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Rural Microfinance Paper: Analysis and Countermeasures of Rural Microfinance in China

Abstract: As a big agricultural country, China attaches more importance to agriculture. The purpose of rural microfinance is to provide opportunities for poor farmers or micro-enterprises to start their own businesses and develop themselves through financial services. In order to promote them to self-microfinance, we should do the following: strengthen channels; Establish diversified rural financial service institutions; Innovate microfinance products and services according to local conditions.

Keywords:: rural small letters research

China library classification number: f832.4 document identification number: Part A number:1002-2589 (2011)14-0147-02.

First, the development status of rural microfinance in China

(A) China rural areas

From 65438 to 0994, China Academy of Social Sciences conducted a pilot project of microfinance on the basis of cooperation with international organizations. It was not until 2005 that China began to pilot microfinance independently. Since 2000, the demand of rural credit cooperatives for "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is based on the deposits of rural credit cooperatives and the refinancing of the central bank. By 2006, 32,000 rural credit cooperatives had provided micro-credit services, accounting for 50% of the total number of credit cooperatives. According to the statistics of the central bank, by the end of 20 10, the total assets of rural financial institutions in China had exceeded 10 trillion yuan, accounting for1/0.3% of the total assets of all banking financial institutions. Among the agricultural loans, farmers' loans amounted to 2 trillion yuan, accounting for all banking countries. The sources of funds for rural microfinance development are mainly government poverty alleviation funds, private small grants and microfinance conditions from no more than two banking financial institutions.

The materials needed for the micro-loan of Zhonghe Rural Credit Cooperative are as follows:

1. Materials to be submitted in applying for micro-loan of rural credit cooperatives 1) Copy of ID card;

2) farmer's loan certificate;

(3) the seal of the applicant; (four) other materials required by the rural credit cooperatives. Second, the loan conditions 1) The applicant has legal status;

2) Farmers are farmers within the jurisdiction of credit cooperatives;

(3) The applicant has full capacity for civil conduct;

4) The applicant or family members have the ability to work, produce or operate;

5) The applicant has a stable economic income;

6) The applicant has good credit and the ability to repay the principal and interest of the loan;

(seven) other conditions stipulated by the rural credit cooperatives.

3. What is the difference between the credit models of rural credit cooperatives and non-governmental organizations?

(1) Lending institution. Rural credit cooperatives are lending institutions for small credit loans for farmers; Non-governmental organizations The lending institutions of microfinance are government organizations, non-governmental organizations, government banks, commercial banks, savings and loan cooperatives and other credit organizations.

(2) Sources of funds. The sources of funds for micro-credit loans of rural credit cooperatives are deposits absorbed according to law and re-loans from the central bank; Non-governmental organization microfinance is funded by donations and transfers from non-governmental organizations, deposits from various banks and credit cooperatives, loans from commercial banks and investment portfolios that raise funds from the capital market and issue loans.

(3) the purpose of the loan. The purpose of micro-credit loans of rural credit cooperatives is mainly to support farmers' small-scale planting and breeding production, and the purpose of micro-credit loans of non-governmental organizations is to develop productive small projects.

(4) loan method. The loan method of micro-credit loans of rural credit cooperatives is based on the reputation of farmers; Non-governmental organizations need to guarantee and mortgage small loans or require borrowers to have some savings.

(5) the loan object. The loan object of micro-credit loans of rural credit cooperatives is farmers; Non-governmental micro-loans are targeted at urban and rural low-income people, self-employed people or specific groups.

(6) loan objectives. The goal of micro-credit loans of rural credit cooperatives is to promote the development of farmers' planting and aquaculture, thereby increasing farmers' income and promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure; The loan goal of non-governmental organization microfinance is to promote the urban and rural poor to reduce poverty, increase employment and reduce the dependence of rural families on crop cultivation through diversification.

4. What's the difference between lending in rural credit cooperatives and lending in other banks?

At present, the loan interest rate pricing of rural credit cooperatives can be summarized as follows: 1, and policy pricing: some poverty alleviation loans, national student loans, planting and agricultural and sideline products processing industries, which are mainly concentrated in farmers' entrepreneurial guarantee fund loans, all implement the benchmark interest rate, accounting for a relatively low proportion of rural credit cooperatives loans. 2. Interest-oriented pricing: mainly for ordinary farmers, individual industrial and commercial households and small and medium-sized private enterprises. The interest rate of such loans is relatively high, and rural credit cooperatives generally rise by more than 50%. Moreover, such loans account for a relatively high proportion in rural credit cooperatives and are the main source of interest income of rural credit cooperatives. 3. Competitive pricing: Gold customers mainly concentrated in service areas are loans actively marketed by rural credit cooperatives. Generally speaking, these enterprises are large in scale, strong in strength, good in efficiency, strong in liquidity and large in settlement of funds, and they are also the targets of financial institutions. The loan interest rates of these enterprises generally do not rise or fall. 4. Preferential pricing: mainly for loans pledged by certificates of deposit of rural credit cooperatives or other financial institutions, loans pledged by bank acceptance bills, and loans whose share in rural credit cooperatives is far greater than the loan amount. The interest rate of such loans generally does not rise by more than 20%, which is commonly known as the "preferential interest rate". 5. Market-oriented pricing: The interest rate of such loans is generally not fixed, and can be adjusted at any time with the change of market conditions, mainly by discounting bank acceptance bills. What is a micro-credit loan for farmers? Farmers' micro-credit loans are loans granted by credit cooperatives within the approved quota (that is, less than 20,000 yuan) and time limit according to the credit reputation of farmers, the actual situation of credit cooperatives and the local economic development level. What conditions should a borrower have? Farmers' microfinance loans must meet the following conditions at the same time: 1. Farmers or individual farmers in the community have full capacity for civil conduct. 2. Strong credit concept and good credit status. 3, engaged in land farming or other breeding business activities in line with national industrial policies, and have a reliable source of income. 4, the family must have the ability to understand the production or management of labor. What are the provisions on the use and arrangement order of small credit loans for farmers? The purpose and sequence of micro-credit loans for farmers are: 1, loans for agricultural production expenses such as aquaculture and aquaculture, and loans for fertilizers, pesticides, seedlings, seeds and feed. 2. Individual and private loans for agricultural production. 3, agricultural machinery loans, for cattle, pumps, threshers and other small agricultural machinery. 4, small-scale irrigation and water conservancy capital construction loans. What are the procedures for issuing micro-credit loans to farmers? The granting procedure of micro-credit loans for farmers is: 1. Farmers apply for loans from credit cooperatives. 2. The loan officer investigates farmers' demand for production funds and family income, grasps the borrower's credit status, and puts forward preliminary opinions. 3. The credit rating team determines the loan amount and issues the loan certificate according to the information provided by the credit personnel. 4. Farmers can apply for loans to the credit cooperatives once or several times according to the prescribed procedures with the loan certificate within the approved quota. How is the amount of micro-credit loans for farmers approved? The amount of micro-credit loans for farmers is based on the credit rating of farmers. When evaluating the credit rating and amount, the rating should be based on the opinions of local credit officers or representatives of prestigious members, villagers' groups and information provided by village committees. According to different grades, different loan quotas are approved once a year, with a maximum amount of 20,000 yuan. The credit rating of farmers is divided into several credit ratings. What is their rating standard? What is the credit loan amount for each grade? Farmers' credit rating standards are divided into four grades: excellent, good, average and poor. 1, and the standard of "excellent" grade is: (1) At present, there are no outstanding loans or all loans due have been paid off. The annual per capita net income of a family is more than 2,000 yuan. (3) Self-owned funds account for 50% of the funds needed for production. 2. The standard of "good" grade is: (1) have a stable and reliable income source, the loan balance is below 3,000 yuan, and the interest can be paid off on schedule. (2) The annual per capita net income of the family is between1000-2,000 yuan. 3. The standard of "general" level is: (1) The family has basic labor force, and the annual per capita net income of farmers is below 654.38+10,000 yuan. (2) The amount of the loan owed is less than 2,000 yuan, and the interest of the previous year is not in arrears. 4. The grade standard of "poor" is: (1) The family has basic labor force, but it is not good at management. (2) The annual per capita net income of the family is around 500 yuan, the loan balance is below 1 000 yuan, and the interest of the previous year has not been paid. 5. Credit lines of various grades: "excellent" 20,000 yuan, "good"10,000 yuan, "ordinary" 5,000 yuan, and "poor" without opening a letter of credit.