Abstract: Language is a special culture, and the distribution of its cultural nature in all parts of the language is unbalanced. From the traditional point of view, language

Among the three components of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, vocabulary is the most culturally restrictive because it has more specific content. The relationship between language and culture has always been discussed.

The department starts with vocabulary, and loanwords are the best content to study this topic. The three characteristics of Chinese loanwords are from pure transliteration to free translation and pictograph.

Meaning and letter word borrowing. These characteristics are all influenced by western culture.

[Keywords:] Loanwords; Language contact; Cultural contact

The influence of western culture on Chinese vocabulary

Zhao Bin .. Ning

(Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China)

Resistance: Chinese loanwords are influenced by western culture. First of all. Described the characteristics of Chinese loanwords. Then hit the valve stem.

Cultural representation of Chinese loanwords. Finally, it shows that Chinese loanwords reflect the inclusiveness and creativity of language.

And cmsis.

Keywords: loan-World Bank; Language contact; Cultural contact

one

Characteristics of Chinese loanwords

Since the Opium War, especially before and after the May 4th Movement, the West

Cultural science has moved eastward on a large scale, which has a strong influence on eastern culture.

Influence. So far, Chinese has borrowed many words from English. involve

To science and technology, military, mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, psychology.

Science, physiology, politics, philosophy, economy, law, medicine, industry and commerce.

Industry, agriculture, diplomacy, religion and daily life. Borrower

There are various methods, mainly the following:

1. From pure transliteration to free translation

Since the Qing Dynasty, the feudal dynasty in China has been living in harmony with western countries.

Carry out trade and cultural exchanges. Many patriots seek

These ways of saving the country were all learned from western countries and absorbed many new ones.

Scientific words, new thoughts, are pure tones.

Translation is to mark the pronunciation of foreign words with homophonic Chinese characters. Ruying

Volt is transliterated as "V". Most transliterated words are special nouns.

(country name, place name, name, etc.). ), monetary unit, unit of measurement, dynamic

Names of plants, medicines, chemicals, artistic and scientific terms and history.

Special nouns and some everyday expressions, such as "London",

"mango", "shilling" and "ampere (ain—-

Pere) ","formalin (form~n) ","tango "and" sand "

Hair (sofa) ","clone ". However, many transliterated words cannot

Reflecting the concept or connotation of loanwords often leads to ambiguity.

Such as: democracy, Bree's home (predicative-

Ments), economy, etc. Later, with the development of the times.

Progressive, free translation of words is clear because it conforms to Chinese language habits.

Easy to understand, it gradually replaced the early pure transliteration words. Chinese has its own characteristics.

The law of language, the best interval of Chinese words, Chinese

Monosyllabic tendency of morphemes, serialization or systematization of Chinese vocabulary

China people's requirements and cognitive characteristics are mostly conducive to free translation rather than free translation.

Conducive to transliteration. China people's quirks about the inherent language and culture.

The strangeness and prejudice of national languages further hinder the transliteration of words.

So that the free translation words are in a more favorable position.

2. Idealization of glyphs

According to linguistic principles, the relationship between sound and meaning of language

There is no necessary connection. A brief introduction to the names of things in language

When words are translated into another language, they just sound similar to each other.

There is no semantic connection. When foreign words in English are borrowed from China.

After that, many literati wanted to sinicize, so they followed the tradition.

Write these foreign words in the way of "birds are safe, aquatic animals are fish"

Homophonic characters (Luo Changpei 1989). Like "Shark"

Loanwords make use of the characteristics of Chinese pictophonetic characters to maximize their sound and meaning.

A good combination, see the shape to generate meaning, see the shape to generate sound, and show the original words through fonts.

Sound and meaning.

3. The emergence of alphabetic words

China's reform and opening up not only attracted foreign investment, but also

With the increase of cultural and economic exchanges and cooperation between China and foreign countries, a large number of foreign words have appeared.

The influx of population in China. With the advent of the information society, the letter

Frequent information exchange requires simple words,

So a lot of alphabetic words are used. Alphabetic words generally contain larger letters.

The acronym of information, with only the first letter, is convenient and quick to use.

Jay. For example: D l(S (double income without children) Dink family.

WTO Court of Justice,

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Bachelor's degree, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC-

Ing countries) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, etc.

Each language has its own unique characteristics. When a language

When words enter another language, the host language will inevitably be opposed to the object.

The vocabulary of square language has been domesticated, which makes it change in form and content.

All aspects conform to the structural law and development law of the subject language.

The ways to absorb Chinese loanwords are transliteration, free translation and grapheme meaning.

All illustrate the role played by this law. Chinese has dual tones.

Section, tone, ideographic characteristics of Chinese characters, if foreign characters enter.

If you don't conform to these Chinese language rules when you enter Chinese, you will naturally be affected.

Exclusion, especially pure transliteration, is very important if it is not sinicized.

It is difficult to enter the Chinese vocabulary system. Therefore, the biggest Chinese loanwords

It is characterized by two syllables.

Second, the influence of western culture on Chinese.

The greatest influence of western culture on Chinese loanwords is witness.

The spread of religious culture. Experience the ancient culture of China.

The biggest external influences are the Buddhist culture of Vatican and India. Because of Buddhism

The influx of culture and the inherent combination of Confucianism and Taoism in the Central Plains have made

China's culture has begun a brand-new tradition. In a long seal

Before the end of Qing Dynasty, there was no foreign culture in society.

To compete with Buddhist culture, there is no foreign culture like it.

Buddhist culture has penetrated into all fields of social life, making people

The child's deep consciousness has also undergone major changes. With this new consciousness,

The new culture is accompanied by a large number of new words, among which there are voices.

There are thousands of foreign words translated, and the number is amazing. Although these foreign words

Most of them have quit in modern Chinese, or only exist among professionals.

The scope of use is very narrow, but they have been used for two thousand years.

But it is indelible. Just choose some words that are not unfamiliar.

One 128 one

Through the introduction, it can be proved that its influence has not been exaggerated.

For example: Brahma, Brahma F- 1, Budd-

Dha), Buddhism, Amitabha, Bodhisattva

(bodhi), repentance (I~ama), etc.

Another great influence of western culture on Chinese loanwords is that

Accompanied by western European science and culture. The infiltration of scientific culture is

This is inseparable from China's opening to the outside world. Opening up has brought western learning.

The wind of learning. China's large-scale opening-up began in the Yuan Dynasty. Chengjisi

Khan's expedition to Europe, Kublai Khan's rule in all directions, also opened China.

This door attracts many talented businessmen from other countries. One of the famous

Kyle Poirot, merchant of Venice; Nepalese architect Anika

And many European missionaries. The integration of Chinese and western cultures is reflected in

Astronomy, geography, science and technology, literature, religion. For the better.

Communicate with each other, there are many translators in the west, such as Italians.

Luo Mingjian (Michae 1 Ru Zui eri, 1580 came to China), Matteo Ricci.

(Matteo Ricci, 1583), Portuguese Fu.

(Francisco Furtado came to China in 162 1 year), a native of Tang Ruowang, Germany.

(Jean Adam Schell von bell, 1662 came to China) and so on about 70.

People. They have not only religious translation, but also scientific translation.

There are about 120 technical translations. China itself has risen.

A group of excellent translation masters, the earliest are Xuanzang and Yan Fu, are.

Later, there were Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao, Wang Hui and Li. Their translation.

Involving astronomy, mathematics, physics, mining and metallurgy, water conservancy, biology-

Science, scholasticism, logic and many other fields. There were more early translators.

Most of them introduce foreign words by transliteration.

Three. Concluding remarks

Language borrowing is often influenced by many factors, except culture.

Influence, as well as language kinship, social and personal factors.

Wait a minute. The extensive communication between Chinese and western cultures has led to the borrowing of English by Chinese.

Along with it, a large number of Chinese loanwords have emerged, which is the national cultural exchange.

The inevitable result is the inevitable language phenomenon. It can be big.

Greatly increase the vocabulary of borrowed languages and improve the expression ability of language learners.

Ability is an important way to enrich and develop language.

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