1, lead-acid batteries (for electric vehicles) No matter how much electricity is used, timely charging is the best policy. 2. Deep discharge and deep charging: If the lead-acid battery is in an incomplete discharge state for a long time after being used for 7 months, it should be given a chance of complete discharge every 6 months to maintain the activity of the battery plate material. Deep discharge: you can turn on and discharge the headlights of electric vehicles at 1 1: 00 on Friday night (until the headlights don't work). I accidentally slept until eight o'clock in the morning. After completion, check the charger and charge 12- 16 hours. Until the complete discharge can run for a long distance, until the undervoltage protection and automatic cut-off are controlled. 3. Reduce running mileage appropriately in winter and summer. If the battery exceeds the temperature range used in winter and summer, the charging and discharging ability of the battery is limited and the capacity is reduced. 4. During parking, don't store in low temperature environment for a long time or expose in the sun. 5. Replenish the water in the battery. Now manufacturers have changed the sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries into sealed maintenance, which has created conditions for prolonging the life and recycling of lead-acid batteries. Users can go to the local dealer to maintain the battery after the' three guarantees' period, which can extend the battery life by 30% (if there is no condition, they can also supplement distilled water themselves). (1) There are many unfavorable factors for the battery, mainly in the charging stage. 80% of the batteries were not worn out, mainly using the ordinary charger on the car, and the charger was removed after charging for two days. (1) and "two super" discharge stages are mainly that the discharge current exceeds the current for a long time; The second overdischarge is overdischarge, that is, it exceeds the allowable discharge capacity of the battery, which is called "secondary overdischarge" and is very harmful to the battery life. There are "two passes" and "two debts" in the charging stage. (1) "Two passes": the first overcharge (still charging after the green light); The second battery is not used for a long time and is charged irregularly. (2) "two debts": one debt is that the lead-acid battery is short of electricity, and the battery is often short of electricity, and the plate cannot be recovered in time after vulcanization, which is extremely taboo for lead-acid batteries; Another deficiency is the imbalance between the single cells in the battery pack, which leads to the widening gap between the discharge degree and the charge degree of the single cells in a group of batteries, and the under-charge, over-discharge and over-discharge become more and more serious. It affects the life of the whole battery pack and increases its economic expenditure. "Two passes" and "two debts" are the enemies of the battery, which should not be underestimated. However, the "two links" and "two debts" are all caused by people themselves, and the problem is more complicated. There are many reasons, such as selection, use and maintenance, rationality of matching between controller and charger, and timely detection of battery failure. They are interrelated. (2) Other issues needing attention 1. First, the choice of charger must be completely consistent with the battery type, capacity and charging method; The charger must have a protection function to ensure that the battery will not be damaged when it is charged for a long time occasionally. 2. Protection function of the controller Whether the voltage limiting (i.e. under-voltage protection function) and over-current protection function of the controller are timely and effective. If the controller circuit can't cut off the power supply in time under abnormal conditions, the battery must be damaged by overdischarge, or the fuse tube set in the battery box is often blown. 3. Charging on time is different from nickel series and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries are used as power sources. Get into the habit of charging on the same day. No matter how far you ride your bike every day, you should come back full. Never wait for the battery to run out before recharging. The battery must be fully charged before it is stopped for a long time, and then stored in a designated environment. Although it is not used, it should be recharged once a month, which is an important measure to protect and extend the life of lead-acid batteries. 4. If the battery is over-cooked, the reasons may be: a, the load is too heavy, and it runs under heavy load for a long time; B, the resistance of the car body itself, such as axle problems, bearing problems, braking problems, friction between wheels and frame, etc.; C, the slope is too steep; D, the battery capacity is too small; E, motor problems; F, transmission line problems. The small battery capacity is one of the reasons for the overheating of the battery. It is suggested to increase the capacity and reduce the working current.