The discussion on the outsourcing operation of dairy cold chain logistics is collected by Xiaoke Paper Network through the network and released by the staff of this station. Discussion on the Operation of Dairy Cold Chain Logistics Outsourcing is a high-quality academic paper, which can not be used for other commercial purposes. The copyright of the paper on outsourcing operation of dairy cold chain logistics belongs to the original author. Due to the network arrangement, the authors of some articles are unknown. Please forgive me. If you need to reprint, please indicate the source network of the paper. If this paper can't satisfy your paper.
On the basis of introducing two different core supply chain modes in dairy cold chain, this paper analyzes the outsourcing motivation and existing risks in dairy cold chain outsourcing operation, and then discusses the ways and significance of third-party logistics participating in cold chain logistics integration, and summarizes several ways of integrating third-party logistics resources.
Keywords: dairy cold chain logistics; Outsourcing; Integration; third part logistics
China Library Classification Number: F273 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1002-3100 (2008) 09-0051-03.
This paper introduces the supply chain mode of dairy cold chain, and analyzes the motivation and risks of dairy cold chain outsourcing. Furthermore, the mode and significance of third-party logistics participating in the cold chain of dairy industry are discussed. This paper summarizes several integration modes of third-party logistics.
Keywords: cold chain of dairy industry; Outsourcing; Integration; Third party logistics (3rdPartyLogistics)
Introduction to 0
The so-called "dairy cold chain logistics" refers to the logistics based on refrigeration technology and by means of refrigeration technology, so that the milk of origin can always maintain the low temperature conditions required by dairy products in the whole process of storage, processing, transportation, distribution and retail. With the rapid development of dairy market in recent years, the low-temperature market has gradually become a new bright spot for dairy enterprises to develop cold chain operation after the competition in normal temperature market has become popular. China has a vast territory, and the main milk sources are far away from the milk consumption market. Milk is perishable food, and products such as fresh milk and yogurt are easy to deteriorate if they are not stored, transported or preserved at low temperature. In China, raw milk, production and processing are all within 24 hours, and the whole logistics process requires low-temperature refrigeration equipment. With cold chain logistics, we can connect and shorten the distance between production and marketing and smooth the passage of milk into the city. It is a high-tech cryogenic system engineering.
1 Dairy cold chain supply chain model
1. 1 supply chain model with dairy production enterprises as the core.
In the supply chain system of dairy cold chain, producers are the weakest link. Because the farmers are scattered, the degree of organization is low, and they are in an asymmetric weak position in the supply chain reaction, we can establish an integrated supply chain integration model with dairy enterprises as the core, milk source acquisition and storage from dairy farmers to dairy stations, transportation and processing from dairy stations to dairy enterprises, and distribution and sales from dairy enterprises to retail enterprises. In this mode, dairy enterprises have strong market power, which can ensure the stability of production activities, provide support for farmers in terms of funds, technology and means of production, and ensure the supply of raw materials for dairy enterprises. Through the organization of farmers, we can improve production efficiency and reduce production costs through economies of scale. The process of supply chain integration is to promote the coordination of upstream and downstream links through the internal integration of dairy enterprises and the improvement of information level, and finally form a unified supply chain management platform. Supply chain management platform includes inter-enterprise interest liaison mechanism, unified strategic objective management mechanism and supply chain performance evaluation mechanism.
In the relationship between dairy enterprises and dairy farmers, milk stations are generally used as transit points, and the rights and obligations of both parties are stipulated in the form of contracts. With less investment, you can have a stable raw material base, which is much lower than the cost of establishing a new production base yourself. At the same time, it can also ensure the mechanized milking of fresh milk and the quality of milk source, and also embodies the essence of supply chain reaction integration. In this mode, the quality of dairy enterprises has become the key to the success of the supply chain. In supply chain integration, the main task of supply chain management is given to dairy enterprises, which increases their management costs and risks. Dairy enterprises should not only manage production, but also engage in complex issues such as acquisition, storage and transportation. If the internalization of this logistics function cannot be effectively and scientifically managed, it will easily lead to diseconomies of scale. From this perspective, the introduction of information technology and management ideas is the key to supply chain management integration. On the other hand, dairy enterprises should attach importance to the development of core business, outsource non-core business and reduce logistics costs.
1.2 Supply chain model with logistics center as the core
Due to the different dairy products consumption markets and the constraints of the effective economic radius and target consumption market of dairy products production enterprises, many large dairy products enterprises have established logistics centers corresponding to their markets in different places. Dairy logistics center can realize rapid and efficient distribution of dairy products and consumer markets, reduce circulation links and improve market responsiveness. Through the effective logistics radiation of logistics center, dairy enterprises can seamlessly connect retailers and consumers, and complete the integration of supply chain system by establishing dairy logistics center. Dairy logistics centers generally use advanced electronic information technology to contact dairy enterprises. According to the market demand of the radiation area of the logistics center, dairy enterprises arrange the inventory and category of products in the logistics center, and the logistics center arranges the inventory according to the sales plan and the delivery according to the sales order. Dairy logistics center is generally developed from a large-scale freezer, with supporting functions such as loading and unloading, packaging, distribution and processing, and equipped with a perfect logistics information platform, making the logistics center a core link connecting production tools, processing and retail. General logistics center has two forms. One is that dairy enterprises choose suitable areas and places to establish logistics centers based on frozen warehouses, such as Mengniu's logistics center in Maanshan; The other is to use the existing local cold storage to establish a logistics center, such as the logistics center of Bright Dairy in Lukou, Nanjing. The establishment of these two models has assumed the market layout and distribution functions of dairy enterprises in this region. The logistics center not only provides logistics distribution services, but also is responsible for product marketing and customer management. In order to ensure the effective coordination between processing and distribution, a perfect supply chain management platform must be established between logistics centers and dairy enterprises. Under this supply chain model, dairy enterprises must have strong control over the logistics center. Logistics center should optimize and integrate dairy supply chain from the aspects of improving customer service level, organizing supply chain resources around core enterprises, adopting advanced logistics supply chain management methods, establishing information sharing incentive mechanism and platform, and establishing coordinated supply chain partnership for interest integration.
2 cold chain logistics outsourcing operation
2. 1 Dairy cold chain logistics outsourcing motivation
Cold chain logistics is of great significance to dairy enterprises. At present, the management level of third-party logistics enterprises is not enough, coupled with the problem of integrity, which often reduces the service level intentionally or unintentionally, making it difficult for users to monitor the service quality on the way. In order to ensure the quality, most professional dairy enterprises want to transport by themselves, and the willingness to outsource logistics is not very high. Even if it is outsourced, it is mostly short-distance distribution and route transportation outsourcing in some areas, which requires high technology and quality. But the disadvantages of doing so are obvious, and the operating costs of enterprises have increased. With the disorderly development of dairy industry in recent years, dairy wars have been staged constantly, and the profit rate of dairy enterprises has decreased year by year, and most dairy enterprises have entered a loss period. According to the statistics of dairy industry in 2005, less than a quarter of enterprises in the whole industry made profits. Reducing logistics operation cost, focusing on core business, improving supply chain management and enterprise operation efficiency, improving enterprise flexibility and responding to market demand quickly have become urgent problems for dairy enterprises. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the annual growth rate of frozen and refrigerated food consumption will reach more than 8%, and the cold chain products in supermarkets and hypermarkets will account for more than 20% of sales. The public has also put forward higher and higher requirements for the protection of food hygiene. Therefore, the market demand of cold chain logistics is broad, and the critical scale needed to establish third-party cold chain logistics enterprises has also begun to reach in some big cities. Compared with the self-operated logistics of dairy enterprises, many third-party logistics service providers have good transportation and distribution networks at home and abroad, and are more experienced and professional in organizing enterprise logistics activities.
Through the outsourcing of logistics business, dairy enterprises can reduce the necessary investment in cold chain logistics facilities such as cold chain transportation equipment and freezer, so as to invest more funds in the company's core business. By outsourcing to a third-party logistics service provider, enterprises can concentrate their time and energy on their core business, which improves the efficiency of supply chain management and enterprise operation. Through outward resource allocation, dairy enterprises cancel the independent inventory and transportation owned by dairy enterprises and users, thus dispersing the risks brought by government, economy, market, finance and other factors, promoting the optimal combination of resources, increasing the flexibility of supply chain, and making enterprises more adaptable to changes in the external environment. At present, the competition between dairy enterprises mainly lies in the competition of time and speed. The cold chain logistics of dairy enterprises is outsourced to a third-party logistics service provider, and its advantages of specialization and scale effect can quickly respond to customer needs and improve customer satisfaction.
2.2 Dairy cold chain logistics outsourcing risk
Although the cold chain logistics outsourcing of dairy products has become the inevitable trend of dairy enterprises in the future, there are still some risks, such as the risk of insufficient control over logistics outsourcing, the risk of outsourcing dependence and the complexity of logistics outsourcing itself.
( 1)
The discussion on the outsourcing operation of dairy cold chain logistics is collected by paper net and Xiaoke and released by the staff of this station. The discussion on the outsourcing operation of dairy cold chain logistics is a high-quality academic paper for the reference of our visitors and cannot be used for other commercial purposes. The copyright of the paper on outsourcing operation of dairy cold chain logistics belongs to the original author. Due to the network arrangement, the authors of some articles are unknown. Please forgive me. If you need to reprint, please indicate the source network of the paper. If this paper can't satisfy your paper. Risk of insufficient control of logistics outsourcing: The logistics outsourcing of dairy enterprises often makes it impossible for enterprises to directly control the cold chain logistics function, to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of supply logistics or sales logistics, and is likely to lose control of dairy products or services, thus increasing the uncertainty of normal production of dairy enterprises and affecting the quality of customer service and the maintenance of long-term customer relations. When some dairy self-operated logistics enterprises are transforming into third-party logistics enterprises, their business ability is reduced, which can not meet the increasingly high logistics service requirements of customers, thus reducing the quality of logistics service and affecting the main business development of dairy enterprises. For example, a few years ago in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, there was a safety incident in which students drank milk food. After investigation, it was found that the problems all appeared in cold chain transportation. First, the trunk temperature of the cold chain milk truck is not up to standard, and the refrigeration system of the milk truck is out of order, resulting in the trunk temperature from Guangzhou to Yangjiang being above 12℃ for a long time. 2. After leaving the cold chain, low-temperature dairy products will be piled up in the sunshine in the outdoor corridor for a long time (nearly 3 hours). Without the protection of the cold chain, the milk deteriorated and dozens of students suffered. The root cause of this incident lies in the lack of control over logistics services after outsourcing.
(2) Risk of outsourcing dependence: Long-term dependence on third-party logistics service providers will have potential benefits for capital investment and efficiency improvement of dairy enterprises, but it will often give up the development of its own logistics expertise, and at the same time, it will breed complacency among third-party logistics service providers, making it difficult for dairy enterprises to control. For example, during the peak period of dairy logistics from June to August, due to the large customer demand, dairy production enterprises often need logistics service providers to overfulfil their tasks, but the logistics service providers will determine the route and volume according to the profitability, which makes dairy production enterprises bear unnecessary logistics costs.
(3) The complexity of logistics outsourcing. Due to the complex characteristics of the logistics system of dairy enterprises, especially under the modern logistics operation system, the requirements for all links are very high, so when implementing logistics outsourcing, it is likely to be contrary to the original intention of reducing costs and increasing core competitiveness, leading to the outsourcing of logistics activities that dairy enterprises may form new competitiveness and competitive advantages.
2.3 Third-party logistics integration of dairy cold chain way and significance
Dairy industry is a special industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, which combines the primary industry (agriculture and animal husbandry), the secondary industry (food processing industry) and the tertiary industry (circulation, logistics, etc. ), including many links. There are many industrial links, which means more competition points, complicated processes and complicated management. So the strength of any link may make an enterprise, and the weakness of any link may also make an enterprise decline because of the barrel effect. As the protagonist of dairy logistics outsourcing, third-party logistics can integrate the dairy cold chain in the following ways:
2.3. 1 Strengthen enterprise informatization construction and establish and improve information systems.
At present, there are two main reasons for the lack of information in the circulation of products suitable for cold chain logistics in China. On the one hand, because the producers' own quality is generally low and their geographical distribution is uneven, they can't fully grasp the product circulation information and can't arrange and organize production according to the circulation information. On the other hand, because the production of dairy products is generally regional, the supply and demand of products often conflict, which leads to the inability to accurately grasp the supply and demand information. Sellers also urgently need logistics information to determine the variety, quantity and source of the required products. As the node of cold chain logistics, third-party logistics enterprises should use their own information systems to connect upstream and downstream to meet their own information needs. Third-party logistics enterprises should actively adopt contemporary advanced information technology. For example, EDI technology realizes the rapid exchange of information, EFT technology realizes the rapid payment of funds, barcode technology realizes the rapid input of information, and e-commerce technology realizes online transactions. At the same time, the third-party logistics enterprises should make full use of advanced information technology means such as computer telephone integration, geographic information system, wireless interconnection technology, global positioning system, and logistics management technologies such as optimized distribution scheduling, dynamic supervision, intelligent transportation, and optimized storage configuration, select excellent logistics management information systems suitable for cold chain logistics and meet customer needs, and introduce high-quality information talents to conduct information training for employees.
2.3.2 Improve customer service level and customer satisfaction.
Irregular market price war is what every third-party logistics enterprise does not want to see. Third-party logistics enterprises should not only formulate an industry self-discipline agreement, but also jump out of the strange circle of price war. More importantly, they should start from themselves and win customers with high-level services. Third-party logistics enterprises should establish the concept of customer first. As a strategic partner of the third-party logistics, every customer should be a key customer of the enterprise, and should have the same attitude towards every customer, and should not be partial. Third-party logistics enterprises should meet every customer's every order by integrating social resources. Third-party logistics enterprises should provide personalized services with strong pertinence according to the different requirements of customers in corporate image, business process, product characteristics, customer demand characteristics and competitive demand.
2.3.3 Establish strategic alliances and seek multi-win results.
Third-party logistics enterprises are in the cold chain logistics supply chain and should have the same interest goals as upstream and downstream enterprises. If the members of the supply chain change frequently, it will reduce the competitiveness of the supply chain, so all partners should establish a stable strategic alliance based on the principle of multilateral win-win. First of all, third-party logistics enterprises should take customers as the center, provide high-level services, and make customers get more profits. Secondly, dairy enterprises can't blindly ask third-party logistics enterprises to reduce their prices, otherwise the normal profits of logistics enterprises will be lost and the service level will be discounted, which will affect their own interests. Thirdly, the partners can share in each other's shares and consolidate the foundation of interest integration. Only in this way can all partners achieve win-win results and maintain a stable strategic alliance.
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