(other names) acetylsalicylic acid; Salicylic acid; Bamir; Acetylsalicylic acid)
(Character and stability) This product is white crystal or crystalline powder; It has no smell or slight acetic acid smell, slightly acidic, easily soluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether, slightly soluble in water, unstable in nature, slowly decomposed into salicylic acid and acetic acid in humid air, slightly acidic, and should be stored in a closed and dry place to prevent decomposition.
(In vivo process) This product is easily absorbed after oral administration, and is quickly decomposed into free salicylic acid in the body, which is distributed all over the body. The effective anti-inflammatory concentration of plasma is 150-300 μ g/ml, while the toxic concentration is above 200 μ g/ml, so it is necessary to prevent cumulative poisoning. This product is mainly metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidney. When combined with sodium bicarbonate, the excretion of free drugs increased, the blood drug concentration decreased and the drug action time shortened.
(Drug action) This product has a strong antipyretic and analgesic effect, which can reduce the body temperature of patients with fever, but has little effect on normal body temperature, and can only relieve symptoms, but cannot treat the cause. This product can also reduce the production of prostaglandin, a pain-sensitive substance in inflammatory sites, so it has obvious analgesic effect and good curative effect on chronic pain, but it is ineffective for acute pain or short-term stabbing pain.
This product also has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. The fever can be reduced within 24-48 hours after taking acute rheumatic fever, and the symptoms of joint swelling and pain are obviously alleviated.
The product also has the effects of resisting platelet aggregation, prolonging bleeding time and preventing thrombosis.
Indications: It is widely used for fever, headache, toothache, muscle pain, joint pain, low back pain, menstrual pain and postoperative minor wound pain caused by various reasons.
For patients who have been diagnosed with rheumatic fever, active rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis and osteoarthritis, this product can be used for maintenance treatment.
Small doses of drugs (40-50 mg per day) are used to prevent transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction or other postoperative thrombosis.
(Adverse reactions and precautions) 1. The most common reactions are: gastrointestinal dysfunction, manifested as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Long-term high-dose use can cause gastritis, occult bleeding, aggravated ulcer formation and gastrointestinal bleeding. If you take it with a proper amount of calcium carbonate after meals, it can reduce the occurrence of reactions, but it is not suitable to take it with sodium bicarbonate, because the latter can accelerate the excretion of this product and reduce the curative effect.
2. Less common reactions are: (1) Effect on coagulation system: Long-term high-dose administration can inhibit thrombin synthesis and increase bleeding tendency. Because this product irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time, patients who are using heparin and coumarin anticoagulants and patients with severe liver diseases or hemorrhagic diseases (such as hemophilia) should not use this product. (2) Allergy: A few abnormal patients may have allergic reactions such as urticaria, mucosal congestion and asthma. Among them, allergic asthma is more common, characterized by dyspnea and wheezing within a few minutes after taking the medicine, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, patients with a history of asthma should not use this product. (3) Poisoning reaction: Long-term and large-scale application of this product can cause headache, dizziness, tinnitus, decreased vision and hearing, lethargy, sweating and other reactions, which is a manifestation of chronic salicylate poisoning and is more common in the treatment of rheumatism. In severe cases, mental disorders, acid-base imbalance and bleeding should be stopped immediately, and various symptomatic treatment measures should be taken. (4) Damage to liver and kidney: Children with juvenile arthritis and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with this product for a long time often have changes in liver function, but they can still recover after stopping taking the medicine.
3. Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers should use this product with caution. Patients with poor liver and kidney function should use this product with caution or disable it. Pregnant women and lactating women should use or disable this product with caution.
4. Children should use it under the guidance of a doctor, especially after patients are infected with chickenpox and flu, they should be closely observed.
(Drug overdose and treatment) Salicylate poisoning: The daily oral dose of this product exceeds 5g, which may cause salicylate reaction; If the dosage is too large, it can cause salicylate poisoning; If the oral dose is 10-30g, it may lead to adult death. The most common initial signs of adult poisoning are reversible tinnitus, stuffy ear and deafness, but they are not reliable indications of poisoning in children and some elderly patients, and even large doses may not necessarily cause tinnitus; People with hearing impairment can't judge by this. The initial symptoms of overdose in children are hyperventilation, paroxysmal shortness of breath and drowsiness.
Initial dose poisoning: manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, severe cases of hemorrhagic gastritis and toxic hepatitis and other symptoms.
Acute poisoning: headache, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, visual impairment, diplopia, anxiety, no matter how many times you talk, fear, manic delirium, hand and foot convulsions, tremors, convulsions, high fever and hyperhidrosis; With the development of poisoning, the central excitement is gradually suppressed, resulting in numbness, coma, wheezing and cyanosis, which eventually leads to respiratory and circulatory failure.
Stop taking medicine immediately and use glucose solution containing sodium bicarbonate intravenously to accelerate drug excretion; If there is bleeding, blood transfusion or vitamin K supplement should be given. Patients with severe overdose can consider hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
(Drug Interaction) (1) Ethanol can aggravate the damage of this product to gastric mucosa.
(2) If it is combined with coumarin anticoagulants, it can increase bleeding tendency.
(3) This product can inhibit the uric acid excretion of probenecid and bensulfuron-methyl, especially in large doses.
(4) If combined with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal adverse reactions will increase and the anti-inflammatory effect will decrease.
(5) Glucocorticoid can stimulate the secretion of gastric acid and reduce the resistance of gastric and duodenal mucosa to gastric acid. If used together, it will aggravate gastrointestinal bleeding.
(6) This product can increase the effects and toxicity of metformin, methotrexate, barbiturates and phenytoin sodium.
(Usage and dosage) Oral. Antipyretic and analgesic, adults take 300-600 mg once, three times a day or when necessary. Children 1-2 years old, 75mg； at a time; 2-4 years old once150mg; 4-6 years old, 225 mg once, 6-9 years old, 300mg； once; 9- 1 1 year, 375mg； at a time; 11-12 years old, 450 mg once, three times a day.
Prevention of thrombosis and myocardial infarction, 75-325mg once,/kloc-0 once a day.
(Limited dosage form) Tablets, water-soluble tablets, enteric-coated tablets, suppositories, powders, sustained-release tablets and compound preparations.
Aspirin: tablets, each containing 0.3 g and 0.5 g of aspirin, for oral administration. Usage as above. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Aspirin suppository: suppository, produced by Guangzhou Jingxiutang Pharmaceutical Factory. Each tablet contains 0. 1, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.5g aspirin. External use, rectal administration, 0.3-0.5g for adults once, three times a day; 0. 1.3g for children aged 0-3 years, 0.1-0/5g for children aged 3-6 years, and 0. 15-0.3g for children over 6 years, once a day. Store in a closed and dry place.
Aspirin chewable tablets: tablets, produced by Bayer Company in Germany. Each tablet contains 400 mg of aspirin and C240 mg of vitamin C, taken orally. Adults should take 1-2 tablets once, with a maximum of 8 tablets a day, and children over 3 years old should take 0.5- 1.5 tablets once, with a maximum of 4 tablets a day.
Aspirin enteric-coated tablets: tablets, produced by pharmaceutical factory of Shenyang Medical College. Each tablet contains 40 mg of aspirin, and each bottle contains 100 tablets for oral administration. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Aspirin enteric-coated tablets: tablets, each containing 0.3g of aspirin, each bottle 100 tablets, taken orally. It has little irritation to gastrointestinal tract and is suitable for long-term medication. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Bamir (acetylsalicylic acid water-soluble tablets): tablets, produced by Astra (Wuxi) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., each containing aspirin 0. 1g, each containing 20 tablets; Each tablet contains 0.3 g and 0.5 g, and each tablet contains 10 tablets for oral administration. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Antipyretic and analgesic tablets (APC): tablets, produced by Jiamusi Chemical Pharmaceutical Factory, Heilongjiang Province. Each tablet contains 0.22g aspirin, 0. 15g acetaminophen and 0.035g caffeine orally. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Albin tablets: tablets, produced by Mudanjiang Pharmaceutical Factory and Datong Pharmaceutical Factory. Each tablet contains 0. 1g aspirin and 0.0 1g phenobarbital for oral administration. Suitable for children to reduce fever. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Baiketong (calcium urea acetylsalicylate powder): powder, produced by DSM Company of the Netherlands in Beijing Sixth Pharmaceutical Factory. 600 mg per bag, equivalent to 472 mg of aspirin, per box 10 bag, taken orally with warm water, with no more than 6 bags within 24 hours. Store in a closed place at room temperature.
Xidening: Effervescent Tablets, produced by Upsa Company in France. Each tablet contains 0.33 g of aspirin and C0.2 g of vitamin C, once for adults 1-3 tablets, four times a day; 4- 10 children 0.5- 1 tablet,10/5 children 1-2 tablets, 4 times a day, with an interval of at least 4 hours. Dissolve the tablets in water and take them. Store in a closed, cool and dry place.
A Xing: Capsule, produced by Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory. Each capsule contains 300 mg of zinc acetylsalicylate. It is mainly used to treat fever, headache, runny nose, stuffy nose, sore throat, general aches and other symptoms caused by common cold and flu. Take orally, once for adults 1-2 capsules, three times a day, and reduce the dosage for children as appropriate. Store in a closed and dry place.