1368 Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne.
A.D. 1398 abdicated.
Birth: 1328- death: 1398 (30 years in office).
Mao Zhu Yuanzhang, from Fengyang, Anhui Province, what is his year number? Wu Hong? In August of A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led an uprising army, and under the command of general Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, he captured Beijing, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and declared the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. In the same year, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing), changed Hongwu to establish the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang became Ming Taizu. He died on 1398 at the age of 7 1.
Zhu Yuanzhang (1328 ~ 1398) was the first emperor of Ming Dynasty in China. Ming Taizu. My ancestral home is Pei County, Jiangsu Province, and my grandparents and father settled in Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui Province). Zhu Yuanzhang's surname was eight when he was young. After joining the peasant uprising army, he changed his name to Bird, and his name was Guo Rui. When Zhu Yuanzhang was young, he used to herd cattle for the landlord. At the age of 0/7,/kloc-was lonely because his father, mother and brother all died of the plague, so he had to enter Huang Jue Temple to become a monk. Soon, he took his children swimming and eating in the west of Huaihe River.
In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (135 1), the peasant uprising of the Red Scarf Army broke out. The following year, Zhu Yuanzhang defected to the insurgents in Guo Zixing. He was very brave, became his son's bosom friend and married his adopted daughter Ma Shi. After Guo Zixing became the leader of the rebel army, he gradually expanded his team in his hometown, and later helped Chuzhou, Liuhe and Zhou Xia, and his power gradually increased.
For fifteen years, he relied on Wang Xiaoming and Han Liner. Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang led the army to cut off the cable and cross the river, and took quarrying (now southwest of Maanshan, Anhui Province) and Xiataiping (now Dangtu, Anhui Province). The following year, he captured Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and changed his name to Yingtian. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as his base and successively captured Changzhou, Jiangyin, Changshu, Huizhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) and Yangzhou. He also accepted the advice of Huizhou Confucian Zhu, built a city wall, widely accumulated food and grass, and gradually became king. He will reclaim farmland, build water conservancy and resume agricultural production in the future.
After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the isolated Yuan army in the southeast, he began to contend with the separatist forces at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Twenty-three years, and Chen Youliang decisive battle Poyang Lake. In twenty-four years, he established himself as the king of Wu and set up officials. Twenty-seven years in Zhang Shicheng. At the end of 26 years, he sent an envoy to welcome Wang Xiaoming to Chuzhou, but he sank into the river halfway, and the peasant rebel regime perished. So Zhu Yuanzhang changed next year to the first year of Wu (1367).
Then he sent troops to the Central Plains, issued a proclamation to the northern officials and people, and conquered Fang Guozhen in eastern Zhejiang and Chen Youding in Fujian. The proclamation puts forward the program of expelling Land Rover, restoring China, establishing the framework of the past and relieving the Sri Lankan people, which has great appeal to the people in the north to resist national oppression. The Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition went smoothly. In the first month of the second year of Wu, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, with the title Daming and Jianyuan Hongwu.
In July, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Xu Da approached Dadu, fled Shangdu with his empresses and princes, and the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled China for 98 years, perished. Since then, the unification movement has continued. In the same year, Tanghe led his troops to the south, destroyed Fang Guozhen and Chen Youding, and entered Fujian and Guangdong. Hongwu four years (137 1) was born in Pingding, Sichuan. Fourteen years of Taiping in Yunnan. In 20 years, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Northeast China were pacified and the whole country was unified.
Zhu Yuanzhang, while drawing lessons from history, began to stabilize the rule of the new dynasty, formulated a series of policies and systems, and further consolidated and developed the centralization of authority. In the central government, the provincial government and the prime minister were abolished, and six ministers were directly subordinate to the emperor. Change Yushitai to Duchayuan, and together with Dali Temple and the Ministry of Punishment, it is called Sanfa Division. In the local provinces where Chinese books have been abolished, there are publicity and production bureaus, emissaries' departments, supervision departments, provincial departments and command and emissaries' departments, which are collectively referred to as Dusi, Deployment Department and Information Department and directly under the central government. And established a medical system.
His policies, such as restricting and cracking down on the old landlords, stipulating the shift system of craftsmen and relaxing the personal control of rival industrialists, also promoted the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft production. In order to enrich the official management, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the methods of recommendation, school and imperial examination to select officials. In view of the lessons of corruption and even national subjugation of Yuan officials, he decided to rectify the bureaucracy.
Even punishing corrupt officials by stripping grass is harsh and rare in history. Although his strict rectification movement had some effect, it also killed many innocent people because of his suspicious character. In order to strengthen the imperial power and solve the internal contradictions of the ruling order, Zhu Yuanzhang used the Hu case and the aquamarine case to slaughter the heroes; In order to ensure the stability of the feudal ruling order, he formulated a clear law and a high standard, and also set up a special security agency.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also implemented the enfeoffment system, and 24 sons 1 were enfeoffed from Sun to all parts of the country to consolidate his rule. Zhu Yuanzhang's troops on the northern border were particularly strong because he maintained a fairly strong military force after the Northern Yuan Dynasty returned to the desert, which posed a great threat to the Northern Ming Dynasty. In the later period of Hongwu, these kings had mastered the military command of border defense and prevented the decline of military power. But his fourth son, Judy, a founder of the Ming Dynasty, later won the throne of his successor.
A series of policies and systems formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang had far-reaching influence, played a certain progressive role and laid the foundation for the rule of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years. However, he developed the centralized monarchy to an unprecedented degree, which hindered the social economy, which also reflected the historical characteristics of the late feudal society in China. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), he died in May and was buried in Xiaoling, Nanjing.
The defeated Zhu Yuanzhang of Chen Youliang established a base area centered on Yingtian, with Chen Youliang in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Zhang Shicheng in the lower reaches, Fang Guozhen in the southeast and Chen Youding in the south. Fang Guozhen and Chen Youding's goal is to protect the territory, while Zhang Shicheng has no ambition for the first mouse in the Yuan Dynasty. Chen Youliang is the strongest, and it is the most dangerous enemy that Zhu Yuanzhang encountered when he occupied Yingtian.
Chen Youliang, the statue of Chen Youliang, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty, was originally a subordinate of Ni Wenjun, a general under Xu Shouhui. Later, he killed Ni Wenjun and Zheng Zhi for twenty years (1360), took Xu Shouhui hostage, captured Taiping and quarried. So Chen Youliang thought that Heaven was at his fingertips, so he killed Xu Shouhui and proclaimed himself emperor in quarrying, which changed the country's sense of justice. Then Chen Youliang attacked Zhang Shicheng from east to west and divided Zhu Yuanzhang's territory equally. It was a big earthquake. Zhu Yuanzhang had to convene all the people to discuss countermeasures, and there were different opinions at one time.
Only Liu Ji was silent, so Zhu Yuanzhang asked his advice. Liu Ji believes that the most dangerous enemy at present is Chen Youliang, and we must concentrate on destroying him. Although Chen Youliang is powerful, it is not difficult to defeat him, because he killed the king and left home on his own, and the people were exhausted. As long as he waits for them to go deep and then ambush him, it is not difficult to win. Zhu Yuanzhang agreed with Liu Ji's judgment, so he designed to lure the enemy deeper and make an iron ride.
Kang Maocai and Chen Youliang, the ministry of Zhu Yuanzhang, are old friends, so they wrote a letter, sent someone to Chen Youliang Camp, invited Chen to attack Yingtian, and expressed their willingness to work in Jiangdong Bridge. On the morning of June 23rd, Chen Youliang led the main force of the fleet to the Jiangdong Bridge on the outskirts of Yingtian, only to find that the bridge was a stone bridge instead of a wooden one, and only then did he know that he had been cheated. But it's too late. Zhu Yuanzhang ambushed and attacked, and Chen Youliang was defeated. Zhu Yuanzhang collected Taiping and occupied Xinzhou and Anqing. Chen Youliang defeated Jiujiang and captured Anqing in August of the following year, so Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to Jiangzhou, Chen Youliang's lair, Chen Youliang fled to Wuchang, and Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Jiangxi and southeastern Hubei.
At this time, the Central Plains Red Scarf Army split, weakened. In the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), in February, Zhang Shicheng took advantage of people's crisis and sent Lu Zhen to attack Anfeng. Liu Futong asked Zhu Yuanzhang for help. When Zhu Yuanzhang led the army to Anfeng, Liu Futong had been killed by Lv Zhen. Zhu Yuanzhang only rescued Wang Xiaoming Han Liner and arranged for him to live in Chuzhou. When Zhu Yuanzhang led the main force to rescue Wang Xiaoming, Chen Youliang thought it was time to fight back, so he led his troops to attack Hongdu. Zhu Wenzheng, the nephew of Zhu Yuanzhang, led the soldiers to hold on for 85 days.
In the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), in July, Zhu Yuanzhang led 200,000 troops into Hongdu. When Chen Youliang learned of this, he withdrew from the besieged army and confronted Zhu Yuanzhang. The two sides fought a decisive battle in Poyang Lake. The Poyang Lake water war lasted for 36 days from August 29th to1October 3rd. Zhu Yuanzhang's army gave full play to the flexibility of the ship, attacked Chen Jun, and finally won. Chen Youliang was shot dead by random arrows.
In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), on New Year's Day, Zhu Yuanzhang was elected as the king of Wu by officials, built a hundred lawsuits, and still greeted the New Year with dragons and phoenixes. Imperial edict, the king of Wu? Issue orders in the name of. Because Zhang Shicheng established himself as the King of Wu in 1363, Zhang Shicheng was called Wu Dong and Zhu Yuanzhang was called Xiwu in history. In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), in March, Zhu Yuanzhang went to Wuchang to inspect the city again, and David Li Chen finally surrendered out of the city. After the annexation of Chen Youliang, Zhu Yuanzhang's next goal was Zhang Shicheng.
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty established the Ming Dynasty to evaluate Zhu Yuanzhang? Governing the Tang and Song Dynasties? . Right Prime Minister Xu Da is General Lu and Chang Yuchun is Deputy General Pingzhang. He led a 250,000-strong army north to the Central Plains. During the Northern Expedition, Mao Yuan in Yuzhong was published, which was put forward in the proclamation? Expel Land Rover, restore China, establish discipline and relieve the Sri Lankan people? This program is to inspire the people in the north to rise up against the RMB. Zhu Yuanzhang made arrangements for the Northern Expedition, proposing to take Shandong first and remove the barrier of the Yuan Dynasty. Entering Henan, cutting off its wings, seizing Tongguan, occupying its threshold; Then most troops entered. At this time, the Yuan Dynasty was helpless and took it without fighting. Sending troops to the west, Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and Gansu can all be swept down. The Northern Expeditionary Army left as planned.
Xu Da led the troops to take Shandong first, then to the west, captured the capital of song dynasty, and then moved to Tongguan. Zhu Yuanzhang went to the capital of song dynasty to take command. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, with the title Daming and the title Hongwu. Generals were made princes and some were made kings. First, six princes were created, among which five generals and one minister were the founding fathers. They are: Li Shanchang, Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Li Wenzhong, Shengfeng and Deng Yu.
He also made Hu Dahai King of Yue, Ding Dexing (who died in battle) King Ji, Tanghe King Xin and Feng King Ying. The following year, Zhu Yuanzhang set up Gongren Temple in Jiming Mountain. Zhu Yuanzhang decided to rank Gongren, with Xu Da as the leader, followed by Chang Yuchun, Li Wenzhong, Deng Yu, Tang He, Mu Ying, Hu Dahai, Feng, Zhao Desheng, Geng Zaicheng, Ding Dexing, Yu Tonghai, Zhang Desheng, Wu Liang, Zhen Wu, Cao, Kang Maocai, Wu Fu, Mao Cheng and Sun Xingzu. The dead are sacrificed, and the living are empty. Liao Yong 'an, Yu Tonghai, Zhang Desheng, Sang Shijie, Geng Zaicheng, Hu Dahai and Ding Dexing also enjoy ancestral temples.
In July of the first year of Hongwu (1368), armies from all walks of life went straight to Tianjin along the canal and occupied Tongzhou on the 27th. In August, the Ming army entered Beijing, and Yuan Shundi led Mimia's concubine and crown prince to escape from Dadu by opening Jiande Gate, and fled to Shangdu via Juyongguan. Abandon the city and go, all fled to the Mongolian grassland. The other warlords, such as Kukutimur and Li Siqi, were armed to the teeth and showed bravery in the civil war. They all fled when the Ming army attacked. Mongolia's rule in the Central Plains ended in 1998, and the Ming Dynasty gained the rule within the Great Wall. China once again returned to the dynastic rule established by the Han nationality. At the same time, sixteen counties lost for 400 years were also recovered.
During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang in Hongwu, he ordered farmers to return to farming and rewarded reclamation; Vigorously engage in resettlement and military camp construction; Organize local farmers to build water conservancy projects; Vigorously promote the cultivation of mulberry, hemp, cotton and other cash crops and fruit and wood crops, he will only enrich the people and restrain the mighty; Ordered the liberation of handmaiden; Reduce the tax burden and severely punish corrupt officials; Send people to all parts of the country to measure land, audit accounts and so on. After the efforts of Hongwu period, social production gradually recovered and developed, which is called the rule of Hongwu in history.