China is a "big country in human resources" (population base1.300 million), but it is a "small country in talents" (professionals only account for 5.5% of employees, which is less than that of developed countries 1/4). China is a maritime power (according to the provisions of the world law of the sea, China has a marine land area of 2.997 million square kilometers, including internal water, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf), but it is also a maritime weak country with a serious shortage of marine scientific and technological personnel. This directly affects the speed of economic and social development, which is extremely disproportionate to China's status as a maritime power and far from the requirements of building a maritime power. In order to meet the needs of China's marine development and management in the new era, build a world-class maritime power and establish China's position as a maritime power, we must implement the strategy of revitalizing the sea through science and technology and developing marine scientific and technological talents, build a high-quality marine scientific and technological innovation team, establish an innovative system for marine scientific and technological talents, increase the development of marine scientific and technological talents, and establish and improve the scientific mechanism for training, developing, attracting and using marine scientific and technological talents.

First, "developing the sea through science and education" must vigorously cultivate marine scientific and technological talents.

"rejuvenating the country through science and education" is the successful experience of many countries in the world to become developed countries. "Prospering the sea through science and education" is an important part of the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education". Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's marine science and technology has made great progress from scratch and from small to large. 1993, there were 109 independent marine institutions nationwide, with more than 3,500 professional technicians/kloc-0 and about 30,000 marine science and technology workers in other fields, basically forming a marine science and technology team with complete disciplines and strong research and development capabilities. At present, there are 492 doctoral students, master students 1 196, and 4,900 people with college education or above, accounting for 68.8% of the total number of scientific and technological personnel in China. Among them, graduate degree 1737, university degree 3 163. According to statistics, from 1986 to 1992, China's independent marine scientific research institutions have undertaken more than 19000 projects, won more than 300 national natural science funds and won more than 1600 awards, some of which have reached the world advanced level. At the same time, more than 60 comprehensive and special major investigation activities have been completed, and polymetallic nodules in the international seabed area of 10.5 million square kilometers have been investigated and explored, an Antarctic research station has been established, and the Antarctic and Southern Ocean surveys have been carried out for more than10 years, providing a scientific basis for further development of the ocean.

Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have put forward a series of strategic measures, and coastal local governments have taken many effective measures to increase investment in marine science and technology, which has formed a multi-level situation of marine development, protection and scientific research, and marine science and technology work has shown a good development momentum. The State Council has officially approved the investigation of China's continental shelf and exclusive economic zone as a special project, and decided to formally incorporate marine high technology into the national "863" plan. China has successfully launched HY- 1A satellite and HY- 1B satellite, among which HY- 1A satellite is an experimental operational satellite. HY-/KOOC-0/B satellite is developed on the basis of HY-/KOOC-0/A satellite, and its technical indicators and performance are superior to HY-/KOOC-0/A satellite. China's marine color satellite research started late and its application level is not high enough. According to the commonly used ocean water color remote sensing data SeaW? IFS and M OD are marine color satellites developed in China, which are mainly used in the development and utilization of marine resources, monitoring and application of marine disasters, protection of marine rights and interests, global climate change research, international exchanges and cooperation, etc. Vigorously developing marine color satellites plays a very important role in safeguarding China's maritime rights and interests, strengthening comprehensive marine management, promoting the rational development and utilization of marine resources and protecting the marine environment. At present, a number of major marine projects in China have completed the comprehensive demonstration of national projects, and the relevant overall design schemes have been released in turn. A number of marine science and technology projects, such as key technologies for comprehensive utilization of seawater resources, key technologies for utilization of coastal resources and environment, detection technology for topographic and geological structure of sea areas, development of separation membrane technology, marine energy power generation technology and marine biotechnology, have been included in the national key scientific and technological research plan and put into practice. Coastal local governments have also determined key support areas, key development projects and demonstration projects according to the characteristics of marine resources and environment in the region and the development direction of marine industry, and adopted various measures to promote the implementation of the plan of "revitalizing the sea through science and education". These strategic measures have greatly improved the scientific and technological contribution rate of the marine industry and effectively promoted the rapid development of the marine economy. In 1980s, China's marine economy grew at an average annual rate of 17%, and in 1990s, the average annual growth rate reached 20%. At present, the output value of China's marine industry has far exceeded the original forecast of 500 billion yuan, and the economic growth rate has remained above 20% every year. Marine economy has become the highlight of economic and social development in the 2 1 century and an important part of the national economy.

With the exhaustion of land resources and frequent energy crisis, marine economy is the focus and highlight of world economic development in the 2000+0 century. However, over-fishing has caused the ecological imbalance of "marine pasture" for more than a century, and coastal aquaculture has caused serious coastal desertification. Mankind's unlimited demand for marine resources has caused the current marine crisis. Therefore, "we can no longer plunder marine resources like plundering mainland resources. We should take countermeasures as soon as possible to prevent predatory and unrestrained demand, and human beings should rationally develop the ocean. This requires research on the ocean and training a large number of comprehensive talents who understand both marine natural science and social science, management science and humanities. " 2 1 century, the key to marine competition is knowledge and talents, and it is people's ability to master and apply the latest technology. Fundamentally speaking, the development of marine science and technology, the revitalization of marine economy and the progress of society all depend on the improvement of workers' quality and the cultivation of a large number of qualified talents. After the implementation of the Sino-Japanese-Chinese-Korean Fisheries Agreement, China's marine fisheries and marine economy are facing unprecedented severe challenges. In order to create new advantages of marine industry and promote the rapid development of marine industry and marine high-tech, we must vigorously develop marine science and technology, focus on the key and * * * technologies in regional marine economic development, persist in technological innovation, strengthen the research and development of marine high-tech and technological innovation system, and strengthen the research and innovation of marine original innovative technologies and independent intellectual property technologies. We must "turn economic construction to the track of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of workers", which is the key to the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education". "Promoting the sea through science and education" means to effectively increase China's marine competitiveness, strengthen the construction of marine high technology, transform the traditional marine industry with high technology, focus on the technical research and industrialization of the six dominant fishery industries of "net, fish, crab, shrimp, shellfish and Canada", intensify the work of promoting the sea through science and technology, provide scientific and technological support for the structural adjustment of marine industry, improve the automation, informationization and intelligence level of marine industry development, and realize the burden of automatic machinery and computers on human beings. However, the present situation we are facing is: the number of marine scientific and technological personnel is small and the overall level is low, which can not meet the development requirements; Overseas students in the marine community rarely return to China, and the brain drain is very serious; The retirement peak of senior marine intellectuals is approaching, which may cause a severe shortage of talents. Therefore, it has become a very urgent strategic task to speed up the construction of marine scientific and technological talents, do a good job in training and using talents, and implement the marine talent development project.

Two, the current problems in the construction of marine science and technology personnel in China

Marine scientific and technological talents are the backbone of marine scientific and technological work. Since the reform and opening up, the party and the state have attached great importance to the construction of talent teams, and remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of marine talent teams. The quality of marine talents has been continuously improved, and the structure of marine talents has been improved, basically forming a new force that brings together marine management, marine law enforcement and marine scientific and technological talents, providing an important guarantee for the development of China's marine industry. By the end of 1999, the ratio of the total human resources of the State Oceanic Administration to the total number of employees in China was significantly higher than the average level of most ministries and bureaus in the State Council, and it became a knowledge-intensive department. The proportion of the total human resources in China marine system to the total number of employees in the whole system is also significantly higher than that in other systems (except the education system). On March 14, 2006, the State Oceanic Administration and China Ocean University jointly hosted the 2006 National Meeting on the Supply and Demand of Marine Graduates and the opening ceremony of the National Marine Talent Network in China Ocean University. Wang Hong, member of the Party Committee of the State Oceanic Administration and Director of the Personnel Department, Wu Dexing, President of China Ocean University, came from more than 30 administrative and scientific research units of the State Oceanic Administration system, and relevant marine and meteorological institutions of Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang and Ningxia autonomous regions 16. Wang hong analyzed the development status of China's marine industry, and thought that the scale and level of China's marine industry still lagged far behind the developed countries in the world. One of the key points is that the construction of marine science and technology talents in China is far from meeting the needs of the situation and career development. This is mainly manifested in:

(A) the geographical structure is unreasonable. There are a series of problems in China's marine science and technology talents, such as insufficient total amount, poor structure and serious brain drain. Compared with the actual needs of developed countries, other industries and industries in China and marine work, the construction structure of marine scientific and technological talents in China is not reasonable, the comprehensive quality needs to be improved and the geographical distribution needs to be further optimized. From the regional structure, it is mainly distributed in Shandong, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai and other provinces. These provinces are the main concentration of marine scientific and technological talents, and there are relatively few marine scientific and technological talents in other regions.

(2) The distribution of industries is unreasonable. Although we don't have statistics on marine science and technology talents in universities, in fact, many marine science and technology talents are distributed in universities. Due to the lack of scientific research funds, no one took the lead in organizing, and many marine scientific and technological talents were idle and wasted. The channel of talent flow is not smooth enough, and the difficulty of introduction and brain drain coexist; The employment mechanism needs to be innovated, and the phenomenon of seniority and talent waste still exists. The marine industry in the new century puts forward new requirements for the development of talent resources of the State Oceanic Administration. Realizing concept innovation, mechanism innovation and management innovation has become an important task for personnel work at present.

(3) The age composition is unreasonable. Among the existing marine scientific and technological talents, marine legal talents and marine comprehensive management talents are relatively scarce, and young and middle-aged high-level and high-quality talents are relatively scarce; China's marine talents are aging seriously, and there are very few people in their forties in the bureau-level leading bodies, and there are even fewer scientific researchers under the age of 50, which is a serious lack of academic and discipline leaders in 2 1 century. Since the 1980s, overseas students in the marine industry have rarely returned to China, and the loss to other industries is also very serious. The retirement peak of a senior marine intellectual is coming, and before the new talent is cultivated, there will be a severe situation of talent shortage.

(D) The knowledge structure is unreasonable. The existing marine science and technology talents in China have a single knowledge structure and poor adaptability. Many people can't meet the information needs of all walks of life. In addition, they have been operating in the planned economy mode for a long time, lacking the ability of organization and coordination and adaptability to the operating mechanism of the market economy. There are relatively few marine professionals and senior compound talents, which are bound by traditional systems and concepts such as departmental division, compartmentalization and seniority. Some localities and units have insufficient understanding of the valuable value of marine talents and their important role in the development of marine undertakings, and the phenomenon of disrespect for knowledge, talents, mismatch between learning and application, and burying talents is still widespread.

Third, the idea of creating an innovation system for marine scientific and technological talents.

Marine competition is science and technology, and the key lies in talents. "Talent resources are the most important capital and the first resource." Only by forming a talent team with sufficient quantity, excellent quality and reasonable structure, and creating a good environment for them to give full play to their expertise, China's marine cause will not be empty talk. On June 5438+1October 65438+March, 2006, the Science, Education and Environmental Protection Edition of China Ocean News published the speech made by Sun Shuxian, director of the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, at the conference on marine science and technology, emphasizing that the focus of the work of the Institute of Oceanography is to implement the strategy of "building the institute with science and technology" and "strengthening the institute with talents", putting forward the development plan for marine talents, and summarizing the work of the Institute of Oceanography in the new century as "four innovations", that is In February, 20001year, the State Oceanic Administration held a meeting on personnel work. Comrade Wang Shuguang, Party Secretary and Director of the Bureau, clearly put forward the working policy of "strengthening the sense of responsibility, cultivating a group of high-quality talents and implementing the marine talent strategy of the State Oceanic Administration". Its goal is to optimize the allocation of talents, enhance the advantages of talents, build a marine talent team with excellent quality, reasonable structure and optimized total quantity, and create a mechanism and environment for talents to come forth in large numbers and give full play to their talents.

(A) firmly establish the concept that talent is the most important strategic resource. Entering the 2 1 century, the international talent competition is more intense. We must firmly establish the following concepts: first, talent is the first factor in developing productive forces. With the surge of scientific and technological revolution, talents, as the basic elements of economic development, have become the most dynamic "first resource" and the key to success or failure. Whoever occupies the highland of talents will occupy the commanding heights of his career, be in an invincible position in the international market competition and take the lead on the road of development. We must attach great importance to the cultivation, development and use of human resources, and regard seeking talents, knowing talents, using talents and educating people as the necessary qualities for successful managers. Second, the concept that talents are living resources. Whether it is production or scientific research, every link should take "people" as the center, and its capital allocation and resource allocation are "moved by people". Where talents are, other resources will flow, so that the allocation of production factors is always in the best state. The third is the concept of talent internationalization. Training and using talents must be in line with international practices and trained according to the standards of participating in international competition, so that our talents can not only make great achievements at home, but also be competitive internationally. The fourth is the concept of "zero distance" in talent competition. We should recognize the trend of talent competition without borders in the world today, enhance the sense of urgency of talent demand, and actively respond to and participate in international talent competition. It is necessary to form a general climate conducive to training, discovery, selection, introduction, training and exchange of talents, put the talent strategy at the top of the marine strategy in the 2 1 century, liberalize the introduction of a large number of talents from abroad, and reverse the shortage of talents; Promote the training and exchange of domestic marine talents, seek high-level marine talents from marine practitioners, make good use of marine talents, and retain existing marine talents, so as to form an army of talents responsible for revitalizing China's marine cause in the 2 1 century.

(2) Strengthen the training and development mechanism of marine scientific and technological talents. To develop and train marine scientific and technological talents, priority must be given to developing marine education and improving the quality of marine practitioners. The key point is to build a number of marine colleges and universities and disciplines, actively develop multi-form and multi-level marine vocational education and marine adult education, so as to make the ratio of marine general education to marine vocational education more reasonable; Encourage social forces to run marine education, advocate various forms of joint education, and optimize the allocation. The competition of China's marine industry in 2 1 century is inseparable from the cultivation of marine high-tech talents and the improvement of the quality of thousands of workers in Qian Qian. Basic education is not only the foundation for the growth of marine professionals at all levels, but also the key link to lay the basic quality for the vast number of marine workers. In this sense, marine basic education is a basic project to improve the quality of marine employees. To improve the training mechanism of marine scientific and technological talents, we must do a good job in four aspects: First, formulate a scientific development plan for marine talents. Investigate and analyze the existing talent situation and talent environment, and further study and explore the demand and growth management law of scientific and technological talents in the marine industry. Make a macro, strategic and forward-looking comprehensive plan for the scale, structure, layout and policy measures of the development of marine scientific and technological talents, and lead the healthy and coordinated development of the construction of marine scientific and technological talents. The second is to create a good atmosphere for the growth of marine scientific and technological talents. We will further improve the talent training mechanism, talent introduction mechanism, talent evaluation mechanism, talent incentive mechanism and talent market mechanism, strive to create a social environment and an institutional environment that encourages, supports and helps talent officers to start businesses, and form an institutional mechanism that is conducive to outstanding talents to stand out, maximize the innovation passion and vitality of scientific and technological personnel, and improve innovation efficiency, especially to provide more opportunities for young talents to display their talents. The third is to strengthen international cooperation and exchange of marine scientific and technological talents, recruit talents and attract talents. Encourage academic leaders and scientific research backbones to go to relevant foreign institutions for further study visits and participate in advanced seminars and other learning exchanges, encourage and support young and middle-aged scientific research backbones to participate in academic activities such as international academic conferences, actively introduce foreign high-level scientific and technological talents, especially outstanding overseas students, to return to China to start businesses, and create an innovative talent team with the ability to follow the international scientific and technological frontier and participate in international competition and cooperation as soon as possible. Fourth, strengthen the ideological and political education of marine scientific and technological personnel. Vigorously carry forward the patriotic spirit of caring for the motherland and consciously contributing, the scientific spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic and brave in innovation, the exploration spirit of bravely climbing the peak, the team spirit of unity and cooperation and indifference to fame and fortune; Completely get rid of bad habits such as impatience, quick success, fraud, etc. While striving to become an expert proficient in science and technology, we should consciously link personal development with the marine cause and the future of the country and shoulder the historical mission entrusted by the party and the people.

(3) Improve the competitive growth mechanism of marine scientific and technological talents. First, strengthen the awareness of talent competition and create a good competitive atmosphere. Most of the existing talents have grown up under the centralized and unified planning management system, and their risk tolerance is generally weak, lacking competition awareness, lacking strict post responsibility system within the organization, and the talent management system has long had the disadvantages of egalitarianism and seniority. Therefore, we must form a good atmosphere of advocating competition, participating in competition and encouraging competition through ideological education and public opinion propaganda, and strengthen the competition consciousness of talents. The second is to establish a fair competition mechanism to provide equal competition opportunities for talents. Fair competition is the soul and pillar of the talent competition mechanism. Fair competition is to let everyone participate in the competition on the same starting line. No matter who they are, they all have the same status, qualifications and education, and they all have equal opportunities for competition. Therefore, we must broaden the channels of selecting people, broaden our knowledge horizons, enhance our courage in employing people, get rid of the old concepts of seniority, balanced care and Excellence, and select outstanding talents without sticking to one pattern. The third is to establish an incentive and elimination mechanism and adhere to the correct competition orientation. The egalitarian distribution mechanism seriously restricts the enthusiasm and creativity of talents, resulting in low work efficiency and labor productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an effective incentive mechanism, give full play to the guiding role of the law of value, use economic means to manage, so that the same labor can get the same reward, and encourage talents to strive to create performance that meets their duties. The fourth is to improve the talent flow mechanism and form an open competition pattern. Talent flow is the premise and foundation of fair competition. Therefore, we must expand the channels and scope of talent exchange, solve the realistic contradiction between difficult and unreasonable talent flow, invigorate the professional talent flow through internal post rotation, horizontal (cross-unit, cross-industry and cross-region) communication, vertical dispatching, develop and adjust the required types of talent resources, and make the talent flow embark on a benign track of institutionalization and legalization. The fifth is to improve the talent training mechanism and enhance the competitiveness of talents. Competition is a test of talents' quality and ability, which greatly promotes the improvement of talents' ability. People should not only have the desire to participate in the competition, but also have the capital to participate in the competition, rich knowledge and adaptability. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and improve training, implement the principle of "accuracy and effectiveness", broaden training channels, and change academic education into the combination of reality and practice, so that the knowledge of talents can be supplemented, updated and upgraded. Sixth, improve the age matching wit of marine scientific and technological talents, and form a reasonable ladder structure combining the old with the young. At present, China's marine talents are aging seriously, and there are very few people in their 40 s in the bureau-level leadership team. It is urgent to implement the marine strategy and cultivate young talents, especially young party and government leaders. Marine scientific research institutions should regard talent training as an equally important task as research and development, attach importance to the training of cross-century young academic and technical leaders, strive to create environment and conditions for young outstanding marine scientific and technological talents, especially top-notch talents, and select them to take on heavy responsibilities in key positions, so that they can grow up healthily in practice. Therefore, we should care about young marine scientific and technological talents politically, support them at work and care for them in life. By deepening the reform of marine education system, millions of young marine scientific and technological talents will be trained and brought up to occupy the commanding heights of the ocean in the 2 1 century. (4) Improve the mechanism for building the marine management talent team. To build a high-quality marine management talent team, a high-quality marine law enforcement team and a high-level marine science and technology team, in the words of Comrade Zhou Maoping, member of the party group and director of personnel of the State Oceanic Administration, is to achieve "one plan and five breakthroughs". "One Plan" means that all units should make efforts to adapt the total amount, quality and structure of marine scientific and technological talent resources to the development of marine undertakings in accordance with the spirit of the Outline of the National Oceanic Administration's 2000-20 10 Human Resources Development Plan and the Outline of the Five-year Plan of the State Oceanic Administration's Cadre Education and Training, according to the new situation of marine work and the main work of their own units, and following the law of the development of marine undertakings and the law of talent growth. "Five breakthroughs", one is to achieve a breakthrough in the concept of marine scientific and technological talents. We should firmly establish the concept that talents are the most important strategic resources, form a good atmosphere of respecting talents and knowledge, create a good policy and legal environment for the growth of the whole talent group, pay attention to tapping the potential of existing talents and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, especially for those selected for the "Double Hundred Talents Project", pay attention to their study, work and life, increase training efforts, and highlight "keeping people in their careers, feelings and proper treatment". Mobilizing the enthusiasm of the vast number of marine scientific and technological personnel depends not only on treatment, but also on career development. It is an important measure to establish the State Key Laboratory of Marine Scientific Research. The second is to achieve a breakthrough in the use mechanism of marine scientific and technological talents. It is necessary to establish a correct concept of selecting and employing people, establish a fair incentive and competition mechanism, pay attention to public recognition, and appoint talents based on performance. At the same time, we should pay attention to finding talents from major projects and strive to improve professional and technical qualifications. It is necessary to create a big environment to retain talents and encourage entrepreneurship. The third is to achieve a breakthrough in the training of marine scientific and technological talents. Employers should focus on improving quality, clarify and improve talent training policies, learn political theory, modern science and technology and professional knowledge through advanced classes, seminars, training courses or training abroad, and strive to cultivate quality-oriented and compound talents. The fourth is to achieve a breakthrough in the introduction of marine scientific and technological talents, establish the concept of "serving us is more important than owning us", further broaden the channels for talent introduction, adopt various ways to recruit talents and attract elites, and especially attract top talents to serve the marine cause. The fifth is to achieve a breakthrough in the treatment of marine scientific and technological talents. Encourage employers to implement a diversified distribution system and a distribution incentive mechanism inclined to "elite talents" to maximize the development, incentive and play the work ability of talents.