The composition occupies half of the Chinese paper, which requires us to be cautious, but the time for answering questions is limited, which requires us to write quickly. So how to write the opening paragraph on the premise of ensuring the correctness of the examination? We can summarize the preliminary requirements of an excellent composition for college entrance examination as "conciseness", "novelty" and "clarity".
1. Jane-The beginning of an argumentative essay should be concise and to the point, so as to avoid being lengthy.
example
For example, Shandong college entrance examination excellent composition "Don't judge by likes and dislikes" begins:
"People have seven emotions, each has its own likes and dislikes. However, when this kind of likes and dislikes is mixed with the understanding of truth, what impact will it have? "
The author gets to the point with concise and clear sentences, and arouses readers' thinking about the relationship between "emotional closeness and cognition of things" with a hypothesis.
2. New-Li Yu, a drama theorist in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out in "Random Feelings" that "at the beginning of the book, it is necessary to attract attention with strange sentences, which makes people afraid to give up." The beginning of a novel can often have sounds and fascinating effects.
example
For example, another Shandong examinee wrote the beginning of "How to win the word' love'":
"People have feelings, as the old saying goes:' If people are not vegetation, who can be heartless.' Therefore, when we recognize things, we will unconsciously attach strong personal feelings. Therefore, beauty is in the eye of the lover, and the sadness when the petals fall like tears. "The author closely follows the word" love "and cleverly embeds famous sentences.
3. Ming-the beginning of an argumentative paper should be clear, accurately reveal the core of the material, and avoid ambiguity.
example
20 19 Zhejiang college entrance examination excellent composition "Listen to the good and discard the evil";
"Life is a work, each of us is a writer who creates life, and the people who walk through our lives are our readers. So, how should we treat the voices of these readers? I think we should "listen to the good and discard the evil". "
From the beginning, the author made clear the theme and expressed his own views.
Second, the writing method of the opening paragraph
If you want to write a good article, you need to consider the stylistic features first. Argumentative writing is usually to express a unique view of something, someone or a phenomenon. "
1. Set situational method.
As the name implies, setting up situational method is to create a situation at the beginning of the article, create an atmosphere, and then subtly lead to the topic. For example, 20 14 Jiangsu college entrance examination perfect score composition "youth never dies", the author set up the situation of looking up at trees from the beginning, and skillfully transitioned to the topic of writing, which was fascinating:
Occasionally, when I am free, I always habitually look up. There is a tree outside the window, let me feel its growth trajectory and remember the years. Brilliant June is the youth of the tree. When I got used to its clear veins and uneven sunshine between leaves, I began to be afraid of autumn. On second thought, my life is not like a tree, life is always there, and youth never dies! I feel comfortable immediately.
2. Explaining conceptual methods
The so-called explanatory concept method is to explain the meaning of related concepts involved in the topic or material at the beginning of the article, so that the beginning is more rational. At the same time, it is also helpful to show the point of view of the exercise and the depth of thinking of the article. For example, the composition "Labor makes you happy, and labor makes you smart" with full marks in the 20 19 college entrance examination explains the important concept of "labor" in the materials at the beginning:
"People's livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not lacking." Labor is the foundation of people's happiness and the cornerstone of the country's prosperity. The theme of my speech today is "Labor leads to happiness, and labor leads to wisdom", calling on everyone to love labor and start from me.
3. Case introduction method
The case introduction method is to quote relevant cases at the beginning and naturally introduce topics.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Life is like a spring, and articles are like a stream. The spring water is abundant and inexhaustible, and the stream flows naturally and is full of vitality. " So in addition to borrowing classic examples from history to introduce topics, we can also look at the present and observe things around us. Such articles with a sense of the times and realism are more likely to attract readers' attention.
For example, in 2008, the author defined "them" as parents and briefly described their deeds, which narrowed the spiritual distance with readers:
My father's generation met with natural disasters when they grew up. I went to the countryside when I was at school, and when I returned to the city, I caught up with the decrease in household registration. Their children only catch up with the university at their own expense ... but their eyes are still bright, their waists are still straight, and they look practical, confident and calm.
4. The paraphrased material method
Material composition is undoubtedly favored by many teachers. Excellent material composition often needs to contact the material from the beginning, refine ideas from the material, and strive to come naturally. Pay attention to the report materials, the sentences must be concise, and quickly get to the point from the narrative, so as to make it clear at the beginning.
For example, the composition "Don't let your feelings get lost", which scored full marks in Shandong college entrance examination, skillfully quoted materials at the beginning, concise, clear and natural:
The son and the neighbor said the same thing, but the rich man took the opposite attitude. Rich people in fables have many shadows in real life. The balance between right and wrong needs to be manipulated by a rational hand. Don't let the weight of feelings affect your judgment.
In addition, metaphor can be skillfully used at the beginning to make abstract and profound truth simple and vivid and enhance the visualization of reasoning; You can also use parallelism to highlight the momentum and reflect the logical level between clauses. In short, there is no certain method of writing, and the methods at the beginning of argumentative writing are equally diverse and rich, which can be chosen according to the theme and writing style of the article.
However, it should be noted that no matter what method is adopted, the beginning of the argumentative paper serves to put forward the central argument, and it must be closely related to the argument, concise and accurate.
Part II: Ending
1. End-to-end echo
This method is common in composition in examination room. In most cases, the marking teacher will basically carefully review the beginning and end of the article. If there is a connection between the two and there is a structure that echoes from beginning to end, it will often leave a good impression on the marking teacher.
example
Beginning: At the historical moment of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, every bloody Chinese son and daughter should strive for self-improvement in his post, be brave in taking responsibility, choose a city and realize his dream of home and country.
End: Choose a career and forge a city. Do one thing with all your enthusiasm. If you want to go, take the road of revival. If you want to be round, you must dream of home and country.
2. Zhang Xianzhi's style chess pieces
"Deepening the theme and naming the center" has always been the role that the ending paragraph should assume.
The method of "expressing ambition by death" refers to summarizing and summarizing the above contents in a few concise words at the end of the article, and then deepening the central idea of the article on this basis.
example
Winter will pass, but spring can be expected. When the dawn breaks, the mountains and rivers are safe and the world is peaceful, you and I smile at each other hand in hand. Look at the sea of people, cherry blossoms in full bloom, laughter and laughter all over the mountains and rivers.
3. Lyric sublimation
We all know the five expressions of "discussion, narration, lyricism, explanation and description". In the composition of the examination room, some students will choose to end with "lyrical sublimation".
Whether you express your feelings directly or indirectly, ending with lyricism can arouse readers' emotions, which has a strong writing appeal and more prominently expresses the central theme of the article.
example
In the long years of 5,000 years, our motherland suffered too many difficulties and obstacles, but in the end, everyone bravely survived. This time, we always believe that no matter how dark the dawn of victory is, we will finally usher in the dawn and wait for the spring to bloom. Because we are descendants of the Chinese people, because we are descendants of the dragon, we are strong and brave, and everything will pass before us. China is destined to be extraordinary.
4. Famous sayings
When closing the full text, quoting famous sayings to add color to the end of the article can not only increase the persuasiveness of the article, but also make the marking teacher feel the author's literary accomplishment and extensive knowledge.
Speaking of this, are there many students secretly saying, "I wrote that!"
However, Mr. Zhang Zhijun wants to remind everyone that when choosing famous sayings, you must choose something consistent with the theme of the article, otherwise it is beside the point!
example
How can you say that you have no clothes and you have the same robe as your son? "One thousand people together, there is the power of one thousand people. Ten thousand people are unfaithful and no one uses them. " Before the epidemic prevention and control, the whole country showed a high degree of unity of thinking, blaming the rumors on newborns to prevent problems before they happen.
Adhere to the national chess game, listen to the party's command, race against time, fight against diseases, share weal and woe, and there will be no hurdle to cross when we are in the same boat, and there will be no shore that we cannot reach when we are in the same boat. Spring has come, the epidemic has disappeared, and the cherry blossoms in Jiangcheng are about to bloom again. Invite us to enjoy them, a better life will come as scheduled, and you and I will smile again.
5. Initiative and guidance
In speeches, proposals or epistolary compositions, many students will choose to issue a call in the form of "active guidance".
example
"Dear students, as young people in the new era, we should ..." or "Let's work together ..." This kind of ending usually makes the article progressive and magnificent.
Step 6 come to an abrupt end
This way of ending is not very common in the composition of the examination room at present.
The "abrupt ending", also known as "blank ending", will arouse readers' thinking, stimulate readers' imagination and achieve infinite significance. This method is common in narratives.