1On February 3rd, 845, Marx was deported from France and came to Brussels. Here, in addition to continuing to study the works of previous economists, he also read the works of contemporary bourgeois economists and collected information on economics.
Marx intends to write an economic book called "Criticism of Politics and Political Economy". 1845 In February, he signed a publishing contract with Leskey, a publishing house in darmstadt, but this plan failed to come true. Because the authorities asked Marx to write this book as a purely academic work. Marx rejected this unreasonable request. Later, lekkas canceled the contract. However, Marx did not stop studying economics.
Due to his active participation in the actual struggle of the 1848 to 1849 revolution, Marx once interrupted the systematic study of political economy. After the failure of the revolution, Marx came to London again to study political economy. Marx studied very hard. For a time, he went to the British Museum almost every day and read and studied there all day.
From the summer of 1850 to August of 1853, Marx made a lot of excerpts from the works of bourgeois economists, official documents and various periodicals and wrote 24 notes.
1857 the outbreak of the economic crisis prompted him to step up his research work in economics. He predicted that the economic crisis would lead to a new revolution. He should sum up theoretically as soon as possible, arm the working class with the economic knowledge of social development, raise their consciousness and make them clearly understand their revolutionary tasks. He works hard day and night.
From July 1857 to May 1858, in a short period of 10 months, Marx wrote 50 great manuscripts. This can be said to be the manuscript of Capital. It is in this manuscript that Marx expounded the theory of surplus value for the first time and completed his second great discovery after the first discovery-historical materialism.
Marx wrote this manuscript not for publication, but for "finding out the problem by himself". From 1858, he began to write a book Critique of Political Economy on the basis of this manuscript, and plans to publish it in volumes. He wanted to finish the first volume as soon as possible, but it backfired. Because of working all night for a long time, he was overworked and kept getting sick.
The poor life also brought great difficulties to Marx's writing. In order to support his family, he often has to spend a lot of time writing for Tribune Daily and other newspapers to get meager remuneration. This prevented him from devoting his main energy to writing economic works.
1858 In May, he learned from The Economist that the bourgeois economist Jane McClaren published A Brief History of Money. "My theoretical conscience forbids me to write without reading this book." But in the library of the British Museum, it takes months to get new books. And Marx can't afford this book. So the work stopped. He had to ask his close friend Engels for help until Engels sent money.
1858 In August, Marx began to write the first draft of the first volume of Critique of Political Economy. It took him more than five months to write the manuscript, but he couldn't send it because he didn't have any money with him and couldn't afford postage and insurance. Insurance was necessary because he didn't have a copy of the manuscript. In his letter to Engels, he jokingly said: "In such a situation of lack of money, no one can write an article about money!" 1859+ 10 sent the manuscript to the publishing house after receiving two pounds from Engels. The first booklet was published in Berlin in June, 1859. The title of this book is Criticism of Political Economy, Volume 1.
From August 186 1 year to July 1863, Marx wrote 23 notes, which is the second manuscript of Das Kapital. The following year, Marx published a book with Das Kapital as the title and Criticism of Political Economy as the subtitle. "Das Kapital" was thus produced.