For ceramics, the origin of artistic porcelain is relatively early. The reason why China is called China also shows that it is a brilliant page in the history of China civilization development. Art porcelain is different from daily-use porcelain and architectural ceramics, which mainly embodies the appreciation value, but different from ceramic materials in universities or high-tech fields, which study its mechanical properties or various special functions. Therefore, you can explore its development history and demonstrate it.
First of all, the origin:
Pottery is the earliest handicraft product of mankind, and its emergence is closely related to the gradual transition from hunting life to settled life and engaging in agriculture.
Engels once described the invention of pottery as follows: "It can be proved that in many places, even all places, pottery was invented because clay was coated on woven or wooden containers in order to make it fire-resistant. Therefore, it was soon discovered that molded clay can be used for this purpose without an internal container. " The appearance of pottery also marks the beginning of human culture from Paleolithic to Neolithic.
When did China's pottery originate? With the continuous discovery of Neolithic cultural sites, there are different opinions. So far, the earliest pottery in China has been found in both the north and the south.
Secondly, introduce the development:
First, the Yin and Shang Dynasties.
White pottery carved in Shang Dynasty about 3,000 years ago was unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province, and later found in Zhengzhou and Huixian. In addition to the white pottery of the Shang Dynasty, a small amount of glazed pottery was also found in the early ruins of Zhengzhou and the late ruins of Anyang. The glazed pottery of late Yin Dynasty in Anyang is yellowish and reddish in color, and the firing atmosphere is oxidized. The glaze layer thickness is 0.0 1mm, and it is lime glaze.
The transition from unglazed to glazed in Shang Dynasty was a great progress in technology and a great achievement in pottery making technology, which created the necessary conditions for the transition from pottery to porcelain. (the first leap)
Second, the Zhou Dynasty
Zhou dynasty inherited the tradition of Shang dynasty on glazed pottery, and unearthed a large number of glazed pottery, all of which were bean-shaped and slightly blue in glaze color.
An important development in the application of pottery in Zhou Dynasty is to expand the application of pottery in architecture. Brick and tile has become an important raw material for building, and firing brick and tile has also become the key business of ceramic industry.
Third, the Qin Dynasty (2265438 BC+0 ~ 206 BC)
The Great Wall and Epang Palace in Qin Dynasty were built with a large number of bricks, which shows that building ceramic materials have been widely used. 1975 The giant terracotta warriors and horses unearthed on the east side of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong, Shaanxi Province are similar in size to real horses, vivid in shape and exquisite in craftsmanship. They are rare giant sculptures in ancient times, which shows that the modeling and firing of pottery figurines in Qin Dynasty are perfect, and they are brilliant achievements in the development history of ceramic technology in China.
Fourth, the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
The Han Dynasty is a very developed era of pottery manufacturing in China. At this time, pottery workshops were established in various places to produce pottery in large quantities, especially glazed pottery. According to ancient records, it is said that Jingdezhen pottery began in the Han Dynasty.
Finally, China's porcelain flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and now many priceless porcelains were produced during the Qianlong period of Kangxi.
At this point, we can make a turning point. Ancient art porcelain was used for appreciation, so we didn't do a deep study on the specific internal structure and microstructure, which means that they only made great progress in porcelain modeling and glaze preparation, such as mechanical properties. However, modern ceramics are different. Nowadays, people who study materials are studying special ceramics or various composite materials related to ceramics. How to make something with technical content and demand is very important.
About ceramic technology. At present, people's main research direction is ceramics with various special functions, such as dielectric ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, thermal/gas/humidity sensitive ceramics, conductive ceramics and so on. High-strength, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant ceramic materials expand the application space because of their functions, and can meet the needs of more special occasions, thus promoting the progress of science and technology. You know, for traditional ceramics, the manufacturing process is nothing more than the preparation, molding and firing of raw materials. Although the specific processes of special ceramics are different, they are inseparable from these three steps, but each process is more detailed and accurate. For example, in terms of raw materials, the preparation of ceramic powder adopts solid/gas/liquid phase preparation technology and plasma synthesis technology to produce powder with certain particle size and uniformity, or even a certain shape to improve it. The molding method is similar, the sintering process is more complicated, and various additives need to be added. The choice of additives depends on the different ceramic phases you want to form. In addition, there are ceramic-based composites. Because there are many complementary properties among metals, polymers and ceramic materials, for example, ceramic particles can be used to reinforce polymers, and some metal oxides can be added to ceramics to improve their properties.
To sum up, we can generally draw the conclusion that modern ceramics are used by people as a material, so we must pay attention to technology and function, while artistic porcelain started in ancient times is only appreciated as works of art, so they pay attention to design rather than production technology.
The above calculation is just my humble opinion, I hope it will help your paper!