Li Ling, whose name is Shao Qing, was Zhang Jian's mentor when he was a teenager. Good at riding and shooting, caring for others, humble to subordinates and having a good reputation. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that he had the demeanor of Li Guang, and asked him to lead 800 cavalry and go deep into Xiongnu territory for more than 2,000 miles. Looking at the terrain in Juyan area, I didn't see Xiongnu, so I returned.
Worship officials and ride a captain, lead 5,000 warriors, and teach archery in Jiuquan and Zhangye to guard against Xiongnu invasion. A few years later, General Han sent two divisions to crusade against Dawan, and Li Ling led five school soldiers to follow. When marching to the frontier fortress, I met the general of the second division and returned. The emperor wrote a letter to Li Ling, who left the officers and men behind, went out of Dunhuang with 500 Qingqi, went to Yanshui to meet the general of the Second Division and returned to Zhang Ye.
In the second year of Tian Han, the General of the Second Division led 30,000 troops to send troops to Jiuquan to attack Xiongnu Right Wang Xian in Tianshan Mountain. The emperor summoned Li Ling and asked him to be the transportation task of the second division general. Li Ling was summoned at Wutai, and bowed his head and said, "All the soldiers I led to the border are warriors and swordsmen from Jingchu. They are strong enough to catch tigers and shoot arrows. They hope to lead the team independently, attract Khan's troops to the south of Ganlan Mountain, and prevent the Huns from concentrating their forces on attacking the generals of the Second Division. "
The emperor said, "Where can I distribute your army?" I have sent a lot of troops, but no cavalry has been sent to you. "Li ling replied," there is no need to send cavalry. I am willing to attack the masses with fewer troops, and 5 thousand infantry can enter Khan Wang Ting. " The emperor thought he was brave and strong, so he agreed, so he asked a strong crossbow captain, Lubod, to lead troops to meet Li Lingjun on the road.
Fu Bo's former general Lubbock was also ashamed to defend Li Ling. He said last week: "Huns are fat in autumn, so let's not fight." I am willing to guard Liling until the spring, and at the same time, I will lead five thousand cavalry from Jiuquan and five thousand cavalry from Zhangye to attack things together, and I will capture Khan. "
After the memorial, the emperor was furious and suspected that Li Ling regretted not sending troops, so he asked Lu Bode to write a letter saying, "I want to give it to Li Ling's cavalry. He said,' I want to attack the public with less troops. Now that the Huns have entered the Xihe River, our army should lead troops to the Xihe River, and you should go to the Crochet Camp to stop the enemy. "
He also wrote a letter to Li Ling: "Starting from September, we will send troops to cover the state of Lu, go to the Longle water in the south of Jishan Mountain in Shu County, and look for the Huns back and forth. If we don't find the enemy, we will go to the surrendered city by breaking the old road of slaves and rest according to the cavalry post. What did you say to lubbock? Write it out and report it. "
So Li Ling led 5,000 infantry from Juyan to 365,438+03 north, stationed in Xunji Mountain, drew all the mountains and rivers I passed, and sent his men to ride Chen Bule to the imperial court. Chen Bule was summoned and said that Li Ling, as a general, could be a soldier. The emperor was very happy and worshipped Chen Bule as Lang.
Li Ling went to Xunji Mountain and met Khan. Thirty thousand cavalry surrounded Li Lingjun. Li Ling's army is between two mountains, with carts as the camp. Li Ling took the soldiers out of the camp to arrange their positions. Before going, he held a halberd, a shield and a crossbow, and ordered: "When you hear the drums, you will stop." Seeing that there were not many Han soldiers, the Huns went straight to the front of the camp. Li Ling fought and attacked it, and the enemy retreated. The Huns retreated up the mountain, and the desert army attacked and killed thousands of enemy soldiers.
Khan was frightened and called about 80 thousand infantry and cavalry to attack Li Ling. Kuitong fought and retreated, and the number of south rows was E 1, reaching the valley directly. In the continuous battle, soldiers were wounded by arrows, three were lying in the car, two were driving, and one was fighting with weapons. Li Ling said: "What is the reason why our army's morale has dropped and it can't be inflated? Are there any women in the army? "
At the beginning of the invasion, the wife of the Kanto Thief moved to the border, became the wife of an army soldier, and hid in the car. Find that land and kill them all. Fighting again the next day, killing more than 3000 enemy soldiers. He led the army to the southeast, marched along the road of the old Dragon City, and arrived in osawa in four or five days. The Huns set fire from the upper wind, and Li Ling also asked the army to set fire to the isolation belt to save themselves.
Going south to the foot of the mountain, Khan was on the south mountain, and sent his son and cavalry to attack Li Ling. Li Lingjun fought in the Woods and killed thousands of enemy troops. He shot Khan with a crossbow and then retreated down the mountain. Captured on this day, hand over to treat said:
"Khan said:' These are all elite soldiers of the Han Dynasty. They can't win the attack. If they lure me to the southern border day and night, will there be an ambush? The tribal leaders said:' Khan personally led tens of thousands of cavalry, but thousands of Han soldiers could not be destroyed, and no more people could be sent into the customs, which would make the Han Dynasty look down on my Huns even more. If you fight in the valley again, you have to walk forty or fifty miles to get to the flat. If we can't beat it, we will retreat. "
At that time, Li Lingjun was even more critical. There were many people in tarquin, and dozens of rounds were played a day, killing more than 2,000 people. The Huns are at a disadvantage and want to retreat. When Li Lingjun's waiting officer dared to be insulted by a captain, he fled to Xiongnu and told the story of the Han army. He said, "Li Lingjun has no backup, and his arrows are running out. He led his men and the school officials of Cheng 'an Hou alone with 800 men as strikers. Huang Baiqi, he will use elite cavalry to shoot arrows to destroy the Han army. "
Hou Cheng 'an is a native of Yingchuan. His father, Han Zu, was born in Jinan and was killed in the South Vietnam War. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed his son Yanshou as Hou and went out with Li Ling as captain. Khan was overjoyed to gain control and sent cavalry to attack the desert army, shouting, "Li Ling and Han Yannian surrender quickly!" " So he blocked the road and attacked Li Ling. The Han army is in the valley, the Huns are in the mountains, and the arrows are raining all around.
The Han army went south and didn't reach the Tatar Khan Mountain. It consumed 500,000 arrows a day and immediately abandoned the car and retreated. There are more than 3000 soldiers, who just cut off spokes as weapons, and officers go deep into the canyon with short knives. Khan cut off the back road of the Han army and threw stones at the foot of the mountain. The soldiers suffered heavy casualties and could not March. After dusk, Li Ling's plainclothes went out of the camp alone, stopped the left and right followers and said, "Don't follow me, a gentleman can catch Khan alone!" " After a long time.
When Li Ling came back, she sighed and said, "Go to hell if you are defeated!" A military official said: "The general threatened the Huns, but his fate could not be realized. In the future, he will try to go back. After being captured like Hou Yi, he will run away again. The son of heaven still treats him with courtesy, not to mention the general! " Li Ling said, "Don't be elegant. I'm a fairy, and I'm not a strong man." So he cut off all the flags and buried the treasure. Li Ling sighed and said, "There are dozens of arrows left, enough to escape.
There are no weapons to fight today, just sit and wait for the prisoners at dawn! Everyone runs for his life, and someone will get away and repay the favor of the son of heaven. "Sergeant each take two liters of dry food, a large piece of ice, agreed to cover Lu Kun waiting. In the middle of the night, the drums beat, but the drums didn't ring. Both Li Ling and Han Yannian got on the horse, and a dozen strong men followed.
Chased by thousands of cavalry, Han Yannian died. Guido said, "I have no face to report to your majesty!" " "So he surrendered. In the chaos of war, more than 400 people fled to the frontier fortress.
The place where Li Ling failed was more than a hundred miles away from the frontier fortress where the news was reported. The emperor hoped that Li Ling would fight to the death, called Li Ling's mother and wife, and let the fortune-teller observe not to die. Later, when I heard that Li Ling had surrendered, the emperor was very angry and asked Chen Bule, who committed suicide. The ministers all blamed Li Ling, and the emperor asked a surname to make Sima Qian's views on this matter. Sima Qian vigorously said: "Li Ling is filial to his relatives, loyal to his scholars, and always tries his best to save the nation.
Judging from his usual performance, he has the style of a national scholar. Today, he did an unfortunate thing. Those courtiers who are afraid of death and only care about saving their lives arbitrarily frame and exaggerate their crimes. It hurts! Besides, with less than 5,000 infantry, Li Ling went straight into the hinterland of Xiongnu, facing tens of thousands of enemy troops, which made Xiongnu forget to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, and attracted all archers to besiege Li Ling.
Li Ling fought thousands of miles, and the arrows were exhausted. The soldier pulled out an empty crossbow and braved the rain with white arrows. He still fights hard with the enemy, and can get the strength of the soldiers' fighting hard, even Gu Xing can't surpass him. Although defeated and captured, his record of defeating the enemy is enough to shine in the world. Li Ling didn't die because he wanted to serve the Han Dynasty at an appropriate time. "
At the beginning, the emperor sent two generals to war, and Li Ling was just a soldier to help. By the time we reached Liling and Khan, the Second Division had achieved little. The emperor sentenced Sima Qian to corruption on charges of false accusation, slander and lobbying for Li Ling.
After a long time, the emperor regretted not rescuing Li Ling in time, saying, "When Li Ling leaves the fortress, a captain with a strong crossbow should meet him. It's just that the imperial court issued a letter, and the veteran Lu Bode was treacherous, and Li Lingjun was completely annihilated. " So he sent messengers to reward those soldiers who escaped from Liling army.
Guido was in Bao for more than a year, and the emperor sent General Gong Sun 'ao to lead the army into Xiongnu to meet Li Ling. Gongsun Aojun returned in vain and said, "The prisoner said: Li Ling sent troops to guard against the Han army, but I got nothing." When the emperor heard the report, he killed Li Lujia. His mother, brother, wife and son were all killed. The scholar-officials in Longxi were ashamed of genocide.
Later, Han sent messengers to Xiongnu, and Li Ling asked the messengers, "I led 5,000 infantry to sweep carp sculptures for Han, but failed because there were no reinforcements. What happened to Shi Lian, trying to kill my family? " The messenger said, "The Han family heard that Li taught Bao Su to fight."
Guido said, "It's Kuiyi, not me." Xu Kui turned out to be a captain who returned to the Great Wall. The monk was hidden, the fish attacked, and Zhong Kui surrendered. Khan is very polite to Xu Kui and often sits on Li Ling. Li Ling hated her family being exterminated by Xu Li and sent someone to assassinate Xu Li. Daban tried to kill Li Ling. Khan hid him in the north and didn't come back until Daban died.
Khan thought that Wei Xiao was strong and brave, so he betrothed his daughter to Li Ling as his wife, and made him the king of Right Learning and Weifa the king of Dingling, all of whom were respected and valued. Wei Lu's father was originally a battle-hardened semi-finalist. Wei Lu grew up in autumn and had a good relationship with Xie Lu's captain, Kui Yannian. Kuidan locust recommended {Skunks send carp sculptures. When he came back, Yan Yannian was robbed of his property, and the street builder was afraid of being killed and fled and surrendered to the Huns. Xiongnu loved him, and he was always by Khan's side. Kuitong lives in the outer court, and only important things can be discussed.
Emperor Zhao was made emperor, assisted by General Huo Guang and General Zuo Shangguan Jie. They have always made friends with Li Ling, and sent three people, including Long Xiren, an old friend of Li Ling, to Baosu to recruit Guido. When Ren arrived at Bao's body, Khan toasted the messenger, and Wei Xiao and Yelv were all there. When Ren and others saw Wei Xiao, they didn't have a chance to whisper, so they visually touched the ring on the sabre many times and Li Ling's foot, saying that they could go back to Lotus.
Later, when Quiba and the deaf chose envoys, they all used beef and wine to comfort them, drinking instead of cups. Both of them wore Hu clothes and tied a bun. Ren said loudly, "The Han Dynasty has granted amnesty, and the Central Plains is happy. Your master is young, and Huo Ziyun and Shangguan are in power." Use this to impress Li Ling first. Li Ling was silent, watching and stroking her hair, and replied, "I have put on my Hu suit!" " "
After a while, Wei Lv got up and changed his clothes. Ren said, "hey, miss, you have worked hard! Huo and Uncle Shangguan say hello to you. " Li Ling said, "Are Huo and Shangguan all right?" Ren said, "Please go back to your hometown and don't worry about wealth."
Li Ling asked someone to tell her everything, saying, "Young man, it's easy to go back. I am afraid that I will be humiliated again. What should I do! " Before he finished speaking, he came back, heard the lingering sound, and then said, "Li is a saint, not just living in a country." Fan Li traveled around the world and left Xirong for Qin. Why are we so close today? "Then retreat to the party.
Ren immediately asked Li Ling, "Are you going back, too?" Li Ling said, "A gentleman must not be humiliated for the second time."
Li Ling lived in Xiongnu for more than twenty years and died in the first year of Han Yuanping.
Second, the original text
Zi Ling, don't be a servant. Be good at riding and shooting, love others, be humble to corporal and win a good reputation. Emperor Wu thought the wind was wide, so he rode 800 horses and went deep into the Huns for more than 2 thousand miles. After Juyan, I looked at the terrain and didn't see Lu. Worship for riding a captain, I am afraid I will shoot Jiuquan and Zhangye bravely.
A few years later, Han sent two generals to attack Dawan, followed by General Ling. When you go to Cyprus, you will return to the second division. I got a letter from the mausoleum, which stayed with the officials. I went out of Dunhuang with Qingqi 500, went to Salt Water, met the Second Division and stayed in Zhangye.
In the second year of Tianhan, the second division rode out of Jiuquan with 30,000 troops and attacked the right king of Tianshan Mountain. Said ling, want to make the trench for the second division. Ling summoned five soldiers, kowtowed and invited himself, saying, "All the men I sent were warriors and swordsmen from Jingchu, and they have caught the tiger and hit the target. I hope I can be the first team and be alone with the soldiers in the south of Ganlan Mountain, so I don't have to order the second division of the township. "
He said, "Take evil as evil! I have many troops, so I won't ride on women. " Ling said, "I don't have a ride. I'm willing to attack the public with fewer troops and involve 5 thousand infantry in the court." Yu Gangqiang agreed, because a letter to a strong crossbow captain, Road Bode, will meet Ling's army halfway. Therefore, General Bode was ashamed of the distance behind the mausoleum. He said: "Xiongnu horses are fat in autumn and cannot fight. I am willing to wait until the spring, and I will ride Jiuquan and Zhangye with 5,000 people. Of course, it will be a bird. "
As soon as the book was released, I became angry. I suspect that Ling regrets not going out and teaching Bode to write books. It is a letter to Bode: "If you want to give Li Ling a ride, the cloud' wants to hit the public with less'. Now he has entered the Xihe River, led troops to the Xihe River, and covered the road to camp. " Zhaoling: "Since September, I've been drowning in the plain, and I've been wandering around to see the drowning in Longleshui, south of Jidun Mountain, which is what I see when I die. I came to Hohhot, the surrendered city, from the old road in Zhao Ponu. I have heard of it because I rode it.
What cloud is Baird's speaker? Take the book. Ling Sui led 5,000 people out of Juyan, traveled north for 30 days, and arrived in ji shan. He photographed the mountains and rivers he passed, so that he could ride Chenbler under his command. When Buller summoned him, Dowling led the soldiers to death. He even said Buller was a good friend.
Ling to Xunji Mountain, in line with Khan, can ride thirty thousand soldiers around Ling. The army lives between two mountains and camps on carts. Ling led the troops out of the camp as Chen, holding a halberd shield in front and a crossbow in the back. He said, "Stand when you hear the drums, and stop when you hear the golden sound." Seeing that there were not many Han troops, Lu went straight into the village. Ling Bo, fighting with it, fired a thousand crossbows and should retreat. Lu also went up the mountain, and the Han army pursued and killed thousands of people.
Khan was frightened and summoned about 80 thousand soldiers to attack the mausoleum on horseback. Ling led his troops south for several days to the valley. Lien Chan, soldiers were wounded by arrows, three creators carried chariots, two creators drove carts, and the first creator led troops to fight. Ling said, "The army is exhausted and unable to bear it. What should we do?" ? Are there any women in the army? "When the first army left, the wife of the Kanto thief moved to the border and was buried in the car with the army.
If the grave is found, it will be cut with a knife. Fight again tomorrow and behead more than 3 thousand. He led the troops to the southeast, walked along the old road of Liuzhou for four or five days, and arrived in osawa. Lu set fire to gain the upper hand, and Ling also set fire to the army to save himself. South to the foot of the mountain, Khan is on the south mountain, let his son ride the mausoleum. Lingjun fought in the Woods and killed thousands more people. Khan fell down because of the crossbow shot.
On the day the prisoner was captured, he said, "Khan said,' This elite soldier of the Han Dynasty cannot attack. He led us south to the fortress day and night, so there was no ambush? "All the princes and ministers in charge of the household department said,' Khan can't destroy tens of thousands of people who rode against the Han Dynasty, and the border ministers have no way to revive them, making the Han Dynasty lighter than the Xiongnu.' The valley of the resumption of war is still forty or fifty miles flat and unbreakable, but it is also. "
At that time, Ling Jun's army was in an emergency. Xiongnu rode horses many times and fought dozens of battles a day. After being injured, more than 2,000 people were killed or injured. When Lu was in an unfavorable situation to leave, the waiting officer of the army dared to be humiliated by a captain and surrendered to the Huns. It is said that "the Lingling army has no way to save, and the arrows are exhausted. The general and the Hou faction in Cheng 'an are both single-handed, with yellow and white as the flag. Fine riding and shooting is made, and it is broken. "Cheng An Hou was born in Yingchuan, and his father was Han. So Jinan fought hard in South Vietnam and died in the battlefield. Emperor Wudi appointed the son to prolong his life as Hou, and a captain accompanied the tomb.
Khan was overjoyed, so he rode to attack the Han army and shouted, "Li Ling and Han Yannian are happy!" Then cover the road and rush to the mausoleum. The mausoleum is in the valley, the land is in the mountains, and it is raining in all directions. The Han army went south and didn't reach Lushan Mountain. It ran out of 500,000 arrows in one day, that is, it abandoned the car. There were more than 3000 people, but they cut off the spokes of the car and held it. The officers arrived at the mountain and entered the canyon with rulers and knives.
Khan covers his back, takes the corner to pave the stone, and the foot soldiers die, so he can't do it. After fainting, Ling plainclothes went out of the camp alone and turned around and stopped: "Don't follow me, my husband took it alone!" After a long time, the mausoleum was returned, and he said with a sigh, "Defeated and dead!" " The military attache said, "The general threatened the Huns, and his destiny failed. Later, he called for a return to Taoism. For example, the wild Hou was captured by the enemy and later died. It would be better for the general if the emperor met him! " Ling said, "Stop it! If I don't die, I am not a strong person. "
So he cut all the flags and buried the treasure in the ground. Ling sighed, "I have taken back dozens of arrows, which is enough to get rid of them. There are no more soldiers to fight today, it's dawn! Birds and beasts are scattered, and there are still people who belong to the son of heaven. " Let the sergeant take two liters of ice, half, and treat the man who hid Lu. Playing drums in the middle of the night doesn't work.
Ling and Han Yannian both mounted their horses, followed by more than a dozen strong men. Lu rode thousands after him, and Han Yannian died. Ling said, "I have no face to report to your majesty!" " Surrender. Soldiers scattered, take off more than four hundred people.
Ling defeated hundreds of miles, and the border was blocked. Go to the tomb to fight to the death, summon the mother and wife of the tomb, and let the fortuneteller see it without death or loss. He was very angry when he heard that the mausoleum had collapsed. He asked Chen Buller that Buller committed suicide. All the ministers were guilty of Ling, so they asked the Taishi to ask Sima Qian. Qian Sheng said, "Ling was a filial believer and a scholar, and he often gave his life for his country regardless of everything.
Its stock is also accumulated, with the wind of a national scholar. Today is an unfortunate event. It is really painful for a minister who has spent his life protecting his wife to make mistakes in front of the media! Moreover, Ling's foot soldiers were less than 5,000, and they went deep into the land of military forces, and tens of thousands of troops were suppressed. Lu saved the wounded and rescued the dying, and the archers attacked them together. Fighting thousands of miles, the arrows are exhausted, people are empty-handed, taking the white blade, and fighting the enemy in the first battle in the north is the mortal strength of people. Although the ancient generals were so much.
Although the body is defeated, what it destroys is enough to be violent to the world. If he doesn't die, he should want to repay Han well. "
At the beginning, the army of two divisions was launched, and Ling helped the soldiers. Ling and Khan were as respectful as guests, but the two divisions had less meritorious service. In order to move the false accusation, I want to stay in the second division, lobby the mausoleum of Hadrian, and move the greed. For a long time, Shang lamented that the mausoleum was hopeless, saying, "The mausoleum should be blocked. This is an order from the strong crossbow to meet the enemy. Sitting in advance will make the veteran treacherous. " He sent the rest of the troops to LaoCiLing to get rid of them.
The mausoleum is over the age of Xiongnu, and the general was sent to Xiongnu to meet the mausoleum. Aojun returned in vain and said, "I caught a monkey saying that the Liling faction only asked soldiers to prepare for the Han army, so it got nothing." When I heard about it, all the family members, mother, brother and wife were condemned. The scholar-officials in Longxi were ashamed of Li. Later, the Han Dynasty sent messengers to the Huns, and Ling said to the messengers, "I will take 5,000 soldiers to wipe out the Huns for the sake of the Han Dynasty, and I will be defeated by death. Why should I be defeated by the Han Dynasty and punish my family? "
The messenger said, "It is said that Li taught the Huns to be soldiers." Ling said, "Yes, not me." Xu Li, a commander-in-chief of the Han Dynasty beyond the Great Wall, lived in Xicheng. When the Huns attacked him, he was depressed, but Khan often sat on the mausoleum when he received guests. His family was punished, which made people assassinate Xu. E Shi wanted to kill Mausoleum, but Khan hid in the north, and E Shi died.
Zhuang Ling, Shan Yu, takes his wife as his concubine, is the king of Right Learning, and the protector is the king of Dingling, both of which are expensive. Defender, father is a long-term water Ren Hu. Yelu grew up in the Han Dynasty, and Li Yannian, a captain who was good at assisting Yelu, recommended Yelu to be an envoy to Xiongnu. If you pay it back, it will extend your family's income, and the law will be afraid of you and punish you. If you die, you will return to the Huns. Huns love it, often in Khan. When the mausoleum lives far away from home, it is important to enter the discussion.
Emperor, general Huo Guang and general Zuo Shangguan Jie assisted the imperial court, and were good at Ling. They sent Ling's old friend Longxi to the Xiongnu to recruit Ling. When they arrived, Khan bought wine and gave it to the Han messenger. Li Ling and Wei Lv all sat down. Li Zheng and others saw the mausoleum, but they didn't whisper to each other, that is, they looked at the mausoleum visually, but it belonged to the Han Dynasty by counting its knife rings, holding it with its feet and telling it with Yin.
And Lu held the ox wine and let the ambassador drink it, and both of them took the vertebral knots. Li Zheng said, "Han has granted amnesty, China is at ease, and he is rich in spring and autumn, while Huo and Shangguan seldom use it." Micro Motion agrees with this. Mo Ling didn't respond, but he followed his hair and replied, "I have put on my uniform!" " "After a while, Fa got up and changed his clothes and said," Duh, miss, it's so bitter! Huo and Shangguan Shaoshu thanked their daughter. Ling said, "Are Huo and Shangguan all right?" ? "
Li Zheng said, "Please go back to your hometown and don't worry about wealth." Zi Ling made a political statement: "If you are not so public, you will go back to Irvine. I'm afraid of being humiliated again. What can I do! " Before he died, he came back and heard many words, saying, "Saint Li is not alone in one country." Fan Li traveled all over the world, and I went from Yu to Rongqin. What kind of relatives are there today! "Go because of it. When the government was established, it said to Ling, "Are you interested?" Ling said, "Husband can't lose face any more. "
Ling lived in Xiongnu for more than 20 years and died in the first year of Yuanping.
Third, the source
the Book of the Han Dynasty
Extended data
First, the creative background
Because Historical Records only wrote the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, many people wrote sequels for it at that time. According to the records in the Book of Changes, there are more than ten people who wrote the sequel to Historical Records, such as Liu Xiang, Liu Xin, and so on, whose title is still called Historical Records. Ban Gu's father, Ban Biao (AD 3 ~ AD 54), was very dissatisfied with these sequels, so he chose Different Stories about Old Events as Historical Records and Postscript of Sixty-five.
After Ban Biao's death, Ban Gu, who was only 22 years old, began to sort out his father's manuscripts, determined to follow in his father's footsteps and complete this masterpiece.
Second, the appreciation of works
Narratively, Hanshu is characterized by paying attention to the systematicness and integrity of historical events, and striving to finish everything and explain it clearly. This provides great convenience for us to understand and study the history of the Western Han Dynasty. Up to now, anyone who studies the history of the Western Han Dynasty takes Hanshu as the basic historical data.
As far as genre is concerned. Hanshu and Shiji are biographical history books. The difference is that Historical Records is a general history from the legend of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" to the end of the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, Hanshu is a dynastic history, which specifically describes the historical events in the Western Han Dynasty. This biographical genre of dynastic history is the creation of Ban Gu. This genre was adopted by the "official history" of later generations. This is Ban Gu's great contribution to China's historiography.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Ban Gu (AD 32 ~ 92) was the son of Ban Biao, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the younger brother of Ban Chao, whose name was Meng Jian, who was born in Fufeng Anling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi). Born in the eighth year of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he died in the fourth year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the age of 6 1 year. Since childhood, Ban Gu has been very clever. "At the age of nine, he could become a writer and recite poems and poems." As an adult, he read widely. "There are nine schools of thought that are all poor." He is the author of six volumes of White Tiger's Theory of Tongde, one hundred and twenty volumes of Hanshu and seventeen volumes of Anthology.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Biography of Li Ling