introduce

So far, we have

We have been discussing the phonetic features applied to a single speech segment,

Or the phone. Speech features can also be applied to several.

A sound, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study of ...

Suitable for speech features of groups larger than a single segment,

It's called hyperfragment

Features, such as syllables or words. The study of these characteristics is known.

As a rhythm. Mainly include

Syllables, stress, pitch, tone and intonation. In this article, I will talk about

Hypersegmentation feature of

Very detailed.

Key words: voice, suprasegmental.

syllable

The most obvious prosodic features in language

It's a syllable. Let's briefly discuss the concept of syllables. Like all other basic linguistic concepts,

Although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept of "syllable" is

It is difficult to define absolutely. A syllable can be divided into three parts.

Part, that is, the beginning, the core and the end, in which the core is necessary. A

A syllable without an ending is called an open syllable, and a syllable with an ending is called an open syllable.

It's called a closed syllable. In English, only long vowels and diphthongs can.

Appears in open syllables. It may be empty at first or filled with a cluster of as.

Up to three consonants, and ending positions can be filled with up to four.

Consonants The principle of maximum effectiveness points out that when there is a choice,

Where to put the consonants? Put them in initials instead of finals.

In some languages, syllables are always open,

In other words, they always end in vowels and never in consonants. (Hawaiian)

On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha begins with a word.

Glottic stop In other languages, syllables are always closed; They must

Ending with a consonant (Navajo): Há' ishah didididljah. Let's make a fire. Three people went to the moon. (like

Hawaiian, they must also start with a consonant.

)

emphasize

The essence of stress

The word stress has different uses.

Different authors, as well as stress, emphasis, stress and

Protrusion also has different definitions. Robbins defined it as "a generic."

A term for exerting a relatively large force on a joint part.

Words. " The essence of stress is simple-in fact, everyone will

Agree that the first syllable of words like "father" and "open" is stressed, that is,

In "potato", "apartment" and the last syllable, the middle syllable is stressed.

It is emphasized in "about" and "maybe" that most people think they have some kind of.

The difference between accented and unstressed,

Although they may explain it in many different ways.

Stress is usually generated by

It is believed that it depends on the speaker using more muscle energy than usual.

Unstressed syllables From the perspective of perception, all stressed syllables

There is a common feature, that is "outstanding". Luo qiyou

It is proved that there are at least four different factors to make a

Syllabic prominence:

I) Loudness: Most people seem to feel it.

Stressed syllables are louder than unstressed syllables; In other words,

Loudness is a prominent component.

Ii) Length: the length of syllables.

Play an important role in highlighting; Longer syllables

Others will be considered stressed.

Pitch: the pitch in speech is the same as that in speech

It is related to the vibration frequency of vocal cords and music.

The concepts of bass and treble; If a syllable is used

Pitch is obviously different from others, so there will be one.

A strong tendency to produce outstanding results.

Iv) Quality: If a syllable contains a vowel which is different from the adjacent vowel in quality, it will tend to stand out.

Different languages use stress in different ways.

1) In some languages, each syllable is stressed or unstressed the same, such as Cambodian.

2) The syllables in each word are heavier.

this

The position of stress is fixed in a

Some syllables:

1) initial. Finnish, Hungarian and other Finnish-Ugric languages

2) penultimate. Poles,

3) finally. French.

4) Complex set

Rules. In Bulgarian, nouns and verbs have different rules.

Stress placement. Hopi (pronunciation: the first syllable of two syllables)

Word: síkwi meat; exist

Words with three or more syllables, with stress on the first long vowel:

Amasi admitted; Or open

The first short vowel before the consonant cluster: péntani to write; Otherwise, it will fall on

Penultimate syllable: wunúvtu stand

Up)

The place of stress is random.

1) The stress in Russian is completely random: xoroshó, xoróshi.

2) The stress in English is

More predictable, but still random. Usually the middle syllable of a long syllable.

Word receives stress. In disyllabic words, the stress is random and often

Differences in Presentation Meaning: Projection/To

Projection, production/production, insult/insult.

Some languages have more than one stress.

Word: English is such a language. In English, four words

A syllable or more syllables has a main syllable.

And a second stress. some

The first component of English compound words is stressed.

Compound. Phrase stress often distinguishes the meaning of adjectives/nouns.

Combination.

Sentence Stress in English

According to He Shanfen (1992), English sentence stress has two main functions:

(1) indicate the important words in the form.

Sentence; (2) Serve as

The basis of sentence rhythm structure.

Therefore, in a coherent English speech,

Sentence stress usually falls on content words (or lexical words), which have

The basic meaning of a sentence, such as nouns, adjectives and adverbs. those

It is the formal (or structural) words that are usually not stressed in sentences, which shows that

Grammatical relations such as articles, auxiliary verbs and modal verbs,

Monosyllabic prepositions, etc.

throw

Another prosodic feature is pitch, which is defined as

Vocal cord vibration. Pitch is in hertz. Physiologically speaking, the pitch is in

Women are higher than men, and they are higher before puberty than after puberty. In addition, in

With the increase of age, the pitch of female voice tends to decrease; The tone of a man's voice

It will get higher and higher with age. Despite these physical and nonverbal

Generally speaking, every language uses pitch to distinguish languages.

A meaningful purpose. begin

Starting from the lowest pitch of the first syllable, the pitch of each subsequent syllable

Syllables rise until the word reaches the "peak" From this point of view,

Pitch either stays at the same level in the rest of the word or

Descending again. The choice between keeping high notes and allowing high notes.

Drop is a formal question: in a formal or cautious speech,

But it is no longer used in oral usage.

Seven. . conclusion

The suprasegmental features are an important part of phonology research.

From the whole article, we can understand the overtones.

Features not only have phonological significance, but also have their practicality.

Also use. We can't say that this person is a good language user just because of his or her language ability.

Her vocabulary and grammar. Spoken English is also very useful. I

I hope this paper will prove that the suprasegmental feature is an effective method and provide encouragement for our research.

More and more students pay attention to using it.

refer to

1 Cao

Jianfen The rhythm of putonghua. organization

Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences

Social science. RPR-IL/CASS (2000-2002).

Chen Ying.

200 1. A contrastive study of English and Chinese suprasegmental phonemes

Functional perspective. Ma: Southwest.

China Normal University

University.

Chomsky,

Noun (short for noun)&, Harry,

Meter (abbreviation of meter) 1968. Phonetic mode of English. New york: Harper and Rowe Publishing House.