Is a computer programming language. It has the characteristics of both high-level language and assembly language. It can be used as a working system design language to write system applications, and it can also be used as an application programming language to write applications that do not depend on computer hardware. It has a wide range of applications and strong data processing ability, not only in software development, but also in various scientific research, starting with programming software, three-dimensional and two-dimensional graphics and animation. Specific applications such as single chip microcomputer and embedded system development.

Advantages: concise and compact, flexible and convenient, rich in operators and data types, C is a structured language, with less strict grammatical restrictions, great programming freedom, high quality of generated object code and high program execution efficiency.

Disadvantages: There is no object-oriented programming (OOPs), runtime type checking is not available, C cannot use the same variable name again in a range, constructors and destructors are not available, and variables must be manually destructed by methods or other means.

2.c++

Is an object-oriented programming language developed on the basis of C language, which is widely used. Its main features are shown in two aspects: one is as compatible as possible with C, and the other is to support object-oriented methods. It has mastered the concise and efficient characteristics of C language, and reformed and expanded the type system of C language.

Application fields: games, scientific computing, network software, distributed applications, operating systems, device drivers, mobile devices, embedded systems, education and scientific research, some industrial applications and other applications.

3.c#

Is Microsoft's solution to this problem. C# is a new object-oriented programming language.

Main features: simplicity, modernity, object-oriented, type safety, mutual compatibility, scalability and upgradeability.

Main fields: web application, client application, distributed computing, artificial intelligence, various games.

4. Visual language

A literal translation programming language. The name literally means "all-directional symbol instruction code for beginners". Programming languages designed for beginners can be run through an interpreter without compiling and linking programs, but if they need to be run independently, they still need to be created as executable files.

Features: (1) object-oriented and visual programming.

(2) Event-driven operation mechanism.

(3) Structured programming language.

(4) Multi-database access capability.

(5) Provide a fully functional integrated development environment for applications.

(6) Convenient online help function.

5.perl language

Is an explanatory scripting language. Perl language was successfully developed by Larrywall in 1986. The original purpose is mainly to deal with scripting languages designed for system tasks in Unix environment. Perl has a strong ability to process and convert files and characters, especially suitable for tasks related to system management, database and network interconnection, and WWW programming, which makes Perl the first choice tool language for system maintenance managers and CGI compilers.

Features:

1 interpreter. Perl is open source free software, so you don't have to worry about the cost of using Perl.

2.Perl can run on most operating systems and can be easily transplanted to different operating systems.

3.Perl is a language that can accomplish tasks. Perl was designed from the beginning as a language that can simplify simple tasks without losing the ability to deal with difficult problems. It can easily manipulate numbers, texts, files and directories, computers and networks, especially the language of programs. This language should be easy to run external programs and scan the output of these programs to get something of interest. Moreover, it should be easy to give these things you are interested in to other programs for special treatment. Of course, this language should also be easy to compile and run in any modern operating system.

6.java

Is an object-oriented programming language, which not only absorbs the advantages of c++ language, but also abandons the concepts of multiple inheritance and pointers that are difficult to understand in c++, so java language has two characteristics: powerful function and simple use. As the representative of static object-oriented programming language, java language perfectly realizes the object-oriented theory and allows programmers to carry out complex programming in an elegant way of thinking.

Features: simplicity, object-oriented, distributed, compilation and interpretation, robustness, security, portability, high energy, multiple clues and dynamics.

Applications: android application, server application in financial industry, website, embedded field, big data technology, high-frequency trading space, and scientific field.

7. objective -C

ObjC or OC is usually written, but Obj-C or ObJ-C is rarely used. It is an object-oriented programming language that extends C. It is mainly used in MacOSX and GNUstep, two systems that use OpenStep standards, and is the basic language in NeXTSTEP and OpenStep.

Features: 1, dynamic running environment, suitable for UI programming.

In Objective-C, the following syntax is not a simple function call, but a message to the object.

2. It is convenient to mix with C/C++

The c extension in Objective-C begins with the symbol @. Such as @class, @interface, @ "Hello, world". Its message sending syntax uses parentheses instead of parentheses.

3, the running speed is relatively fast

After compiling, Objective-C is a machine native instruction, and the runtime environment is small and compact. It adopts the memory management mode of reference counting and introduces ARC. ARC is easier to cause programming errors than GC, but it is faster than GC. When performance is very important, Objective-C can easily call C/C++ code directly. Compared with other mobile platforms that use virtual machines, adopt GC and indirectly call C/C++, the speed advantage is very obvious.

Applications: ios operating system, ios application, macosx operating system, and applications on Mac OS X.

8.PHP

Is a universal open source scripting language. Grammar absorbs the characteristics of C language, Java and Perl, which is beneficial to learning and widely used, mainly in the field of Web development. The unique syntax of PHP is a mixture of C, Java, Perl and PHP's own syntax. It can execute dynamic web pages faster than CGI or Perl. Compared with other programming languages, dynamic pages made by PHP embed programs into HTML (an application under standard generalized markup language) documents for execution, and the execution efficiency is much higher than CGI which completely generates HTML tags. PHP can also execute compiled code, which can realize encryption and optimize code operation, making the code run faster.

Features:

1.PHP's unique syntax is a mixture of C, Java, Perl and PHP's self-innovative syntax.

2.PHP can execute dynamic web pages faster than CGI or Perl. Compared with other programming languages,

PHP embeds programs into htmL documents for execution, which is much more efficient than CGI which generates HTML tags completely.

PHP has very powerful functions, and all CGI functions can be realized in PHP.

3.PHP supports almost all popular databases and operating systems.

The most important thing is that PHP can extend programs with C and C++!

9.python

It is an object-oriented interpretive computer programming language, which was invented by the Dutchman GuidovanRossum in 1989, and the first published version was published in 199 1.

Python is pure free software, and the source code and interpreter CPython follow the GPL(GNUGeneralPublicLicense) protocol. Python syntax is concise, and one of its characteristics is to force the use of spaces as statement indents.

Features: simple, easy to learn, fast, free, development, high-level language, portability, interpretation, object-oriented, scalability.

Application:

System programming, graphic processing, mathematical processing, text processing, database programming, network programming, multimedia application, pymo engine, hacker programming.

10.ruby

Is a simple and fast object-oriented programming scripting language, developed by Japanese YukihiroMatsumoto in 1990s, and abides by GPL protocol and RubyLicense. Its inspiration and characteristics come from Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada and Lisp languages.

superiority

Simple syntax, common object-oriented functions (classes, method calls, etc. ), special object-oriented functions (Mixin, special methods, etc. ), operator overloading, error handling function iterator and closure, garbage collection, dynamic loading and high portability.

The language features of 1 include several aspects.

The language characteristics of narrative, whether narrative or novel, prose or essay, communication or fairy tale, generally require vividness, image and vividness. As far as the language composition of narrative is concerned, there are about five partners, namely, narrative language, dialogue language, lyric language, description language and discussion language. Narrative language should be objective, conversational language should be personalized, lyric language should be emotional, descriptive language should be meticulous, and discussion language should be profound. Of course, these five partners may not be able to appear in the same article at the same time, but they only provide support when needed.

The linguistic features of argumentative writing are mainly embodied in accuracy, uniqueness and generality. Argumentative writing is argumentative writing. To make the truth clear, every sentence in the article should be accurate. The accuracy of argumentative language is often reflected in the modification of adverbials and attributes in sentences. Argumentative writing is an article that convinces people by reasoning. To convince people of the truth, the arguments of the article must be clear, and the author's attitude towards praise and criticism must be clear. What the author advocates, opposes, praises and criticizes in the article must be clearly told to the readers through clear views, sufficient arguments and rigorous argumentation, so as to reflect the characteristics of things. Therefore, the language generalization of argumentative essays is particularly strong, and rich content is often expressed in more abstract words.

The general requirements for interpreting the linguistic features of texts are accuracy, conciseness and expressiveness. Whether it is a description of things or things or a scientific sketch, it is no exception. Accuracy and conciseness are the most essential characteristics of expository writing. Judging from the main functions of expository writing, expository writing is mainly to spread knowledge. In order to make the knowledge spread by explanatory writing accurate, we must explain things calmly and objectively with accurate language and clarify things. Accuracy is the premise of explaining the language of writing; In order to make the expository text of spreading knowledge easy for readers to understand, the language of expository text must be concise. On this premise, due to the different language styles of the explanatory object, reader and author, the language characteristics of a specific explanatory article can be plain or beautiful, but sometimes it can be lively. Either general or specific; Or concise, or plump; Or concise and detailed; Or plain and simple, or humorous, depending on the specific article.

2 How to analyze language features

1, from the perspective of words and sentences

Thinking of solving problems: Choosing words and making sentences includes choosing words and sentence patterns, such as reduplication, verbs, onomatopoeia, adjectives and quantifiers, and the combination of whole sentences, scattered sentences, long sentences and short sentences. Grasping key words and special sentence patterns is a common way to appreciate sentences.

2. From the perspective of language style

Different genres of articles use different languages, for example, the language of prose is generally vivid, simple and natural, fresh and lively, or humorous, exaggerated and ironic, vivid; The language of expository writing is generally scientific, concise, accurate and natural; However, the language style of some philosophical articles is generally implicit and profound.

3. From the artistic point of view.

The way to solve the problem: artistic techniques are various specific means of expression adopted by the author to shape artistic images and express aesthetic feelings in his creation, such as contrast, contrast, lyricism with scenery, lyricism with objects, association, imagination, symbol and so on. The language functions of commonly used rhetorical devices include liveliness, harmonious rhythm, enhanced momentum and humor. Make the meaning expressed in the sentence more vivid and vivid.

What are the expressions of language?

There are mainly five forms of expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.

Narrative is the development of story and plot, and the position of characters is clearly explained, which makes the context and clues of the article clearer. Generally speaking, there are three main methods: direct sequence, flashback and interpolation;

Lyricism means that the author expresses his subjective feelings and thoughts and feelings in the article, which increases the appeal of the article and renders the atmosphere. Generally, there are direct lyric, narrative lyric, borrowing scenery lyric and discussion lyric.

Description is to use vivid language to describe the characters' state, movements, characteristics of scenery and colors of environment, giving people a sense of reality, deepening people's feelings about the beauty of objective things and making the article more attractive. Generally speaking, there are mainly descriptions of people, environment, scenes and details;

Description is to use concise and clear language to explain the shape, characteristics and functions of things clearly, to express the personality characteristics of characters clearly and to strengthen the expression of the content of the article;

Discussion is to analyze and comment on objective things, express one's own views and attitudes, strengthen the expression effect of the article, and clarify the theme of the article. Generally speaking, there are several types of discussion, including narrative discussion, reasoning with emotion, taking advantage of the situation and discussing outside the text.