is not clear, "how to write" is impossible. Let's talk about the way to get the title of the paper first.
A bachelor's thesis is written by a qualified undergraduate. The graduation thesis should show that the author can accurately grasp the basic professional knowledge learned in the university stage, learn how to comprehensively use the learned knowledge for scientific research, and have a certain understanding of the topics studied. The scope of the topic of the paper should not be too broad. Generally, one side or a difficult point of an important subject should be chosen to avoid the topic being too small, too old and too long. As far as specific topics are concerned:
1. Choose a subject you are interested in and have expertise in.
2. Looking for topics in unknown areas and unknown areas.
3. Be good at finding new ways and choosing innovative topics.
4. Choose a topic that can find enough reference materials.
5. Seek the opinions of tutors and experts.
6. Be good at using the library; The automation and networking of libraries provide convenient conditions for readers to choose topics.
Whether students choose their own topics at will or in the designated topics announced by the school, they should insist on choosing practical topics with scientific value and practical significance. Choosing the right topic is half the battle for graduation thesis.
First, we should insist on choosing topics with scientific value and practical significance.
Second, we should choose practical topics according to our own abilities.
Second, the general procedure of the research topic
After choosing the topic, the next job is to study the topic. The general procedure of the research topic is: collecting data, researching information, clarifying arguments, selecting materials, and finally writing, revising and finalizing.
First, the basic work of the research topic-collecting data. Students can collect information by consulting materials in libraries and reference rooms and conducting field research. The more specific and detailed the information collected, the better. It's best to list the bibliography and detailed plan of information you want to collect. First of all, when consulting materials, we should be familiar with and master the classification of books, be good at using bibliographies and indexes, and skillfully use other reference books, such as yearbooks, abstracts, catalogues, charts, etc. Secondly, doing on-the-spot investigation and research can obtain the most authentic, reliable and abundant first-hand information with clear purpose, clear object and clear content. Survey methods include: general survey, key survey, typical survey and sampling survey. The methods of investigation are: meeting, interview and questionnaire.
Second, the key work of the research topic-research data. Students should fully browse the collected materials and adopt different reading methods for different materials, such as reading, selective reading and research.
Full-text reading refers to reading the full text, selective reading refers to reading useful parts and contents, and learning refers to reading the contents related to the research topic comprehensively, conscientiously, meticulously, deeply and repeatedly. Think positively in the process of learning. We should use the arguments, arguments, argumentation methods and research methods in books or papers to arouse our own thinking, and use our eyes, hands and brains to exert our imagination and make new creations.
When studying the data, we should also make records of the data.
Third, the core work of the research topic-clarifying arguments and selecting materials. On the basis of studying the data, students put forward their own views and opinions, and establish basic arguments and sub-arguments according to the topic. Put forward your own views and highlight new ideas. Innovation is the soul, and you can't just repeat predecessors or follow others' advice. At the same time, we should also prevent the tendency of being greedy for perfection, fearing incompleteness and repeating existing knowledge in large sections, so as not to reflect the characteristics and achievements of our own research.
Select materials according to the established basic arguments and sub-arguments, which are formed on the basis of studying the collected materials. Organizing materials should pay attention to mastering scientific thinking methods and paying attention to the logical relationship and primary and secondary relationship before and after materials.
Fourth, the key work of the research topic-writing. Students should pay attention to the following two aspects when writing: quasi-outline and basic format.
Draw up an outline, including the topic, basic arguments and content outline. The content outline includes major events, middle events and minor events.
Special emphasis should be placed on drafting a writing outline. Writing outline, similar to Zhang Jianshe's blueprint, can help the author outline the framework or outline of the whole paper, reflect his initial thinking after digesting materials and logical thinking, plan what to write first, what to write later, how to express it coherently, where to focus, and where to make some comments or explanations. Writing according to this plan can make the paper clear in level, coherent in content and closely expressed.
Basic format: General graduation thesis consists of title, abstract, text and references. The title should be direct, specific, eye-catching and concise. In other words, the main points in the paper should be put before the main body of the paper, which is convenient for readers to read, so it should be concise. The text is the core content of graduation thesis, including introduction, theory and conclusion. The introduction mainly explains the reason and significance of studying this topic, and should be written concisely. To make the topic of discussion clear and specific, sometimes it is necessary to write some historical review and current situation analysis, and what supplements, amendments or developments I will have, and briefly introduce the argumentation methods. This part is the main body of the paper, which expresses the author's research results and mainly expounds his own views and arguments. In this part, we should use sufficient and powerful materials to explain our own views and accurately grasp the internal relationship between the levels and paragraphs of the article. A long paper often adopts the method of combining reasoning (that is, the writing method of gradually expanding one argument to another) and sub-argument (that is, juxtaposing several sub-arguments subordinate to the basic argument and discussing them one by one). The conclusion part is the conclusion part of the paper. It is necessary to write the results of the demonstration in a consistent way, and at the same time write the prospect of the research, and mention the problems that need further discussion or possible solutions. Reference refers to some articles or materials studied in the process of writing a paper, and the main ones should be selected and listed at the end of the article.
Fifth, the guarantee of research topic-revision and finalization. Through this link, we can see whether the writing intention is clearly expressed, whether the basic arguments and sub-arguments are accurate and clear, whether the materials are properly used and convincing, whether the arrangement and argumentation of materials have logical effects, whether the structure of large and small paragraphs is complete and natural, whether the sentences and words are correct and appropriate, and whether the article conforms to the norms.
In a word, writing graduation thesis is a complex thinking activity, which is really difficult for students who lack writing experience. Therefore, everyone should "study and study, practice and practice" and ask the instructor modestly.
Third, the standard format of graduation thesis
1. Title: accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.
2. Contents
A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper.
3. Summary:
It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Keywords or subject words
Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".
Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).
5. Text of the document:
(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.
(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:
A. Questions-arguments;
B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;
C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;
D. conclusion.
Step 6 refer to
Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".
English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date)
English: Author-Title-Publication Information
The requirements of the listed reference documents are:
The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.
(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.
Fourthly, the conception of thesis writing.
1. The idea should focus on the theme.
In order to make the paper clear, it is necessary to make the full text have a running line, which is the theme of the paper. Theme is the essence of an academic paper, which embodies the author's academic views and opinions. The influence of the paper on readers is mainly realized through its theme. So before writing a paper, we must focus on the theme and serve the theme. As the French painter Miller said, "The so-called conception refers to the art of transmitting one's own thoughts to others". This article is very important.
2. conceive the layout of the paper and strive for a complete and unified structure.
When designing a thesis, it is sometimes found that it needs to be written in chronological order, and sometimes it needs to be written in geographical position (space) order, but it still needs to be written in logical relationship, that is, it needs to conform to the internal relations and laws of objective things and the logic of scientific research and understanding things. But no matter what the situation is, it must be reasonable, coherent and complete. Sometimes, there are several writing schemes that need to be compared. In comparison, with the deepening of thinking, writing ideas will go through a process from complex to simple, from complicated to clear clues. At this time, it is necessary to seize the opportunity of epiphany and determine a better plan in accordance with the spirit of "decisive decision" of the ancients.
3. Do reader analysis.
The ultimate goal of writing and publishing any scientific article is to make others read it. So it is required when designing. Quot reader-centered ",do more reader analysis. With a clear audience, we can effectively explore ideas and successfully determine the angle of conception, material selection and expression. Generally speaking, readers can be divided into professional readers, non-professional readers, leaders in charge or heads of scientific and technological institutions, and people have different requirements and evaluation criteria for scientific and technological articles. For academic papers, their readers are professional readers. Therefore, the idea is to meet the needs and development of the specialty, determine the depth and breadth of materials and expressions, and clarify the focus of the paper. If a paper contains several topics of different importance, the author should distinguish between primary and secondary topics and consider how to transition from secondary topics to main topics in order to arouse the interest of professional readers.
Five, the general principles of dissertation
1, the argument is objective and original:
The basic ideas of the article must come from the analysis and research of specific materials, and the questions raised have certain theoretical or practical significance in this professional field, and I have put forward my own certain cognition and opinions through independent research.
2. These arguments are informative and conclusive:
This paper can be widely quoted and confirmed in many ways, and the arguments used are subjective and indirect. The materials used in the paper should be well-founded, accurate, reliable and accurate.
3. The argument is rigorous and logical:
The author puts forward, analyzes and solves problems according to the development law of objective things, and the whole paper forms an organic whole, which makes the judgment and reasoning orderly and seamlessly connected.
4, clear posture, labeling specifications:
The paper must form the structural pattern of the full text with the formation of arguments, form a complete whole with the contents of multi-party argumentation, and embody the whole article with profound theoretical analysis. In addition, the overall structure and labeling requirements of the paper are standardized and appropriate.
5, accurate language, concise expression:
The most basic requirement of the paper is that readers can understand it. Therefore, the article is required to be clear, clear, profound, thorough and concise. References:
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