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Types, causes and protective measures of environmental pollution
As we approach the door of the century, the footsteps of the future are faintly discernible. Facing the challenge of modern basic education in the 2 1 century, Nanyang model middle school has clearly set up the banner of "personality education". The history of Nanyang model middle school for nearly a hundred years tells us that we must educate people first. Only by combining knowledge with non-intellectual factors such as personality, will and value orientation can we cultivate a sound personality and select useful talents. Personality education refers to the education of people who promote students' personality subjectivity and socialization development. As a way of "quality education", personality education should be paid attention to in modern school education. The destruction of the harmonious relationship between human beings and the environment is caused by human blind behavior. To change this deteriorating relationship, it depends on the conscious action of the awakened people. Therefore, changing the relationship between people and the environment through environmental education should become an important content of personality education. 1. Caring for human living environment is the goal of personality education, and environmental awareness, social morality and practical behavior are the important contents and goals of personality education. Nanyang Model Middle School takes "managing the family diligently, respecting teachers and valuing morality" as its motto, and has trained patriots and national useful talents from generation to generation. Now, take it as the basic requirement of students' personality quality and give it new meaning and spirit of the times. Among them, "respect" is not only to respect teachers, but also to educate students to have two kinds of "love" spirits, that is, to love the socialist motherland and the socialist cause. Everyone can't live without his motherland, and he should have a strong professionalism in his career. This includes asking students to fulfill their responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment, because only by respecting nature first will nature "respect" people and serve them effectively. People's transformation of nature should combine immediate local needs with long-term and overall needs, and combine meeting people's needs with promoting the development of nature. At present, environmental morality has become an important part of every citizen's ideological quality and healthy personality. Therefore, the personality education of Nanyang Model Middle School runs through the "caring education" for students at different levels-caring for themselves, others, the collective, the prosperity and development of the world and the earth (population, resources and ecological balance) on which we live. Combined with the "seven noes" standard of Shanghai residents, the "seven noes in school" standard is put forward. Combined with the evaluation activities of "Samsung" team members, the Young Pioneers Brigade designed the Young Eagle Program to carry out environmental publicity, investigation and education activities. In a word, the combination of environmental awareness and school curriculum, and the combination of environmental responsibility and daily behavior norm education are the basic measures for Nanyang demonstration middle schools to carry out environmental education in a targeted manner. Second, the setting of "environmental protection" in the current middle school curriculum system. Personality education recognizes people's positive and all-round development. In the limited school time, the school is first of all a place to systematically learn subject knowledge, while intelligence and character, teaching and education are "skin-to-skin" relationships, not a separate formal shell. Nanyang Model Middle School, as always, regards "the first classroom" as the main channel to realize comprehensive personality education. Therefore, we incorporate the content of environmental education into three personality goals (intentional goal, cognitive goal and behavioral goal), and require that the knowledge content of environmental protection be added to the compulsory courses. Through environmental education, students should first form a correct and scientific understanding of the relationship between man and the environment. Recognizing that man is the son of nature, not just the conqueror of nature, and that there is a fate and interdependence between man and the environment, we should set up a new viewpoint, that is, we should protect the environment while making rational use of it, especially the consciousness of "sustainable development". In a word, the harmonious relationship between man and environment is called "the greatest cause in the future", and the expectation of this new century is bound to be born in the basic curriculum of middle school students today. At present, environmental education in Nanyang Model Middle School has penetrated into more than ten subjects, such as Chinese, politics, English, labor skills, biology, geography, chemistry, physics, mathematics, music and art. , and opened an elective course with the theme of "environmental education". The teaching and research groups have planned to discuss environmental education and open classes. The school regards environmental infiltration as one of the indicators for the evaluation of the teaching and research group, and requires teachers to write papers on environmental infiltration, evaluate and reward them in the school, and send excellent papers to participate in the performance evaluation held in World Environment Day in 1996. Especially in biology, chemistry, physics and other disciplines, teachers organically combine environmental protection knowledge in teaching, experimental demonstration, drug disposal, classroom discussion and homework assignment, so as to achieve a trickle, let the trickle water students' hearts and improve students' environmental awareness and personality quality. Of course, people's active and all-round development determines that it can not only rely on the traditional "first class" and "lecture hall", but must be influenced by more full teacher-student communication and more dynamic experience. Therefore, in addition to the "first class", we attach great importance to extracurricular activities of environmental education. The school has set up extracurricular activity groups such as "atmospheric monitoring" and "water quality testing" to conduct animal and plant experiments and environmental protection research. Through these activities, students can enhance their environmental awareness and improve their basic skills in scientific research. Third, social practice transforms environmental awareness into conscious behavior. Personality education in Nanyang model middle school emphasizes STSD mode in the way of educating people, that is, education linked with the development of science and technology society. It requires school education to be placed in society and closely linked with society, so that students can get in touch with society and understand society from an early age, enhance their sense of social responsibility of taking the world as their own responsibility, and promote the formation and development of sound personality. The school encourages students to actively participate in social practices such as "Shanghai Environmental Science Seminar", "National Hundred Biological Activities", "Shanghai Future Design", "Shanghai Mother River-Huangpu River Water Quality Survey" and "STS Role Playing Activities" to improve their ability and personality in social practice. In recent years, almost all the topics that our students won in the national and Shanghai environmental competitions were selected from the hot environmental issues in Shanghai. After a period of social investigation or experiment, sort out the original records, draw scientific conclusions through analysis, and write scientific papers. Such as that design and manufacture of pollution-free pneumatic vehicle, the health hazards of passive smoke, the biological assessment of water eutrophication in park shanghai, the design of cartoon trash cans, the food structure in Shanghai today and tomorrow, the tide of migrant workers, the climate in Shanghai today and tomorrow, the need for a small room and a more solid garden, and so on. Recently, high school students in our school are carrying out the topic of "rational use of land" and conducting social investigation activities from the perspective of STS. At the same time, our school attaches great importance to relying on social forces to get support from all sides for environmental education. In recent years, we have contacted East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical University, Xuhui District Environmental Protection Bureau and other units, invited experts and professors from the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Tongji University to give special reports on "Man and Environment", "Water Quality and Health", "Environmental Status and Future" and "Environment and Development", and hired experts from Shanghai Medical University as off-campus science and technology counselors to lead students to visit Greater China Rubber Factory, Synthetic Washing Factory and other places. Due to the support of these units, four. Conclusion With environmental protection being included in the overall goal of personality education in schools, environmental education in our school is developing in the direction of institutionalization and regularization. In the first half of each year, publicity and education activities are carried out in combination with Arbor Day in March, Bird Love Week in April, Earth Day in June and World Environment Day in June. Organize teachers and students to visit summer camps in Ningbo and other places in summer; In the second half of each year, the "Science and Technology Festival" highlights the characteristics of environmental protection, combines the publicity and education of environmental protection knowledge with the improvement of scientific and technological awareness and quality, and combines it with moral education such as learning from Lei Feng to do good for the society, establishes a youth green protection team, blocks the green space inside and outside the school, and carries out green protection activities, which has achieved good social and educational effects.