[1] Frustration and face acceptance: A dutiful son first obeys his parents' will.

[2] Qi: refers to the qi and grace of the voice, and describes the appearance of inferiority.

[3] Not afraid of hard work: not afraid of hard work. Fear, fear, fear; Baa (qú), the working masses; Gan (mèn): The meat is soft and crisp.

[4] Task: Give your life.

[5] Modesty and self-grazing: self-discipline with humility.

[6] Bad teeth and bad tongue: it means that the strong are easy to break and the weak are always there.

[7] niè: tired.

[8] Being naked: It describes being weak, as if even the weight of clothes can't bear it.

[9] Sheng Da: Free from worldly affairs. Entrust: let fate dominate.

[10] No return: it does not violate the way of ancestors.

[1 1] What should Thailand do: Go too far. Say: things are moderate.

[12] Thousands of counties: the smallest county.

Lintel: The beam of a house. Zhuō not: short column on the beam.

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The reason why people want to read books is to develop their minds and improve their cognitive ability, thus facilitating their own actions. For those who don't know how to support their parents, I want them to see how the ancients observed and acted according to their parents' wishes; How to speak softly and kindly to your parents; How to make delicious food for parents without fear of hard work; Let them feel afraid and ashamed and rise to the ancients of politics and law. For those who don't know how to serve you, I want to show them how the ancients kept their duties and did not invade or commit crimes; At a critical moment, I will give my life; How to put national interests first and never forget the duty of giving advice when most needed is least heeded; Let them compare themselves sadly and then try to imitate the ancients. For those who are usually arrogant and extravagant, I want them to see how the ancients were humble and frugal and saved money; How to take humility and self-control, comity as the foundation of politics and religion, and respect as the foundation of life, so that they will be shocked and feel that they have lost something, thus restraining their arrogance and arrogance. For those who have always been shallow and stingy, I want them to see how the ancients valued righteousness over wealth, less selfish desires, and avoided profits and evils; How to show sympathy for the poor? Make them blush, feel regret and shame, thus accumulating wealth and dispersing wealth. For those who are usually cruel and fierce, I want them to see how the ancients were careful, respected self-discipline, and understood the truth that their teeth died and their tongues remained; How to be generous, respect the wise and tolerate everyone. Let them lose their arrogance and show humility and concession. For those who are usually timid, their bodies seem too weak to bear the weight of clothes. I want them to see how the ancients were unrestrained, resigned, strong and honest, and kept their word, praying for good luck without violating their ancestors' way. Let them work hard and be fearless: by analogy, all aspects of conduct can be cultivated in the above ways, and even if the atmosphere cannot be purified, those excessive behaviors can be eliminated. There is nothing you can't use the knowledge you have gained from your study. However, today's scholars only talk but don't do it, are not loyal and filial, and lack benevolence and righteousness. Besides, when they decide the lawsuit, they may not know the truth. They are in charge of 1000 small counties and may not have personally managed the people. Ask them how to build a house, not necessarily knowing that the beam is placed horizontally but vertically; Ask them how to farm. They don't necessarily know that millet should be planted early and yellow rice should be planted late. They only know how to sing, laugh and write poems all day. They are carefree and pedantic, but they can't manage the army and the country, so they are laughed at and abused by those military attache officials. It is for these reasons.

original text

Therefore, scholars seek profit. See people reading ten volumes of books, tall, ignoring the elderly and disdaining the same column; People are as sick as enemies, and as evil as owls [1]. Learning is better than not learning well.

Ancient scholars made up for their own shortcomings by themselves; Scholars nowadays are human beings, but they can speak out. Ancient scholars were human beings, and what they did was to benefit the world. Nowadays, scholars are all for themselves, and self-cultivation can make progress. Scholars still plant trees, play with their flowers in spring and climb in autumn; Talking about articles, spring flowers, self-cultivation and benefits [2], and the same is true in autumn.

Life is young and the spirit is patented. When you grow up, you should think about it and relax. Be sure to teach early and don't miss the opportunity. When I was seven years old, I recited "Lingguang Dian Fu". As for today, ten years have passed and I have never forgotten it. Twenty years later, the books I memorized were abandoned and abandoned in January.

However, people have obstacles [3]. They lost their prime of life and should study that night, so they should not give up. Confucius said, "Fifty years to learn the Book of Changes cannot be greater than this. Loyal old Wei Wu and Yuan Yi learned little and never got tired of getting old. Ceng Zi is a scholar at the age of 70 and is famous all over the world. Xun Qing [4] 50 years old, began to study abroad, or a Confucian scholar; In his forties, Gong Sunhong read Spring and Autumn Annals, thus becoming a prime minister. Zhu Jun is also forty years old, and he began to study The Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius. At the age of 20, Huangfu Mi began to accept the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius: they all became great scholars in the end, which was a mystery early and a disappointment late. The marriage crown in the world has not been learned, so it is too late, and it is also a fool's ear following the wall.

Young scholars, such as the light of sunrise, old scholars, such as the night walk by candlelight, are still virtuous.

To annotate ...

[1] Owl: (chρXiāo is crazy): Owl is a kind of raptor. It is said that owl will eat its mother. The ancients believed that all birds were evil.

[2] Self-cultivation benefits: Self-cultivation benefits things.

[3] Kan (lán): When you are sleepy, you will lose heart.

[4] Xun Qing: Xunzi (313-238 years ago), who was honored as "Qing"; Because "Xun" and "Sun" have the same ancient sound, it is also called "Xun". During the Warring States period, Zhao Guoren, one of the famous thinkers, educators and representatives of Confucianism, developed Confucianism and advocated the theory of evil nature, which was often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature. Chu Chunyu appointed Xunzi as the Lanling Order, which was abolished after his death. Han Fei and Li Si were both his disciples, and because his two disciples were representatives of Legalism, scholars in previous dynasties doubted whether Xunzi belonged to Confucianism, and Xunzi was severely criticized by many scholars in the history of China because of his disciples.

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People study for profit. I have seen some people who have read dozens of books become conceited, offend their elders and look down on their peers. Everyone hates him like an enemy and hates him like an owl. It is better not to study than to harm yourself.

In ancient times, people who read books were trying to enrich themselves and make up for their shortcomings. Nowadays, people who study are all to show off to others and only talk big. In ancient times, people who read books were trying to spread their ideas for the benefit of society. People who are studying now are studying in Xiu De for the sake of being an official and meeting their own needs. Learning is like planting a fruit tree. You can enjoy its flowers in spring and pick its fruits in autumn. Talking about articles is like enjoying spring flowers; Self-cultivation is like picking autumn fruits.

People are sharp in spirit when they are young, and their thoughts are easy to be scattered when they grow up. Therefore, we should educate our children as early as possible and don't miss the opportunity. When I was seven years old, I recited "Lingguang Dian Fu". Even today, I will never forget once every ten years. After the age of 20, the back sutra was left there for a month, and it was abolished.

Of course. People are always in trouble, and when they are in their prime, they lose the opportunity to learn. They should seize the time to study in their later years and not give up on themselves. Confucius said, "You don't make a big mistake when you learn the Book of Changes at the age of fifty." Wei Wudi and Yuan Yi, who studied harder when they were old, are both examples of diligent study since childhood. Ceng Zi began to study at the age of seventeen and finally became famous in the world. Xunzi began to study in Qi at the age of fifty, and still became a great scholar. Gong began to read Spring and Autumn Annals in his forties and finally became prime minister. Zhu Jun didn't learn the Book of Changes and The Analects until he was forty, and Huangfu Mi didn't learn the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects until he was twenty. They all became great scholars in the end. These are all examples of early addiction and late awakening. It is too late for most people to start learning when they are adults. Getting along with each other day after day is like standing on the wall and seeing nothing, which is stupid enough. People who learn from childhood are like the light of sunrise; People who start learning when they are old are like walking at night with candles in their hands, but they are better than those who can't see anything with their eyes closed. It's like picking autumn fruits to benefit yourself.

short review

Mianxuepian is the most famous chapter in Yan's Family Instructions, and it is also one of the famous learning articles in ancient China, which is as famous as Xunzi's Persuading to Learn in the pre-Qin period. This paper discusses the purpose, attitude and method of learning deeply. Some ideas still shine with the light of truth. For example, he believes that "if you are alive, you must have a career". Scholars, farmers, workers, businessmen and soldiers are all learned and should not be underestimated. No matter which industry you learn, you can settle down. If you eat all day and do nothing, your family will die. For another example, the author thinks that people only have different division of labor without professional dignity, and people who engage in any profession should be respected. You can learn something useful from "farmers, laborers, slaves, fishermen, butchers and shepherds". In addition, in the attitude towards learning, the author thinks that learning should not be arrogant and boastful, but should be to apply what you have learned and connect with practice. Criticism of today's scholars, only talk, loyalty and filial piety, lack of benevolence and righteousness, coupled with their litigation, may not understand the truth, in charge of 1000 small counties, may not have personally managed the people; Ask them how to build a house, not necessarily knowing that the beam is placed horizontally but vertically; Ask them how to farm. They don't necessarily know that millet should be planted early and yellow rice should be planted late.

The author also emphasizes that learning should focus on early education and deal with the relationship between academics and majors. The author cited the examples of many famous scholars, such as,,, Xunzi, Gong, etc., to illustrate that there is no age difference in learning, and logistics is more valuable in learning when you are old. These are all worth learning today.

At that time, the author attacked the status quo that the gentry's children did not go to school and hunted for high positions based on their family background. It is pointed out that in ancient times, the purpose of reading was to enrich oneself and make up for one's shortcomings. Now, the purpose of reading is to show off to others, and you can only blow your own horn; In ancient times, people who read books were trying to spread their ideas for the benefit of society. People who are studying now are studying in Xiu De for the sake of being an official and meeting their own needs. This profound social criticism still has practical significance today!

Reading guide

The title of the text is "study hard", which means to study hard, and the explanation of "encourage" is to work hard. The first paragraph first points out that scholars in ancient and modern times have different learning purposes, and then takes planting trees as a metaphor, saying that articles are spring flowers, and self-cultivation and profit are autumn fruits. How can you cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's sexuality without reading, Xiu De? It is clear that learning is for "self-cultivation, benefiting others and self-interest". The second paragraph discusses an early education, don't miss the opportunity. Taking his own recitation of Lingguang Dian Fu as an example, the author puts forward that one should "learn early"; If you "lost your prime of life" and "you are still studying that night, don't give up". In the third paragraph, I said that it is often worthwhile to build a clear path and hide the truth. In the author's view, the key to learning scripture is to "teach by example", so that reading and doing things can be both beautiful and knowledgeable.

Writing skills

The beginning of "Mianxue of Yan Family Instructions" has a clear meaning: "Since ancient times, Ming Jun has been sacred, and you still need to study hard, and the situation is average!" Everyone needs to keep learning. "Know what it is, do what it does", only through learning can we make our own development possible. "Ancient scholars for themselves, to make up for the deficiency; Scholars nowadays are human beings, but they can speak out. Ancient scholars were human beings, and what they did was to benefit the world. Today's scholars are for themselves and cultivate themselves for progress. " In Yan's view, the purpose of learning is to make up for their own shortcomings, strengthen moral cultivation, keep positive, apply what they have learned to life practice, and create wealth for society.

relevant issues

1, the meaning of "talking about articles, spring flowers, self-cultivation and autumn fruits"

A: Although spring flowers are gorgeous, they never bear fruit. Autumn fruit is the real fruit. Similarly, although the composition is vivid, it is not the ultimate goal. Only by making more efforts in self-cultivation and profit-seeking can we have good virtue.

2. What was the purpose of reciting the case of Lingguang Dian Fu when the author was seven years old?

A: The author takes his own recitation of Lingguang Dian Fu as an example, suggesting that one should "learn early"; If you "lost your prime of life" and "you are still studying that night, don't give up". This paper discusses an optimal learning age.

3. What is the ancient and modern learning purpose of truancy?

A: People who studied in ancient times all wanted to enrich themselves and make up for their shortcomings. Nowadays, people who study are all to show off to others and only talk big. In ancient times, people who read books were trying to spread their ideas for the benefit of society. People who are studying now are studying in Xiu De for the sake of being an official and meeting their own needs.

(Ancient scholars were all themselves, making up for their shortcomings; Scholars nowadays are human beings, but they can speak out. Ancient scholars were human beings, and what they did was to benefit the world. Nowadays, scholars are all for themselves, and self-cultivation can make progress. )

4. What does the author think is the correct attitude towards the book of sages?

Answer: Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully, distinguish clearly and do it faithfully. It doesn't matter.