1. Select marking experts: according to the research field and theme of the paper, select experts in related fields as marking experts to ensure that they have certain qualifications and research experience.

2. Formulate grading standards: the grading standards should match the theme and research field of the paper, be clear, specific and operable, and ensure the objectivity and comparability of the grading results.

3. Grading: Grading experts grade papers according to established grading standards, usually using quantitative grading methods, such as 100 scale and 5 scale.