Mohandas Jing Chand Gandhi 1869 was born in a bureaucratic family in Boer Bondar, northern India. I studied law in England in my early years. 1893 went to south Africa to be the legal adviser of a company of Indian chaebol in south Africa. In South Africa, Gandhi deeply realized the cruelty and rudeness of the British colonial authorities, so he advocated the "non-violent resistance" movement there to fight against racial discrimination. After the outbreak of World War I, he opposed the brutal rule of the British authorities over the colonies, but also supported Britain's participation in the war from the standpoint of the bourgeoisie, and called Indian expatriates to form a volunteer ambulance team in London. 19 15 After returning to India, he recruited soldiers for Britain and advised farmers to join the British army in exchange for Indian autonomy.

During World War II, the British colonial government forced India to bear a huge burden of manpower and material resources, which led to extremely difficult life for the Indian people. Under the influence of the October socialist revolution in Russia, the Indian people launched a national liberation movement and constantly launched an anti-British struggle. In order to suppress the resistance of the Indian people, the British colonists announced the implementation of the Rollat Act in March 19 19. The bill stipulates that the colonial government can arrest Indians at will and imprison them indefinitely without trial. Arrested persons cannot hire lawyers and witnesses to defend them. The Indian people strongly oppose the implementation of this bill. Gandhi, as the leader of the Congress Party, wrote a letter to the Governor of Britain and India, pleading with him to stop implementing the Lolat Act. After being rejected, he called on all Indians to hold prayers and rally speeches to conduct non-violent confrontation against colonial authorities. On April 13, the British army brutally suppressed the rally in Amritsar, Punjab Province, killing and injuring more than 3,000 people on the spot. The fire of resistance of the Indian people was ignited all over the country.

Because the people's struggle is getting more and more fierce. Gandhi's attitude towards the British colonial authorities began to change. He was determined to lead the national liberation movement and took a non-cooperative attitude towards the colonial authorities. 1920 At the beginning of the year, Gandhi was elected as the leader of the Congress Party. In September of the same year, the Congress Party adopted Gandhi's "Non-violent Non-cooperation Plan". It is stipulated that the struggle should be to exploit the Indian people by refusing to help the British and Indian governments manage India until the British government gives India autonomy. The people of the whole country responded widely, but soon broke through the provisions of Gandhi's plan, and uprisings were held in some areas. The colonial authorities resorted to high-handed means to carry out bloody repression. On February 4th, 192 1, villagers marched in Caola village, Cao Li, USA, and the police fired without warning. Angry villagers drove 22 policemen into the police station and burned them all. Gandhi believed that the rebellion was beyond the scope of non-violence, and on February 1 1, he hastily convened an emergency meeting of the Congress Party to announce the cessation of the non-violent and non-cooperative movement. 10 In March, Gandhi was arrested by the colonial authorities and sentenced to six years' imprisonment. The masses reacted indifferently to this. Two years later, Gandhi was released due to illness.

1on March 2, 930, Gandhi sent an open letter to the governors of Britain and India, demanding the abolition of the government's salt monopoly. On April 6th, he led a group of believers to Dandy Beach and spent three weeks making a batch of salt by himself, saying that this violated the laws of the British and Indian governments on salt monopoly. The second non-violent and non-cooperative movement began. The British and Indian governments once again ordered repression, arresting more than 60,000 people within one year, and Gandhi was arrested again. The post-British colonial authorities wanted to use Gandhi's reputation to deceive the Indian people and released him on 193 1 1. In March of the same year, Gandhi reached a compromise with the British and Indian governors. On the one hand, he terminated the non-violent and non-cooperative movement, on the other hand, he released political prisoners and allowed coastal people to make their own salt.

Since then, the British government has taken various measures to delay India's independence. The Indian people continued to struggle, and Gandhi was repeatedly put into prison by the colonial authorities.

After World War II, India's national liberation movement developed more vigorously. The British government changed its ruling style and adopted a plan of "dividing India and Pakistan", which was also accepted by both sides. Gandhi has always advocated unity and cooperation between Hindus and Muslims and opposed "partition of India". 1948 65438+1October 13 years, he started a hunger strike at the age of 79, calling on various sects to cooperate, and didn't eat until all the sects expressed their willingness to cooperate. 654381October 30, Gandhi was shot and seriously injured by Hindu ultra-right elements at a prayer meeting and died half an hour later.