Soviet writer. Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky 1904 was born in a poor peasant family in Vilja village. 1 1 years old ranked fifth and began to work as a child laborer. 19 19 joined the communist youth league and immediately took part in the civil war. 1923 to 1924 served as the leader of the Ukrainian border area of the Communist Youth League, and 1924 joined the Communist Youth League. His health was seriously damaged because of the long and arduous struggle. By 1927, his health had deteriorated sharply, but he never gave in and fought the disease with amazing perseverance. At the end of 1934, he started to write a "historical lyric hero story" about Kotovschi divisions (that is, "Life of Storm"). Unfortunately, the only manuscript was lost by the post office when it was sent to a friend for review. This cruel blow did not break his strong will, but made him fight the disease more tenaciously.
1929 paralyzed and blind. 1930, based on his own combat experience, he began to write the novel "How Steel was Tempered" with tenacious will. The novel was a great success and was praised sincerely and enthusiastically by its contemporaries. 1934, ostrovsky was admitted as a member of the Soviet Writers Association. At the end of 1935, the Soviet government awarded him the Lenin medal in recognition of his creative work and outstanding contribution in literature. 1936 65438+On February 22nd, ostrovsky died of a serious illness in Moscow.
Nikolai ostrovsky is Russian, but his birthplace is in Ukraine. My father is a starter in a brewery, and he also works part-time in a foreign village or town. He also worked as a postman for five years. He has been to Petersburg, served in military service, met progressive college students, and knows the stories of some revolutionaries against the czar. My mother was born in poverty, and she had to work for others since she was a child, herding geese, growing vegetables and looking after children. They gave birth to six children after marriage, and two died. Ostrovsky is the youngest, with two sisters and one brother. Mothers not only do housework and take care of children, but also sew for others and be maids. When he was ten years old, due to the outbreak of World War I, his family moved to Shchepetov to escape the war. At this time, life is even more difficult.
At the age of eleven, ostrovsky joined the local railway station canteen as a waiter. At the age of fourteen, he entered the power plant, helped firefighters and electricians, and also did chores such as sawing wood and unloading coal. He has a strong thirst for knowledge since he was a child, eager to learn, but he only attended school intermittently for a few years. At school, he is not only excellent in grades, but also very active. He is a good assistant to the teacher. He tried to write fairy tales, short stories and poems, and published his exercises in the magazine Color of Youth written by students. He also likes to play drama, and he likes to play a hero role on the stage. He dropped out of school several times, mostly because of poverty, and once because he offended a priest who taught theology. So, the children tried their best to borrow books and even gave their lunch to the newspaper vendor in exchange for newspapers. At the age of twelve, he read Niuhong, the representative work of English woman writer Voynich. Since then, the image of Niu Hong has been deeply imprinted in his heart.
Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky 1904 was born in a worker's family. After graduating from primary school, the small church had to drop out of school to work because of poor family circumstances. 19 19, join the communist youth league of the Soviet union and join the red army to fight against the white bandits. 1923- 1924 works for the communist youth league. Added in 1924 * * *. 1927 paralyzed and blind due to illness. He wrote the novels How Steel was Tempered and The Birth of the Storm with amazing perseverance, and described the experiences of Soviet youth growing up in the revolutionary melting pot according to his personal experience. "How Steel was Tempered" was translated into Chinese as early as 1942, and the hero Paul Kochagin became a model for young people in China. 1936 65438+On February 22nd, ostrovsky passed away.
The hardships and heaviness of real life, as well as the perseverance and brilliance of the characters in the book, made the boy sensible and precocious. He helped Bolshevik underground organizations post leaflets and spy on information. At the age of fifteen, he was walking in the street when he suddenly found a member of an underground revolutionary committee being escorted by a heavily armed bandit soldier. In despair, he pounced on the robber soldiers. The revolutionary was rescued unexpectedly, but was arrested for it. The boy was tortured, but he didn't say a word, just survived.
The Red Army and the Rebel Army defeated the bandit troops. In July of the same year, ostrovsky joined the Communist Youth League; In August, he volunteered to join the Red Army, went to the front with the troops and stood the test of the fire of war.
He was a cavalry and scout, and fought everywhere. This young man is not only brave and good at fighting, but also good at inspiring his comrades-in-arms, showing his propaganda and agitation ability. In August of the following year, ostrovsky was seriously injured in the abdomen and head, and was in a coma for two months in a field hospital bed. After leaving the hospital, only two-fifths of the right eye vision was retained. So I changed my job and came to this place.
Participated in the work of the Committee to eliminate counter-revolutionaries, worked as an electrician assistant in the railway general factory, was elected secretary of the League branch, and studied in the electrician technical school. At the age of seventeen, he took the lead in completing the arduous work of building a railway branch line. On the railway construction site, many people died because of bad conditions, diseases and gang attacks. Ostrovsky gritted his teeth and worked hard. But when the project was about to be completed, his knees were red and swollen, he had difficulty walking, and he was infected with typhoid fever and was sent back to his hometown. Under the care of his mother, he barely survived. After returning to the factory, he worked while studying in a technical school. Injured, unable to bear excessive fatigue, the body is getting worse and worse, and was sent to a nursing home for mud treatment. After a slight improvement, he returned to Kiev and, together with many Communist Youth League members, rescued Wood in the knee-deep and biting cold river. He is ill again. At the age of eighteen, the medical appraisal Committee issued a first-class disability certificate for him!
He hid his certificate and asked for a job. Later, he served as secretary of the Youth League Committee, political commissar of the national military training camp, member of the regional Youth League Committee and alternate member of the Youth League Committee. Joined the party at the age of twenty and served as secretary of the Youth League Committee. Unfortunately, he had another car accident and injured his right knee, which led to chronic diseases and swelling and pain in his joints. It's hard to move. At the age of 23, he was paralyzed and his eyes gradually became blind.
Since then, he has traveled to and from hospitals around the country, and he has not improved after treatment. Twenty-six-year-old, the ninth operation, left a cotton ball in the body after the incision was sutured. Weak patients, if anesthetized again, may damage the heart and endanger their lives. He offered to cut the incision and take out the cotton ball without anesthesia. He didn't utter a moan, but he had a high fever after the operation and stayed there for eight days. After that, he flatly refused any operation and said, "I donated some blood for science, and let me keep the rest for something else."
He made many friends in hospitals and nursing homes all over the country, some of whom were revolutionaries of the older generation. During the interval of medical treatment, he read a lot of excellent literary works with his remaining eyesight, including works by Pushkin, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Gorky, sholokhov, Balzac, Hugo, Zola and Dreiser. He took part in the study of Correspondence University and wrote a novella reflecting the life of fighting. Unfortunately, the only manuscript of the novel was lost on the way back after being read by comrades from other places.
At the age of twenty-six, he began to write the novel How Steel was Tempered. I finished my first book at the age of 27, and it was published the following year. At the age of thirty, the second book "How Steel was Tempered" came out. 3 1 year-old won the Lenin medal; At the age of 32, that is, 19361February 14, he completed the revision of another novel, The Birth of the Storm (I), and eight days later, that is,1February 22, he died.
The authors Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky1904 to 1936 were born in a Ukrainian worker's family. I worked as a child laborer and suffered humiliation. After the October Revolution, he devoted himself to the struggle to defend the Soviet regime. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/920, he was seriously injured in the battle, turned to the labor front, jumped into the Dnieper River to salvage wood, and suffered from typhoid fever and rheumatism. Later, due to overwork, my body deteriorated day by day and finally I was paralyzed. Blind. He fought the disease with amazing perseverance, and on his deathbed, he wrote how steel was tempered. In his letter to his friends, he wrote: "Only people like us, only people like us who love life and are crazy about building a new and better new world. Only people like us who can understand and see the full meaning of life will not die casually, even if there is only a little chance, we can't give up life! " /kloc-in the winter of 0/934, he began to write The Birth of the Storm. The novel is set in the civil war from the end of 19 18 to the beginning of 19 19, which reflects the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian people to defeat the Polish invaders. The book was originally planned to be written in three volumes, but the author only finished the first volume and died.
"How Steel was Tempered" describes Pavel Colta King, as the son of an ordinary worker, who experienced a severe life during the First World War, the October Revolution, the Civil War and the national economic recovery, and turned his spontaneous resistance to the old life into a conscious class will. Paul's growth is not "self-development of character", but as the author said when recalling his life: "Steel was tempered by raging fire and sudden cooling ... Our generation was also tempered by struggle and hard test."
Paul's heroism is the rationality and sincerity of the early Bolsheviks, and personal values and collective undertakings are in a harmonious state in concept. The novel not only depicts the protagonist through one dilemma after another, but also directly expresses this sincere feeling through exciting monologues and thought-provoking aphorisms. Once, when Paul came to the tomb of the martyrs to mourn his comrades who died for the revolution, he silently thought, "The most precious thing for a man is life. It only gives us one chance. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he was dying, he could say, "I devoted all my life and energy to the most magnificent cause-the struggle for the liberation of mankind." "
The love entanglement with tonia, the open friendship with Rita and the sincere feelings for Daya also show the purity of Paul's spiritual world and the special qualities of the characters in the novel.
The author regards himself as the prototype of the hero, but this is not an autobiography. He said; "My novel is first of all a work of art, in which I use fictional rights." The author's intention is to "shape an example in the work, an example of young revolutionaries in our time-the proletarian revolutionary era."