From the perspective of building materials, before the emergence of modern architecture, all mature building systems in the world, including Indian buildings belonging to oriental architecture, were basically built with masonry as the main building material, belonging to the masonry structure system. For example, the pyramids in Egypt, the temples in ancient Greece, the Colosseum and aqueduct in ancient Rome, and the churches in medieval Europe were all built of stones, which are historical witnesses left in this "Stone History Book". Only China's classical architecture (including neighboring Japanese and Korean areas) is a house with wood as the main frame, which belongs to the wood structure system, so it is known as "the history book of wood". The choice of materials in Chinese and western architecture is not only due to different natural factors, but also the result of different cultures and ideas, which is a universal reflection of different ideas in architecture. The primitive economy dominated by hunting in the west has created a primitive mentality of valuing things over people. From westerners' affirmation of stones, we can see the rational spirit of seeking wisdom and truth, emphasizing that in the relationship between man and nature, man is the master of the world, and his strength and wisdom can overcome everything. China's economic model based on primitive agriculture created an activity model that emphasized selection, collection and storage in primitive civilization. China's traditional philosophy, which developed from this, preached the world outlook of "harmony between man and nature". "The Unity of Heaven and Man" reveals the relationship between man and nature. Nature and man are closely linked as a whole, and man is a link in nature. China people choose wood as the basic building material, which is the result of attaching importance to its affinity with life and its character and life.
(2) The differences in architectural space layout reflect the differences in institutional culture and personality characteristics between China and the West.
Judging from the spatial layout of buildings, the buildings in our country are the spatial pattern of closed groups, which are scattered on the ground plane. No matter what kind of buildings in China, from residential houses to palaces, they are almost a pattern, similar to the "quadrangle" model. The architectural beauty of China is a kind of "collective" beauty. For example; Beijing Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ming Tombs and Confucius Temple in Qufu are all huge buildings with many courtyards. All kinds of buildings are arranged in a regular way, which embodies the introverted characteristics of China's ancient social structure, patriarchal ideology and ethical code system. Contrary to China, western architecture is an open and single spatial pattern, which develops towards high altitude. Compared with the Louvre in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing, newly built and expanded in similar years, is a magnificent building complex composed of thousands of single houses, forming a series of courtyards around the axis, with an extremely huge plane; The latter uses the upward expansion and vertical superposition of "volume" to form a towering and magnificent whole from a huge and changeable body. Moreover, from the polis of ancient Greece and Rome, colonnades, doors and windows were widely used to increase information exchange and transparency, and buildings were surrounded by external space to highlight the physical image of buildings. This is related to the frequent exchanges between westerners through the sea and the implementation of slave democracy in society. The extroversion and scientific and democratic spirit of ancient Greece not only influenced ancient Rome, but also influenced the whole western world. At the same time, if the buildings in China occupy the ground, then the buildings in the west occupy the space. For example, the Colosseum in Risim, Rome is 48 meters high and the Pantheon is 43.5 meters high. In the medieval Hagia Sophia, the dome of its central hall was 60 meters above the ground. St Peter's Cathedral is the most brilliant work in Renaissance architecture, with a height of137m. This building in Zhuang certainly reflects the westerners' enthusiasm for worshipping the gods, and more importantly, it gives people a spiritual force to strive for progress with advanced scientific and technological achievements.
(c) The different development of architecture shows different attitudes towards innovation between China and the West.
Judging from the development of architecture, China architecture is conservative. According to documents, the architectural forms and materials used in China have not changed for 3000 years. Different from China, western architecture is constantly changing, and its structure and materials have undergone rapid evolution. It has been more than 2500 years since the first temples appeared in the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. During this period, the architectural forms of ancient Europe have been constantly developing and changing. Great changes have taken place in image, proportion, decoration and spatial layout, from the classical columns in ancient Greece to the arch and dome technology in ancient Rome, from the spike, cross arch and flying pile technology in Gothic architecture to St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome during the European Renaissance. This reflects the spirit of westerners who dare to find a new way and be brave in innovation.
(4) The differences in architectural values show the differences in aesthetic concepts between China and the West.
Judging from the value of architecture, China's architecture focuses on information, while western architecture focuses on physical objects. The structure of ancient buildings in China depends not on calculation, quantitative analysis and formal logic, but on the way that the master leads his disciples, teaches by example, practices and experiences. Most of our knowledge of ancient buildings, especially those before the Tang Dynasty, is obtained from literature. The mausoleums and residences of emperors in past dynasties all operated according to the theory of geomantic omen and the principle of mutual development and mutual restraint of the five elements. In order to achieve harmony with everything in the world, to avoid disasters, to make money, and to get happiness, settlement buildings are built on mountains and face Pingchuan with the power of mountains and rivers. This kind of "looking up at astronomy and looking down at geography" is a unique culture in China. Geometric aesthetics and mathematical logic initiated by Pythagoras and Euclid in ancient Greece, rationalism of "unity" and "order" and "theory of harmonious beauty" laid by Aristotle have had a decisive influence on the structure of the whole western civilization. The fate of all science and art depends on this concept. Turning over the history of western architecture, it is not difficult to find that the configuration consciousness of western architectural beauty is actually a geometric form; The shape of the Parthenon in Athens "line of control" is two squares; From the dome of the Pantheon to the ground, a sphere with a diameter of 43.3 meters can be embedded; The "line of control" of Milan Cathedral is a regular triangle, the facade of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris is a square, and its central arch and "line of control" are two whole circles. Even like landscaping,