2. Judgment: √ First sentence, second sentence, first sentence, first sentence, second sentence, first sentence, second sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, second sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, second sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, first sentence, second sentence, second sentence, second sentence.
Third, comprehensive application questions
1, (1) air vibration sound; The greater the gas velocity, the smaller the pressure.
(2) Panuli's Law: When the velocity is high, the pressure is low. Due to the low speed and strong pressure at the edge of the airflow (or due to the high speed and low pressure in the airflow), the pressure pushes the ball back into the airflow.
(3) 1. Aircraft take-off is the relationship between fluid and speed. The upper surface of an airplane wing is uneven and the lower surface is smooth. When the air speed is constant, it passes through the upper surface quickly, so the pressure is small, and the downward pressure is greater than the upward pressure, so the plane takes off.
When the train comes into the station, people must stand outside the yellow line. Because when the train enters the station, it will drive the surrounding air to flow, increase the speed and reduce the pressure, and people will be pushed into the train track.
2.( 1) The power consumption per charge is 0.6 kWh, so the power consumption of 100km is 1.2 kWh, which is about 0.66 yuan.
Motorcycles consume 2.5 liters of fuel per 100km, which is about 13.625 yuan. Electric cars are economical.
(2) The so-called great environmental harm mainly refers to the storage battery, because the number of charge and discharge of the storage battery is limited. If it can't be recycled and treated effectively, the waste batteries will do great harm to the environment.
Fourth, divergent thinking questions
Animals have signs before earthquakes, so it is very important to prevent and treat them by groups.
Cattle, sheep, mules and horses don't enter the stables, and pigs don't eat dogs and bite people.
Ducks don't go into the water and make noise on the shore, but chickens fly up the tree and scream loudly.
The snake came out of the hole in the ice and snow, and the mouse ran with the mouse in its mouth.
The rabbit jumped and bumped, and the fish jumped into the water.
Bees are moving noisily, but pigeons are too scared to fly back to their nests.
Every household observes and reports any abnormality.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) composition
Check the composition yourself!
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I. Knowledge questions (full score: 30)
(a), multiple-choice questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 points)
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(2) True or false questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 point)
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Second, the comprehensive application problem (out of 20 points)
Who caught a cold first? (10)
1.b (middle school students can get full marks of 10 if they answer correctly, and senior students can get 5 points if they answer correctly).
There is air in the empty cup. Under the same conditions, the temperature of an empty cup will drop rapidly, because air can hold less heat than water. And water contains more heat, which decreases slowly. (5 points)
Why is the straw broken? (10)
1.b (middle school students can get full marks of 10 if they answer correctly, and senior students can get 5 points if they answer correctly).
2. No, because straw A and straw B are connected in the mouth, and the pressure inside and outside straw A is the same, so the drink will not be pushed up, so we can't drink the drink. (5 points)
Third, divergent thinking questions (10)
What should I do if the corner of the book becomes warped? There is no standard answer, as long as it is reasonable. Answer one question correctly and get 4 points; Answer three or more questions correctly, with full score 10. )
Reference answer:
1. Cut out four right-angled triangles with thick cardboard and stick them on the four corners of the inside of the book cover, so that it is not easy for the book cover to tilt up.
2. Make a long sleeve bigger than the book with thick cardboard, and then put it on the book.
3. Stick a layer of transparent tape inside the edge of the book cover, and the edge will be protected by a layer of thickness, which is not easy to become warped.
Cover the book with the cover.
Be careful when reading, and put the books that you like to skip under other books.
Four, research exercises (20 points, do the first two questions in the middle grade, do all the questions in the senior grade)
Influence of sunlight on plant growth
Reference answer:
1. is incorrect. (middle school students 10, senior students 5)
2. Because the Chinese rose and the dripping Guanyin are not the same plant, the comparability is poor. (middle school students 10, senior students 5)
3 Pay attention to the following two points: (5 points)
A, selecting two plants with similar size and the same variety
B. besides sunshine, other conditions (such as watering, etc. ) should be the same to be comparable.
4. The result of the experiment is not unique. It depends on what plants students choose to study. Because there are shade-loving plants and sun-loving plants, it is necessary to analyze the specific problems. (5 points)
5. Composition title: (20 points)
Reference scoring standard:
1. The format is correct and has a title (3 points).
2. Fluent writing and clear reasoning (15)
3. Incorporate your feelings and thoughts (2 points)
Additional questions: hands-on questions (do the first two questions in junior high school and do them all in senior high school). 20 points)
Reference answer of landfill experiment
1. After two weeks, the garbage in the first group has rotted, and the garbage in the second group has not changed. (middle school students 10, senior students 5)
2. Some garbage (such as food) in life will decompose underground, but some garbage (such as metal) will not decompose when buried underground. (middle school students 10, senior students 5)
3. It is best to recycle by classification. For example, the waste paper of the first group, the iron wire of the second group and the waste plastic can be recycled separately; The leftovers of the first group can be eaten next time if they do not deteriorate, and can also be used as feed for poultry and livestock; If it deteriorates, it can be concentrated in the biogas digester to make biogas or compost, and the really unusable can be buried. (10)
The 9th1International Science and Peace Week (Jiangsu)
"Yike Cup" Golden Key Science and Technology Competition
Junior high school personal preliminary reference answer
(Full score 130, 20 points for additional questions)
I. Knowledge questions (30 points)
(a), multiple-choice questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 points)
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(2) True or false questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 point)
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Second, comprehensive application questions
1. Science in Poetry (10 score)
(1) D (2 points)
(2) The temperature we say here refers to the temperature near the ground. Because the short-wave radiation of sunlight is rarely intercepted by the atmosphere and directly reaches the ground to heat the ground; At the same time, the ground radiates energy through long-wave radiation. Due to the high content of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the near-surface atmosphere, it has strong absorption ability for long-wave radiation, and the lower the altitude, the higher the temperature. The higher the altitude, the thinner the air, the less the energy of long-wave radiation is intercepted by the atmosphere, and the lower the temperature. At the same time, the higher the altitude, the faster the heat loss on the ground, so the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature. (4 points)
(3) Answer: According to the contour map, the height of point B is 1400 meters.
Therefore, the temperature at point B is 35-(1400-200) ÷100× 0.6 = 27.8℃ (2 minutes).
(4) Answer: "At sunrise, the river is redder than the fire. In spring, the river is as green as blue."
"The peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the spring river plumbing duck prophet."
"If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn."
"Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February."
"The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season. Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze. "
"Jasper makeup into a tree high, hanging green silk sash in ten thousand. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " (2 points)
2. Manual power generation LED flashlight (10 points)
(1) answer: kinetic energy (mechanical energy) is converted into electrical energy; Or the magnet moves in the coil to make the conductor cut the magnetic field lines, generate induced voltage, charge the rechargeable battery, and make the bulb glow. (4 points)
(2) Answer: ① Energy-saving LED bulbs consume little electricity; (2 points)
(2) environmental protection does not need to replace the battery, reducing pollution. (2 points)
(3) Answer: 5× (60-11) 4× 365× 0.56/1000 = 200.31yuan (2 points).
Third, divergent thinking questions (10)
Reference answers: (3 answers, plus 10, no extra points for multiple answers)
Language: Idiom: A dragonfly touches the water.
Poetry: Xiao He only shows sharp horns, and dragonflies have long stood on his head; Mud does not touch, clear but not demon; The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers in the sun are of different colors;
Biology:
Lotus can bear lotus seeds after flowering. Lotus seeds can be eaten, lotus plumule can be used as medicine, and lotus root can be used for cooking.
Dragonflies belong to insects; Insects have six feet; Dragonflies have symmetrical wings; Dragonfly's head is heavier than its abdomen, so its legs are distributed in the chest, which makes it easy to keep balance. Dragonfly larvae live in water; Dragonflies are beneficial insects; Dragonflies usually prey on mosquitoes and other small insects, such as flies and butterflies. Dragonflies fly low and it will rain; Dragonflies have extremely developed compound eyes, which can be both farsighted and nearsighted.
Military: Dragonflies can stay in the air like helicopters.
Physics: Force Balance of Dragonflies in the Air
Four, research exercises (30 points)
1. It burns the gaseous state (or gas or steam) of the candle; (3 points)
2.① If the airway is too long, the candle vapor will condense into a solid state and cannot be led out from the end of the catheter; (4 points)
(2) The candle vapor in the center of the mother flame does not burn in contact with oxygen, but is still candle vapor. (4 points)
3. Verification scheme:
① Change a long airway, wrap the catheter with a wet towel, and then do an ignition test at the other end of the catheter. (10)
② Phenomenon:
If Xiao Ming is right, you can ignite the catheter; Take off the towel, and there is no condensed solid on the inner wall of the test tube. (3 points)
If Tucki is correct, the catheter mouth cannot be ignited; Take off the towel, and the condensed solids can be seen on the inner wall of the test tube. (3 points)
If the powder is correct, the air duct mouth can be ignited and the flame is small; Take off the towel, there is condensation on the inner wall of the test tube. (3 points)
Five, composition questions (40 points)
Scoring standard:
1. The content is pertinent and substantial, and the orientation is positive and correct. (12)
2. Unique and innovative perspective. (15)
3. The language is standardized and the sentences are fluent. (10)
4. The number of words meets the requirements. (3 points)
Six, hands-on questions (additional questions) (20 points)
Considering that physical objects may not be able to collect scores, only questions and answers are graded. As long as you answer the science, students can give points as appropriate.
Reference answers to questions and grading standards
1. When the pressure bar is pulled up slowly, the pressure in the inner cavity is less than atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference pushes water into the gun bore. (5 points)
People do work on water and convert it into kinetic energy of water. (5 points)
3. The main factors affecting the performance of the water gun are: ① the tightness of the piston and barrel should be appropriate, too loose will leak water and consume some energy in vain; It's too tight. It takes too much energy to overcome friction. (2) The orifice size of the water outlet should be appropriate, too large, with large water output and short range; Too small, the water output is too small, and the water flows quickly. (3) The surface of the outlet hole should be smooth to reduce friction; (4) The water spraying end of the barrel should be tapered to reduce energy loss; If the outlet hole is properly lengthened, the acceleration time of the water flow can be prolonged, so that the water flow can obtain a higher initial outlet speed and shoot further. (10)
The 9th1International Science and Peace Week (Jiangsu)
"Yike" Cup Golden Key Science and Technology Competition
Senior high school personal preliminary reference answer
(in 150)
1. knowledge question (this question consists of multiple-choice questions and true-false questions, 30 questions * * *, each question 1 minute)
(a) multiple-choice questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 points)
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(2) True or false questions (each question 1 point, *** 15 point)
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Second, comprehensive application questions (***2 questions, each 10, ***20 points)
1. Answer: (1) The bottle mouth was open before modification. When faucet C is turned on, the liquid level is equal to the atmospheric pressure at C, and the beverage flow rate changes with the liquid level. After modification, the liquid layer pressure at A is equal to the external atmospheric pressure, that is, the AB liquid column pressure plus the upper air pressure in the bottle is equal to the external atmospheric pressure. That is to say, the flow rate of faucet C is only affected by the height of liquid layer between AC, and the flow rate will not change as long as the vertical height between AC remains unchanged. (6 points)
(2) If you want to change the tap water flow, you can change the height of AC liquid layer, increase glass tubes, increase AC, increase pressure and increase flow; On the contrary, the flow rate decreases; If A and C are flat and the internal and external pressures are equal, the beverage will not flow out. (4 points)
2. A: This idea is actually a "perpetual motion machine" that does not consume energy. The intention is good, but the equipment is not. This is because although water can rise along the B pipe and reach the outlet through the curved part, a convex liquid level will be formed at the nozzle. The resultant force of the surface tension of the convex surface is vertical upward, which is equivalent to the gravity of the water column of pipe A, but now it only bears the gravity of a small water column with pipe B downward, which is far less than the surface tension of the convex surface at the nozzle, so the water can't come out and the device naturally can't operate. (10)
Third, divergent thinking questions (10)
Can Archimedes move the earth?
A: This is absolutely impossible. Because ① we can't find that fulcrum; (2) lever cannot be manufactured; ③ People have nowhere to stand and operate the lever; (4) The earth not only rotates, but also rotates around the sun at a high speed, so it can't stop to move; ⑤ Even if the fulcrum is found, the lever is available, people have a place to stand and operate, the earth stops, and Archimedes can't move the earth. (5 points)
Let's do some calculations:
Suppose Archimedes erected a lever system to pry the earth, and the whole system was in the environment of g = 10 m/s2; The gravity of the lever is ignored; Archimedes can lift a weight of 60 kilograms at a uniform speed, that is, his thrust f = 600 n; Lever short arm1m.
It is known that the mass of the earth is M=6× 1024 kg, and its gravity f is 6×1025 n. In order to lift the earth, the long arm of the lever should be 1× 1023 times that of the short arm, the short arm should be 1 m and the long arm should be 6544. The average distance between the sun and the earth is1.500 million kilometers). If you want to pry up the earth 1 cm, one end of the long arm has to move about 1× 10 18 km in space to complete it. If Archimedes can move 1 meter per second, it will take 1× 102 1 sec ≈3× 10 13 years (30 trillion years). If he works 365 days a year and 24 hours a day, it will take 30 trillion years to move the earth to 1 cm. As can be seen from the above data, it is absolutely impossible to shake the mountain. (5 points)
Of course, Archimedes didn't really think that giving a fulcrum would make the earth move, but he exaggeratedly described the feat of using the lever principle to achieve four or two thousand pounds. However, although the use of leverage can save labor, it does not save work. If you want to save some energy, just walk more; If you put more effort into it, the journey can be shortened. In short, no one can be lazy.
Fourth, research exercises: (20 points)
Study on anti-skid performance of sole
Tip: this question can use the original length l. Rubber bands are tied to shoes. First, measure the length L 1 when the shoes are suspended vertically. Then put it on different level ground, and measure the L2 length when the shoe is about to slide. Finally, according to the friction coefficient μ = (L2-l0)/(L1-l0) = △ L1△ L2, the maximum friction coefficient μ is obtained. The unit of l is millimeter.
Scoring standard:
1. study hard and have a positive attitude; (5 points)
2. The table design is reasonable and the recorded data is complete; (5 points)
3. The research process is orderly and the paper format meets the requirements; (5 points)
4. The discussion is serious and the content involved is logical and reasonable. (5 points)
Exercise: cook a dish for mom and dad (30 points)
"Make a dish for mom and dad" reference answer:
(1) Name of dish: (Take fried vegetables as an example)
Cooking knowledge
1. Purchase: ① Fresh vegetables with high vitamin content. ② Too long storage time at room temperature will not only reduce vitamin C greatly, but also increase the harmful substance nitrite. (3) What kind of vegetables to buy should be considered together with other food nutrients in order to obtain a reasonable nutritional mix.
2. Washing: ① Vegetables should be washed first and then cut, not cut first and then washed, so as to avoid a large loss of nutrients. (2) In order to reduce possible pesticide residues, soak them properly after washing and change water in time. ③ Most pesticides are acidic, which can be neutralized by soaking in rice washing water or weakly alkaline water. (4) Washing vegetables with warm water in winter can improve the internal energy of substance molecules and make dirt easy to wash off.
3. Cut: ① Don't cut the vegetables too finely, so as not to lose too much nutrition when frying. ② The sharpness of the kitchen knife is related to the thickness of the blade. Applying the same force, the thin blade produces stronger pressure and the knife is sharper. On the contrary, the slower. (3) When cutting vegetables, the fingers of the left hand holding the vegetables should be properly bent, so that one side of the knife is close to the back of the protruding fingers, forming a triangular stable structure, which is stable in operation, easy to exert force and not easy to hurt the fingers. ④ The size and thickness of the cut vegetables should be consistent as much as possible, so that the frying time in the pot is basically the same. Avoid the phenomenon that the small dishes are rotten and the big ones are not ripe because of the different sizes of dishes.
4. Cooking: ① Don't use too much oil, otherwise it will make people fat; It is not delicious without oil, and fat-soluble vitamins cannot be dissolved and absorbed by the human body. ② It is not easy to put too much salt (the United Nations Health Organization recommends 6 grams per day for adults), and eating too salty food for a long time is easy to get high blood pressure. If the salt is too little for a long time, it will make the sodium imbalance in the body, which is not good for health. (4) The cooking process is that the heat released by fuel oxidation heats the dishes and cooks through the conduction of the pot. ⑤ The purpose of frying food is to make the food heated evenly and avoid pinching and local overheating. Burned food will produce harmful substances and cannot be eaten. ⑥ The size of cooking fire and the length of heating time should be appropriate. If the fire is too big and the time is too long, the loss of vitamin C will be more serious. On the other hand, if the food is not cooked, it will not kill pathogenic bacteria, which will not only affect absorption, but also easily lead to diseases.
5. Sheng: ① It is best to use ceramic, glass and enamel tableware for the container of vegetables, but it is not advisable to use glazed porcelain, otherwise the heavy metals in the pigment will be dissolved out, which is harmful to human health. ② Stainless steel tableware should not hold sour and salty food for a long time, because after a long time, acid and reducing substances will corrode stainless steel and some harmful substances will dissolve out. ③ General plastic tableware is not suitable for serving, because various additives in plastic will dissolve out, which is harmful to human body.
6. Eat: ① The fried vegetables are exposed to the air, and their vitamin C is easily oxidized and lost, so they should be eaten as soon as possible. 2 it is not easy to eat too hot food, otherwise the mouth, esophagus and stomach will be scalded, and the scalded place will not heal for a long time and there will be lesions. (3) Diet should not be partial to food to avoid malnutrition.
7. Preservation: ① Leftover food should be quickly cooled and stored in the refrigerator to avoid exposure to the air, and a large number of bacteria will multiply and deteriorate. (2) Most vegetables should be eaten immediately, not for a long time, otherwise the nitrate in vegetables will become toxic nitrite.
(3) Parents' comments, their own comments and feelings
The purpose of this topic is not only to hope that students can do something to improve their life skills during the holidays, but also to hope that students can truly feel the hardships of their parents and realize that knowledge is needed everywhere in life, so as to respect their parents, share more family responsibilities and motivate themselves to study hard.
1. Make a dish carefully according to the requirements of the topic. (10)
2. Cooking knowledge: You can simply write 1 ~ 2 pieces of knowledge in each of the seven links to get full marks. (15)
3. Parents' evaluation is true, and their own evaluation and feelings are realistic. (5 points)