Zhu Da (1626- 1706). The spectrum is unified, and there are Snow, Mountain, Renwu, Dao Lang, Badashanren and so on. Nanchang people. An outstanding great painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is the ninth grandson of Zhu Quan, the sixteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Quan Fengning Wang, a native of Nanchang, has eight branches. Zhu Da, a branch of Wang Yiyang, attacked Guo Fu's lieutenant. His parents are good at calligraphy and painting, so Zhu Da was influenced by art from an early age. At the age of eight, I can write poetry, at the age of eleven, I can draw mountains and rivers, and when I was young, I can write the fine print of Mijia by hanging my wrist. Weak crown for life. After the death of Ming Chengzu, he was dissatisfied with the Qing Dynasty and became a monk at Gengxiang Temple in Fengxin County at the age of 23. Later, he lived in seclusion in Jiegang, Jinxian County and Mugang, Yongfeng County. At the end of Shunzhi, at the age of 36, he sneaked back to Nanchang and founded Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Taoist Academy. It took six or seven years to make this Daoyuan take shape, and he lived a labor life of "restless" and "his wife moved to farm and dig wells" here. He wants to make this place a paradise in order to realize his long-cherished wish of "finding self-existence". However, this kind of "freedom" was established under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and it is impossible to "don't have to come outside". Because powerful people in the Qing Dynasty often came here to harass him, he often wandered around other places. At the age of 53 in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Linchuan County magistrate Hu Wenming invited him to live with Rao Yupu, a monk, until he was a guest at Linchuan's official residence for many years. This made him very upset and angry, so he pretended to be crazy, tore his robe and walked back to Nanchang alone. More than a year later, he returned to Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, where he spent his "Flower Birthday". At the age of sixty-two, he stopped being an abbot and handed over the temple to his disciple Tu Ruoyu. Later, he hid in Beilan Temple and Kaiyuan Temple near Nanchang. And often make a living by selling paintings. Later, it came out of an unremarkable building and was named "Gage Grass" Hall. Zhang Jiang Ye Danju has a poem "Crossing the Eight Mountains": "A room is full of songs, and the dusty Artemisia is hidden in the dark, and poetry and painting are in Zen. The old man lives in seclusion, and the remnants of the mountain are left with water. The old business of Qingmen is there, and the people who grow melons are scattered. " He spent his old age lonely and poor in this uninhabited hut. Badashan people devoted their lives to painting. He is generous, and so is singing. Due to the characteristics of the times and his life experience, he took an uncompromising attitude towards the Qing dynasty and vented his grief and indignation in his paintings and calligraphy. Therefore, what appears in the painting is a bird with a bulging belly, a fish that glows, and even a bird that falls to the ground to show its disagreement with the Qing court, with its eyes up and turned to the sky. He often scribbles the words "Badashanren" together, which looks like "crying" and "laughing". He also has many obscure poems and postscript, expressing his extreme hatred and contempt for the Qing court. His works show distinct love and hate. For example, the "Peacock Map" of the moxibustion population and its inscription: "Peacocks are famous for their bamboo screens and flowers, and the bamboo tips are strong and half-inked; How can you talk about three ears? It is to sit on the second watch every spring. " Bitterly satirized the ugly behavior of the slaves of the big landlords of the Han nationality, wearing dazzling and black hats, kneeling down to surrender to their new masters for glory. There is a landscape picture book with the title cloud: "The cloud on the edge of the country is small, and there are many Dong Shu;" When I want to watch it, people will understand the picture, and Yifeng will write the song He Shan. "He said that he admired Dong Yuan and Guo, five generations of Beining painters, who painted the Song Dynasty without foreign aggression with unique pen and ink, thus inspiring the thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland." "Magpie Painting Axis" (now the Badashanren Memorial Hall of Tibetan painter) depicts two magpies standing on a big stone, which means that the magpies' nest occupies the other nest and get together to have fun. "Poetry. Call south. "Magpie Nest" says: "Wei Magpie has a nest, and Wei Dui lives in it. "As the saying goes, a dead pigeon does not build a nest for itself, but for magpies. "Eight mountain people make this metaphor, in order to satirize the dignity and self-interest and seize other landlords. And deliberately show that two magpies live on the rocks, which is not something that resin pigeons can occupy and shake. He often paints lotus turquoise, plum blossom, bamboo chrysanthemum, heron crane, fish, duck, eagle, deer and so on. This largely symbolizes his stubbornness and integrity. Throughout his life, he never painted a flower and a stone for the powerful people in the Qing court, but ordinary farmers, poor people, monks and children in the mountains easily got his works. This indomitable spirit has always been appreciated and praised by people. Badashan people have made outstanding achievements in art, focusing on painting, and also have high attainments in calligraphy, poetry postscript, seal cutting and so on. In painting, he is famous for his freehand brushwork in ink and wash, and he is good at splashing ink, especially flower-and-bird painting, which is beautiful in the world. In his creation, he took a natural approach, concise pen and ink, thin atmosphere, unique innovation, and created a broad style. In the past 300 years, all the great freehand brushwork schools have been influenced by him to some extent. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Geng commented that his paintings had reached the realm of "being clumsy in the countryside and neglecting painting". He advocates "economy" in painting. Sometimes he only draws a bird or a stone on a big piece of paper and only draws a few strokes, and his expression is perfect. His calligraphy style is vigorous and fluent. Seal cutting is simple and unique. In the process of forming his own style, Zhu Da inherited the fine traditions of the previous generation and found his own way. His flower-and-bird paintings lived in Xu Xi for five dynasties, and Zhu Lanmo, a literati painter in Song Dynasty, was also influenced by the techniques of Lin Liang, Lv Ji and Lu Zhi in Ming Dynasty, especially advocating the extensive painting style of the Qingteng Bai Yang. His landscape paintings reached as far away as the Southern Dynasties, and he studied under Dong, Ju, Mi Fei, Ni, Huang and Dong Qichang. In calligraphy, he studied Shi Guwen intensively, and since the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, he deliberately wrote down various calligraphy posts, especially Wang Xizhi. Generally speaking, Zhu Da's painting art is characterized by expressing feelings with form and taking spirit with form; The pen and ink are simple and light, and the pen is bold and unrestrained; Sparse layout and empty artistic conception; Full of energy and momentum. His form and skills are the best expression of his true feelings. Zhu Da forged his artistic accomplishment and skill, as he himself said: "There is no doubt about reading thousands of books; "If you travel to Wan Li, you will see a big hand." He thinks that painting is like climbing a mountain. "You must climb hard to be fearless", which shows his spirit of constantly tempering art. In the confrontation between innovation and conservatism in the early Qing Dynasty, Badashan people played a prominent role among the "four great painting monks" of the reformists. In memory of this great painter, after liberation, the "Painter Badashanren History Museum" was established in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area. Zhu Da's art has aroused great repercussions in the East, especially in Japanese painting circles and even in the world. There are several paintings and calligraphy works of Badashan people, which are no longer visible. Such as: lotus pond bird painting, river flower painting, fish and duck painting, fish music painting, miscellaneous flower painting, willow bathing bird painting, lotus dew painting, dashi fish painting, double eagle painting, ancient beauty painting and Mosong painting. In terms of calligraphy, there are Preface to Lanting, Four Screens of Linjiang, famous calligraphy posts, cursive poems and other scrolls, all of which are treasured by museums and courtyards at home and abroad.