Ascariasis is a common parasitic disease of cats, especially young cats. The pathogen is Toxoplasma carinii.

[Pathogen] The adult is similar to Ascaris canis in shape, except that Ascaris felis has a short and wide neck and wings, and the terminal suddenly contracts. The appearance of the two neck wings is pear-shaped, and the male insect has a long intersecting thorn. Male worms are 30 ~ 70 mm long and female worms are 40 ~ 120 mm long. Eggs are 70 microns by 65 microns. Eggs are excreted with host feces, and develop into infectious eggs after 10 ~ 15 days. After cats eat infectious eggs and enter the small intestine, the larvae in the eggs escape, migrate through the intestinal wall, lungs and trachea, and then return to the small intestine to develop into adults. If infected eggs are eaten by transport hosts such as earthworms, cockroaches, birds and rodents, they can form cysts in the tissues of these animals and survive, but they do not develop. After cats eat these transport hosts, the larvae escape in the intestines and develop and mature through the above process. There are no reports of intrauterine infection.

【 Symptoms 】 Larval migration can bring in bacteria, causing peritonitis and even septicemia, liver injury and worm pneumonia. On the one hand, the intake of animal nutrition by adults will cause malnutrition, emaciation and anemia; On the other hand, it can mechanically stimulate animal diarrhea, vomiting and obstruction; It also releases toxins, causing neurological symptoms.

[Diagnosis] The diagnosis can be made according to clinical symptoms, combined with sanitary conditions, insects in feces or eggs detected in feces.

[Treatment] There are many anti-ascaris drugs. Here are some commonly used insect repellent drugs. (1) Piperazine formate (Quyiling) 40 ~ 60mg/kg body weight, orally 1 time, 2 days.

(2) Albendazole (enterotoxigenic clearance) is taken orally once per kg body weight 10 ~ 20mg.

(3) mebendazole (5 ~ 10 mg/kg body weight) was taken orally once.

(4) Levamisole (5 ~ 10 mg/kg) should be taken orally after feeding, and once again after 1 week if necessary.

(5) Ivermectin 200 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, subcutaneous injection, the effect is very good.

(2) hookworm disease

The disease is a common intestinal parasitic disease in cats caused by Lepidoptera and Crotalaria nematodes.

[Pathogen] Ancylostoma stenocellata is yellowish, only curved backward, with a well-developed oral sac with half-moon cutting plates on both sides of the front edge of the oral sac. The length of male worm is 6 ~ 1 1 mm. The ribs of the cross umbrella are symmetrical, the two cross spines are equal in length, and the ends are sharp. The female is 9 ~ 16 mm long with sharp and prickly ends. The egg is blunt oval, colorless and contains several egg cells.

Eggs are excreted with feces and can develop into infectious larvae 1 week under suitable temperature and humidity conditions. The main route of infection is oral infection. Larvae can also invade veins through the skin, reach the lungs through blood circulation, enter the digestive tract through the respiratory tract, pharynx and larynx, settle in the small intestine and develop into adults.

【 Symptoms 】 Larvae may have itching, dermatitis and infection symptoms caused by it, and a large number of larvae may migrate to the lungs and cause pneumonia. Hemorrhagic anemia and diarrhea can be seen during intestinal parasitism, malabsorption leads to malnutrition, the total number of white blood cells increases and the proportion of eosinophils increases.

【 Diagnosis 】 According to clinical symptoms, such as anemia, diarrhea, black stool, malnutrition, etc. Combined with fecal floating method to detect eggs, a preliminary diagnosis can be made.

[Treatment] See Ascariasis.

【 Prevention 】 Keep the cat house (cage) clean and tidy, and expel insects regularly.

[Hygiene] Larvae can invade human skin, causing peristalsis and Lloyd's syndrome, which should be paid attention to.

(3) Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cats

It is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infected with cats in bronchioles and alveoli of cats. Cats are the only definite hosts, and rats and other rodents can often be used as transport hosts.

[Pathogen] The pathogen is Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is filamentous and milky white. Male worms are 4 ~ 7 mm long and have slightly different mating spines. The female worm is about 9 mm long, the vulva is in front of the anus, and the tail end is blunt and round. The size of an egg is about 80 microns ×70 microns. The first stage larvae discharged from feces are 360 ~ 400 microns long. The female lays eggs in the alveoli, and the eggs enter the adjacent alveoli to hatch into first-stage larvae, which pass through the trachea to the throat and enter the intestine, and finally are excreted with feces. The intermediate hosts are snails and slugs, and the transport hosts are rodents, birds and amphibians. Cats are infected by eating intermediate hosts or transport hosts. It takes about 8-9 days for the eaten larvae to escape in the intestine, pass through the peritoneum and chest cavity and travel to the lungs. It can mature after about 1 month and survive for 4 ~ 9 months.

【 Symptoms 】 Mild infection usually has no clinical manifestations; Moderate infection can be seen as cough, sneezing, anorexia and shortness of breath; Serious infection is rare, but the symptoms are serious, such as severe cough, dyspnea, emaciation and diarrhea, which often lead to death. Autopsy found that there were 1 ~ 10mm gray nodules on the lung surface, which contained eggs and larvae, and the adults were in the distal bronchioles. There is pleural effusion.

[Diagnosis] According to the symptoms of respiratory tract, the diagnosis can be made if larvae are found by Berman method and eggs or larvae are found in pulmonary nodules at autopsy.

[therapy]

1. The daily dose of levamisole was 100 mg, every other day 1 time, and it was used five times in total. Side effects such as bleeding and vomiting may occur after taking the medicine. Atropine can be injected subcutaneously before taking medicine to reduce side effects.

2. The dosage of benzothiazole is 20 mg/kg body weight, 1 time per day, and 1 course of treatment for five days, and it can be repeated every five days.

3. See Ascariasis for the dosage and usage of ivermectin.

【 Prevention 】 Prevent cats from eating intermediate hosts and transit hosts.

(4) Cat pulmonary capillary nematodiasis

The disease is a parasitic disease of cat respiratory tract (bronchus and trachea) caused by capillary nematodes of lung.

[Pathogen] The adult is small, milky white, with female body length of 1.5 ~ 20 mm, two tails and one mating thorn. The mating thorn has a sheath with small thorns. The female worm is 20 ~ 30 mm long, and the vulva opening is close to the end of esophagus. Oval brown, oval, 59 ~ 80μ m× 30μ m× 40μ m in size, with egg plugs at both ends, and the shell is granular or textured. Female worms lay eggs in the lungs, up to the throat and into the digestive tract. Eggs are excreted with feces and develop into infected eggs in 30 ~ 50 days under suitable external conditions. Animals eat infected eggs and become infected. It takes only 7 ~ 10 days for the larvae to hatch in the intestine, then drill into the mucosa and reach the lungs with blood circulation. Larvae burrow into alveoli and mature here, while adults parasitize bronchioles, bronchi and trachea.

【 Symptoms 】 The main symptom is chronic cough, which is aggravated by severe infection.

[Diagnosis] Eggs are detected in stool and sputum, and combined with clinical symptoms, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. Attention should be paid to the difference between eggs and Trichinella spiralis. Capillary eggs in the lung are small and slender, with obvious pits on the surface.

[therapy]

1. levamisole 5 mg/kg body weight/day, oral administration for 5 days, drug withdrawal for 9 days, and repeated treatment for 2 times; Or subcutaneous injection at the rate of 4.4 mg/kg body weight/day for two days, and subcutaneous injection at the rate of 8.8 mg/kg body weight two weeks later. Please refer to the treatment of cat ascariasis for precautions.

2. See Ascariasis for the dosage and usage of ivermectin.

[Prevention] Pay attention to cleanliness and eliminate susceptible animals.

(5) Taeniasis

Taeniasis is a parasitic disease, which is caused by various tapeworms parasitic in the small intestine of cats.

[Pathogen] Taenia solium parasitized on cats mainly includes Taenia solium, Taenia leguminosa, Taenia albiflora and Taenia trichinoides. Most tapeworms are flat belts. Insect body is divided into head segment, neck segment and body segment, and the number of body segments varies with insect species. Insects vary in length, from a short one to a few meters long and a few meters long.

The life history of tapeworms is complicated, which can be divided into two types: one type only needs one intermediate host, that is, the eggs are excreted and develop into hexagamete larvae, which continue to develop after being swallowed by the intermediate host. Cats are infected by eating intermediate hosts or their organs. Most tapeworms belong to this type. Another tapeworm needs two intermediate hosts. After the eggs are excreted, they develop into hookworm, which develops into protozoa after being ingested by the first intermediate host, and then into sparganosis after being ingested by the second intermediate host. Cats are infected by ingesting a second intermediate host. Taenia spiralis and Taenia albiflora belong to this category. Taenia solium parasitizes in the intermediate host, which is called Taenia solium stage. It is parasitic in the organs of intermediate hosts, which is more harmful to animals than adults, such as cysticercosis and echinococcosis.

【 Symptoms 】 Symptoms are chronic diarrhea and enteritis. Alternating diarrhea and constipation, vomiting, emaciation, growth retardation, anal pruritus. The severity of symptoms is related to the number of parasites, and there are often no obvious symptoms when the number of parasites is small.

[Diagnosis] According to the clinical symptoms, combined with the discovery of perianal segments, the detection of feces, activity environment and eggs in feces, a preliminary diagnosis can be made.

[therapy]

(1) Betel nut methyl bromide 0.4 ~ 1.0 mg/kg body weight, fasted first and then given once. Excessive dosage will cause vomiting and increased saliva secretion. Atropine injection can control this side effect. /kloc-cats under 0/year old, cats with enteritis, heart failure or circulatory disorder are prohibited.

(2) Praziquantel 5 mg/kg body weight, once taken orally, is effective for various tapeworms. This medicine has a wide range of safety and little side effects, and there is no need to fast before and after taking it.

(3) Albendazole 20 mg/kg body weight, administered intraperitoneally, is effective for Echinococcus granulosus in cats.

(4) niclosamide 70 mg/kg body weight, once orally. Fasting before taking medicine 12 hours.

【 Prevention 】 Avoid cats eating undercooked animal viscera, fish, etc. And it is forbidden to feed raw food. Because viscera and fish may contain a variety of tapeworms. Regular deworming.

[Public Health] Some tapeworms, such as Echinococcus granulosus, are human pathogens. When touching animals, special attention should be paid to cleanliness and hygiene, and special care should be taken when handling feces to avoid the transmission of taeniasis to people.

(6) liver fluke disease

Cat liver fluke disease is a parasitic disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis parasitic in the bile duct of cats.

[Pathogen] Clonorchis sinensis is very similar to Clonorchis sinensis in morphology (see canine disease), with a body length of 7 ~ 12mm and a width of 2 ~ 3mm. The mouth sucker is as big as the belly sucker. The testis is divided into leaves, which are arranged obliquely behind the worm 1/4. The egg size is 30×11mm. The first intermediate host is Lepidoptera, and the second intermediate host is freshwater fish.

【 Symptoms 】 When there is a small amount of parasitism, there is no obvious clinical symptom. When the parasitic amount is large, the appetite decreases, the body becomes emaciated, diarrhea, ascites, and sometimes mild jaundice can be seen. Pathological changes can be seen in catarrhal cholangitis and cholecystitis, hepatic steatosis and connective tissue hyperplasia.

[Diagnosis] The eggs in feces were examined by precipitation method.

[therapy]

(1) praziquantel 20 ~ 30mg/kg body weight, taken orally or injected once.

(2) Thibendazole 30 ~ 50 mg/kg body weight, once orally for 3 days.

(7) paragonimiasis

It is paragonimiasis caused by Paragonimus westermani and Paragonimus skrjabini.

[Pathogen] Adults are brown, oval and have short tips on the body surface. The worm is 7.5 ~ 12.0mm long, 4 ~ 6mm wide and 3.5 ~ 5.0mm thick. The egg is golden yellow or brown, oval, with an egg cover at one end. The size of the egg is 80 ~ 1 18 μ m× 48 ~ 60 μ m..

Ascaris excretes eggs in the respiratory tract, reaches the mouth through coughing, swallows into the digestive tract, and is excreted with feces. Eggs hatch into larvae in water, drill into the first intermediate host snail, and after a period of development, leave the snail and enter the second intermediate host crab and echinoderma to develop into cysts. The cat swallowed the second intermediate host and became infected. The migration process of larvae in the body is similar to that of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cats, and it takes 35 ~ 40 days to develop into adults in the lungs.

【 Symptoms 】 Cough, hemoptysis and wheezing.

[Diagnosis] The diagnosis can be made if eggs are found in feces or sputum.

[therapy]

1. thiabendazole 30 ~ 507 mg/kg body weight, once orally, once a day for one week.

2. Praziquantel 20 ~ 30mg/kg body weight, once injected or taken orally.

【 Prevention 】 Prevent cats from eating raw crabs and spiny crabs.

[Public Health] This kind of insect can infect people, but not through cats, but through crabs and thorns.

(8) Isospore coccidiosis in cats

Cat coccidiosis is a parasitic disease characterized by enteritis, which is caused by coccidiosis such as Echinococcus, Echinococcus Richter and coccidia such as cats.

[Pathogen] Isospora coccidia is mainly parasitic in the small intestine of cats, also in the cecum and occasionally in the colon. The size of oocysts is 32 ~ 53 μ m× 26 ~ 43 μ m, which is oval. Its life history is similar to that of Eimeria, that is, oocysts are excreted at will, and spore formation and development are completed within 24 hours or longer at suitable temperature, and cats are infected by swallowing sporulated oocysts. Endogenous development occurs in villous epithelial cells of ileum, sometimes in duodenum and jejunum. The incubation period is 7 ~ 8 days, and the oocyst expulsion period is 10 ~ 1 1 day.

【 Symptoms 】 The main symptoms are enteritis, such as diarrhea, mucus or blood in stool, and dehydration leads to weight loss. Thickening, ulcer and shedding of intestinal mucosa.

[Diagnosis] According to clinical symptoms and fecal floating method, eggs were detected for diagnosis.

[therapy]

(1) chloroguanidine was mixed into the feed at a dosage of 60/ million and fed continuously for 15 days.

(2) Aminoproline was mixed into the feed at a dose of 200 ~ 220 mg/kg body weight and fed continuously for 7 ~ 12 days.

(3) Symptomatic treatment according to the specific situation of cats.

(9) Toxoplasma gondii in cats

Toxoplasma gondii in cats is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii in the palace, which is mostly recessive infection, but there are also cases of symptoms and even death. Cats are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii, and humans, many other mammals, birds, fish and more than 200 kinds of animals are the intermediate hosts.

[Pathogen] The tachyzoite is half-moon, burnt, arched or oval, with a length of 4-8 microns and a width of 1.5-4.0 microns. The nucleus is located in the middle or slightly blunt end. Toxoplasma gondii develops in the intestinal stage of the final host, that is, it forms merozoites, gametophytes and oocysts. In the intermediate host, the external development of the intestine is carried out, that is, trophozoites (tachyzoites) and cysts are formed, and the worms in the cysts are called bradykitoids. Any nucleated tissue cells except red blood cells in the host body will be invaded and multiply mainly in the cytoplasm. Sometimes it will enter the nucleus to reproduce. Cats are both definite hosts and intermediate hosts, so Toxoplasma gondii can cause the above two development modes in cats. The main sources of infection are the egg seams discharged by sick cats and the feed and drinking water contaminated by egg sacs. People and animals can cause infection if they swallow food contaminated by oocysts or animal meat, organs and milk containing tachyzoites and cysts. The mother cat is infected during pregnancy and can infect the fetus vertically through the placenta. In addition, pathogens can infect animals through damaged skin, mucosa and conjunctiva.

【 Symptoms 】 Mild infection is generally asymptomatic. When the infection is serious, fever, hepatitis, pneumonia, anemia, leukopenia, myositis, myocarditis, encephalitis, enteritis, abortion and so on may occur.

[Diagnosis] Diagnosis is mainly made by examining oocysts in feces (intestinal stage) and serological examination of antibodies (systemic infection).

[Treatment] sulfadiazine, 100 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, twice a day for 3 ~ 5 days.

【 Prevention 】 It is forbidden to feed raw or undercooked meat, and cats are not allowed to hunt other animals. Strictly prevent cat feces from polluting drinking water and feed to avoid human infection.

(10) Cat mange

Cat mange is a kind of cat head mange caused by mites in the posterior anus of cats.

[Pathogen] The morphology and life history of cat's dorsal anal mite are similar to those of dog's sarcoidosis, but the main difference is that cat's dorsal anal mite has dorsal anus. Sarcoidosis is mainly infected by direct contact between healthy cats and sick cats, and can also be spread by articles and appliances that are contacted or contaminated by sick cats.

【 Symptoms 】 The parasitic parts are mainly in the ears, face, eyelids and neck, with depilation, erythema and skin thickening. Self-scratching due to severe itching can lead to bacterial infection, which can affect appetite and emaciation in severe cases.

[Diagnosis] A preliminary diagnosis is made according to clinical symptoms. It is necessary to take dander from the diseased part to detect worms. Please refer to canine mange for the inspection method.

[therapy]

(1) ivermectin 200 ~ 400 μ g/kg body weight, injected subcutaneously, and injected again after 7 days.

(2) Take a bath with deltamethrin at a concentration of 50/ million, and take another bath after 7 days.

(3) Take a medicated bath with 2% sulfur lime water, and then take a medicated bath after 7 days.

[Prevention] Use acaricide regularly for preventive treatment.