Question 2: How long can hepatitis B live? Will it affect life expectancy? With hepatitis B, some people can live a long life, but some people have liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer, and their life expectancy is reduced. How long patients with hepatitis B can live depends on their immune function and genetic factors, as well as their daily life style, psychological state and the success of treatment. If patients have a good lifestyle, a positive attitude and receive correct treatment, their condition may be blocked, their life and study will not be disturbed, and their life expectancy will be the same as that of ordinary people. Age at the time of infection is the most important factor affecting chronic disease. In perinatal period and infancy, 90% and 25%~30% of HBV infected people will have chronic infection, while only 5 ~ 10% of infected people after 5 years old will have chronic infection. The natural history of HBV infection in infants can generally be artificially divided into four periods, namely, immune tolerance period, immune clearance period, inactive or low (no) replication period and reactivation period. Immune tolerance period: characterized by positive serum HBsAg and HBeAg and high HBV DNA load (often >; 106 IU/mL, equivalent to 107 copies /mL), but the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is normal, the liver histology has no obvious abnormality and can last for years or even decades, or there is mild inflammation and necrosis, and there is no or only slow progress of liver fibrosis. Immune clearance period: serum HBV DNA titer >; 2000 IU/mL (equivalent to 104 copy /mL), accompanied by continuous or intermittent elevation of ALT, moderate and severe inflammatory necrosis and liver fibrosis in liver histology can progress rapidly, and some patients can develop cirrhosis and liver failure. Inactive period or low (non-) replication period: HBeAg negative, anti-HBe positive, HBV DNA continuously below 2000 IU/mL (equivalent to 104 copy /mL) or undetectable (PCR method), normal ALT level, no or only mild inflammation in liver histology; This is the result of immune control of HBV infection. At this stage, the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in most patients is greatly reduced. In some patients who were negative for several years, the spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion rate was 1 ~ 3%/ year. Re-active period: some patients in inactive period may have 65,438+0 or more hepatitis attacks, most of which are HBeAg negative and anti-HBeAg positive (partly due to low or no expression of HBeAg due to pre-C region and/or BCP mutation), but there are still active replication of HBV DNA and persistent or repeated abnormal ALT, which makes them become chronic hepatitis B with HBeAg negative. These patients may progress to liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B, and some patients will spontaneously disappear (with or without anti -HBs) and decline. At this stage, a few patients can restore HBsAg positive state (especially the immunosuppressive state such as chemotherapy). Not all people infected with HBV will go through the above four stages. Only a few newborns infected with HBV (about 5%) can spontaneously clear HBV, and most of them enter the immune clearance period after a long immune tolerance period. However, most adolescents and adults infected with HBV have no immune tolerance period, but directly enter the immune clearance period. Most of them can spontaneously clear HBV (about 90% ~ 95%), and a few (about 5% ~ 10%) develop into HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion mainly occurs in the immune clearance period, and the annual incidence rate is about 2%~ 15%, among which the age is less than 40 years, ALT is elevated and HBV gene is infected. There is little or no progress in liver fibrosis in patients with immune tolerance, and the immune clearance period is the high incidence period of liver cirrhosis. The cumulative incidence of liver cirrhosis is positively correlated with persistent high viral load, and HBV DNA is a risk factor that can independently predict the occurrence of liver cirrhosis except HBeAg and ALT. High risk factors of liver cirrhosis include alcoholism, HCV, HDV or HIV infection. Patients without cirrhosis rarely occur in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The annual incidence of liver cirrhosis is 3%~6%. HBeAg positive and/or HBV >:& gt；;
Question 3: How long can hepatitis B live? Hepatitis B virus carriers cannot be regarded as patients with liver disease. Moreover, hepatitis B virus is not contagious, but only transfected. Injecting hepatitis B vaccine against non-infectious hepatitis B virus itself violates the principle of immunology. Therefore, it is not how often the hepatitis B vaccine should be injected, but that it is not necessary at all. Talking about the history of hepatitis B virus can make the problem clear.
1963, Australian doctor Bloomberg found something called surface antigen from a hepatitis patient. Later, in 197 1 year, a British researcher named Dan scanned the serum of hepatitis patients with an electron microscope and found that a large bubble was covered with a small bubble, which was wrapped with such a small circular DNA. Then he took another photo and sent it. However, it is very inconvenient for hepatitis patients to be examined by electron microscope, which leads to the relatively easy use of antigen-antibody testing methods in hospitals, which is also commonly known as the dichotomy test, which is essentially the same as the blood group test. Note that there is a premise that is often overlooked, that is, earlier doctors met "patients" who were obviously uncomfortable and needed help, that is, treatment. Hepatitis B virus was found in hepatitis "patients" with uncomfortable symptoms. Today, physical examination has become popular, and many units organize some healthy employees every year, in other words, healthy people without uncomfortable symptoms to have physical examination. From these healthy people, through antigen-antibody analysis, we also found "hepatitis B" patients with no inflammation of the liver. The diagnosis result of this physical examination obviously contradicts the objective facts. However, as a new phenomenon, medicine always needs to give a definition and explanation. Therefore, for people who have a physical examination, or people who have no symptoms of hepatitis in essence, the "virus" positive reaction found in this population by antigen-antibody detection method can not be called hepatitis B patients, but can only be called hepatitis B virus carriers. This definition or explanation is far from "hepatitis".
When the detection method based on antigen-antibody principle was introduced to China in 1970s, it was found that as many as ten healthy people would encounter a hepatitis B "patient". According to the understanding of medical theory at that time, if there is hepatitis B virus in the human body, it does not mean that the liver has inflammation. How terrible it is that one in ten healthy people is a hepatitis patient! However, it can be proved that this understanding is completely wrong at present. Because of the popularity of "1992" in China's health examination, a large number of healthy people with no inflammation of the liver were found, and they are now called hepatitis B virus carriers.
For example, you may easily understand that everyone has bacteria in their nasal cavity. It can be said that everyone is a "bacterial carrier", but can it be concluded that everyone is a rhinitis patient? The so-called hepatitis B virus is found in patients with hepatitis, and hepatitis is the premise. But healthy people's liver is not inflamed, and there will be no uncomfortable manifestations of liver inflammation. What big three yang or small three yang can not be used for physical examination to diagnose liver inflammation, such as premarital examination. Simply think again. If there is any discomfort, I guess I will definitely go to a tertiary hospital to see a doctor first and let the doctor solve this discomfort, right? Who will go to a health care hospital for premarital examination when they are not feeling well? Isn't the difference between a disease state and a healthy state that the former is uncomfortable? Think again that the principle of two and a half tests is the same as checking blood type. On the other hand, if you are type A blood, that is, A antigen positive, can you diagnose what disease it is? For people with O blood, both A and B antigens are negative. Can you say that people with type O blood are healthier than people with type A or B blood? Then what infection will happen if antigen A or B is positive? These are all common sense questions. I think you can simply get the correct answer.
However, this was not the case when hepatitis B virus was discovered earlier. At that time, the doctor wanted to explain why there were so many people in China. At that time, it was understood that positive surface antigen meant that there was hepatitis B virus in the body. So there are many deviations in the formulation of policies. For example, pre-marital examination found that hepatitis B virus carriers did not issue health certificates, so-called hepatitis B virus carriers had to be treated and cured, that is, they could only issue health certificates after the surface antigen was positive and negative. Of course, in those days, you couldn't even get married without a health certificate. Then there is the food industry, such as Meals.
Question 4: How long can chronic hepatitis B patients live? The treatment principle of chronic hepatitis B is to give priority to adequate rest and nutrition, supplemented by appropriate drugs to avoid drinking, overwork and drugs that damage the liver.
Question 5: How long can hepatitis B carriers live = = Hello; Hepatitis B virus carriers may die, but generally hepatitis B carriers do not affect their life span, but they may die from other diseases or accidents. In this case, it is suggested to pay attention to rest, avoid fatigue, regularly check the content of hepatitis B virus, liver function, color Doppler ultrasound of liver and gallbladder, and avoid alcohol and tobacco.