Lanting is located at the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain in the southwest of Shaoxing 13 km, covering an area of 307 15 square meters. This area is a place with beautiful scenery on Yin Shan Road. "The mountains are stacked, the trees are lush, the bamboo forests are cultivated, and the water is clear and swift, reflecting from left to right."
It was a tourist attraction as early as 1600 years ago. Whenever spring blossoms in March, literati often come here for sightseeing and gathering. On the third day of the third lunar month in the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), Wang Xizhi, a book sage, invited 4/kloc-0 scholars, including Sun Chuo and Xie An, to come to Lanting, compiled a beautiful collection of books and wrote the famous Preface to Lanting Collection, which was praised as "the best running book in the world". Since then, Lanting's reputation has doubled, becoming a famous garden in the south of the Yangtze River and a holy place for calligraphy, attracting people. The present Lanting was rebuilt in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty according to the former site of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. 1980 fully recovered. Today, Lanting, with its beautiful landscape, elegant garden landscape, exclusive title and rich historical and cultural accumulation, is well-known at home and abroad for its four characteristics of "quiet scenery, elegant things, strange writing and strange books". It is an important scenic spot in China and one of the four famous pavilions in China. Its connotation can be summarized by "preface", "three monuments" and "eleven scenes": "preface" is the preface of Lanting; "Three Monuments" are Echi Monument, Lanting Monument and Imperial Monument; The "Eleven Scenes" are Goose Pond, Xiaolan Pavilion, Qushui Liuxiang, Shangliu Pavilion, Yubei Pavilion, Linchi Eighteen Cylinder, Wang Youjun Temple, Calligraphy Museum, Guyi Pavilion, Zhizhen and Le Chi.
Come to Lanting, let me introduce Wang Xizhi.
Wang Xizhi was born in 303 AD in Langya, Shandong Province, and died in 36 1 year. At the age of 59, he was buried in Jinting, Shengxian (now Shengzhou). Wang Xizhi was born in a calligraphy family and was instructed by his predecessors since childhood. When I was young, I learned calligraphy from his menstruation, a famous female calligrapher, Mrs. Wei. Later, he learned from others, found his own way, and created a new body to study beauty smoothly. People praised his calligraphy as "like a cloud in the sky, like a frightened dragon" ]
Ladies and gentlemen, the first part of Lanting is the Goose Pond. As we all know, Wang Xizhi likes raising geese, so there is a scene of goose pond in Lanting to commemorate this great calligrapher. It is said that an old man in Yin Shan wanted to ask Wang Xizhi to write a book called Huang Tingjing. He knew that Wang Xizhi liked white geese, so he specially raised a group of lovely white geese. When Wang Xizhi passed by, he saw a white goose with beautiful feathers. He couldn't help but stop and asked to buy a goose. The Taoist priest said, "I don't want money, as long as you write a book called Huang Tingjing. Xihe readily agreed, and the pen disappeared, but after half a day, when it was finished, the Taoist priest had put the goose in a cage. This is the story of White Goose Book. Entering the gate, through the bamboo path and the gurgling stream, a triangular pavilion appeared, engraved with two big characters: "Goose Pond". This is the first stone tablet about Wang Xizhi in Lanting. According to legend, Wang Xizhi was an official in Shaoxing. One day, just as he was writing Goose Pond with great interest, the imperial edict was delivered to him as soon as he finished writing the word "Goose", so Wang Xizhi had to stop writing and kneel down to receive the edict. His son, Wang Xianzhi, picked up a pen and continued to write "Chi". Look at these two words, "goose" is thin and "pool" is fat. This tablet became a famous "father-son tablet" in the history of calligraphy. ]
【 Thirty stacked stone over the Goose Pond is Xiaolan Pavilion. There is a stone tablet in the pavilion. The inscription of Lanting was written by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. The inscription was slightly flattened by many tourists, so this monument is called "military and civilian monument". Lanting was destroyed in the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, and the monument was smashed into three pieces. Although it has been repaired, there are still signs of damage, among which the word "Lan" lacks the tail and the word "Pavilion" lacks the head, but the ancient rhyme still exists. Lanting is not a pavilion, but a place name. According to legend, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, planted bluegrass here in the Spring and Autumn Period, and built a post pavilion in the Han Dynasty, from which the famous Lanting City came. There are seven Lanting pavilions in the world, which are located in Beijing, Ningbo, Taiwan Province and Japan, but the real Lanting pavilion is in Shaoxing. ]
"Qushui Flowing" is a very famous scenic spot in Lanting. In front of Shangliu Pavilion, there is a winding water, a piece of wood fossil engraved with the words "meandering water flows". It shows the scene described in Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion: "There are mountains, forests, bamboo pruning, and clear streams, reflecting left and right, thinking that they are flowing." It contains a very famous story: In the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang Xizhi invited 4 1 celebrities to repair wine in Lanting Ji Ya. They poured the wine into their cups and let it flow down slowly from the upper reaches of Qushui. If it floats in front of anyone, whoever doesn't do it will have to drink and write poems and be punished three times. 1 1 each wrote two poems, 15 each wrote 1 poem, and 16 was fined for not writing poems. A total of 37 poems were compiled into a book named Preface to Lanting Collection, and the owner Wang Xizhi was recommended as the preface. Wang Xizhi readily agreed. Every year, many literati come here to imitate Wang Xizhi and Lanting Ji Ya, drinking and writing poems. Every year, the Calligraphy Festival will hold an elegant gathering here. Shangliu Pavilion is a memorial to Qushui and one of the main buildings of Lanting, which was built in Qing Dynasty. The pavilion is surrounded by long wooden windows and surrounded by cloisters outside, which is antique. There is a flowing picture hanging on the wall of the pavilion, which vividly reproduces the scene of Wang Xizhi and others compiling elegant collections. Some of them bowed their heads and meditated, some raised their glasses and drank, and some were drunk, which was amazing. This picture is a fan painting by a painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, which is copied according to the original work. Later, the preface to Lanting Collection was written by Sun Chuo and by Yang Enshu, the magistrate of Shanyin County during Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. ]
To the east of Shangliu Pavilion is Youjun Temple, whose structure is very ingenious. Surrounded by water, a hall is built on the water. There is a corridor in the hall. There is a pool next to the corridor. There is a pavilion in the pool. There is a bridge next to the pavilion. In the room, you can see the five scenes of heaven, earth, sun, moon and stars, and you can also witness books of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many stone carvings inscribed by later generations embedded in the cloister walls on both sides of Mo Chi, most of which were copied by calligraphers of past dynasties according to various versions and handwriting of Preface to Lanting Collection. The pool in the middle is Mo Chi, whose masterpiece is the phrase "calligraphy by the pool, the water in the pool is all black". The pavilion above is called Mohua Pavilion. The cloisters on both sides are places where calligraphers and calligraphy lovers exchange calligraphy. 1987 The grand book art exchange meeting of China-Japan Lanting Book Fair was held here.
Wang Xizhi's portrait hangs in the main hall of Youjun Temple. (This is the masterpiece of Song Zongyuan, vice president of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, a contemporary painter.) The couplets on both sides were written by Mr. Sha Menghai: "I have spent my life in mountains and rivers, and there is nothing to say in the past and present", which fully expresses Wang Xizhi's character of wandering between mountains and rivers without any intention of official career. There are various versions of Preface to Lanting copied by calligraphers in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, among which Feng Chengsu's Dragon Book in the Tang Dynasty is the most authentic.
Speaking of Preface to Lanting Collection, everyone must want to witness Wang Xizhi's original work with their own eyes, but unfortunately it is difficult to do so. As a family heirloom, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting has been handed down from generation to generation. When Zhi Yong, the seventh generation descendant of Wang Xizhi, became a monk, he passed on the preface to his disciples. If eloquence is wealth, hide it in the dark sill between beams. At this time, it was the era of Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong loved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Knowing that the Preface to Lanting was in the hands of eloquence, he ordered Xiao Yi to design an original.
Dressed up as a poor scholar, Xiao Yi went to visit the debater and make friends with him. They often drink, write poems and comment on the paintings and calligraphy of the two kings. When the wine was hot, the debater finally revealed that he had the real book Preface to Lanting Collection. Xiao Yi's debater regarded him as a "good friend" and lost his guard. He put the original preface to Lanting Collection on the console table and never put it back in the dark sill between the beams. One day, knowing that the debater was away, Xiao Yi sneaked into the monk's room and stole the original Preface to Lanting Collection.
After Xiao Yi stole the original Preface to Lanting Collection, he went to the local government office and ordered him to preach eloquence and knock on the suggestion of suggestion. After the eloquence arrived, Xiao Yi told him that he had come by decree to get the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, and now he has it, so he specially called to say goodbye. After listening to eloquence, he fainted and died of shock and regret.
Emperor Taizong got the original of Wang Xizhi and ordered him to copy it and give it to his prince as a close minister. When he died, he left a testamentary edict, and Preface to Lanting Collection was to be buried in Zhaoling as a funerary object. Since then, people will never see the original preface to Lanting Collection, but you can still appreciate Wang Xizhi's exquisite calligraphy art from various manuscripts. ]
Ladies and gentlemen, now we come to the Imperial Monument Pavilion behind the Youjun Temple. The Imperial Monument Pavilion, with octagonal double eaves, was originally a wooden structure. It collapsed in 1950s and was rebuilt in 1983, with a height of12.5m. The Imperial Monument in the pavilion is 6.8m high, 2.6m wide and 20cm thick, and weighs1.8000kg. It is one of the largest ancient monuments in China. On the front of the plaque is the full text of Preface to Lanting Collection written by Emperor Kangxi, which is free and easy. Yin Bei wrote a poem "Lanting is a thing" when Emperor Qianlong visited Lanting. The works of two emperors, grandparents and grandchildren, are carved on the same stone tablet, which is called "the tablet of grandparents and grandchildren". It is unique in China and can be said to be a national treasure. "Father-son Monument", "Military-civilian Monument" and "Ancestor Monument" are called "Lanting Three Musts".
Ladies and gentlemen, let's visit Lanting Calligraphy Museum next. Lanting Calligraphy Museum, completed on 1988, is located in the southwest of Yubei Pavilion, covering an area of 10 mu. Across the stream is the calligraphy museum, and the environment is very quiet, really like a paradise. This museum is a place to display the long history of China's calligraphy and famous works at home and abroad, and also a place to hold calligraphy exchanges.
In order to meet the respect of calligraphers at home and abroad for Lanting and Wang Xizhi, the relevant departments have planned to build a new stele gallery here. Now, calligraphers such as Sha Menghai and Qigong have erected monuments in Nishinomiya City and Tianxi Society in Japan, from which we can appreciate the artistic style of Chinese and foreign calligraphers.
Eighteen cylinders in Linchi is a participating scenic spot in Lanting, which consists of eighteen cylinders, Xiziping and Taizi Monument. The scenic spots are based on Wang Xianzhi's eighteen-cylinder Linchi book and the allusions of Wang Xizhi's great achievements. According to legend, Wang Xianzhi didn't want to practice after practicing three tanks of water, thinking that he had written very well. He's a little proud. Once, he wrote some words to show his father. After reading it, Wang Xizhi felt that his writing was not good, especially one of the words "big" was too loose in structure, so he clicked a little and turned it into "too" and said, "Show it to your mother." After reading it, Mrs. Wang Xizhi said, "My son has practiced three tanks of water, but there is only one thing like Xi Shi." Wang Xianzhi was very ashamed after hearing this, knowing his own gap, so he worked hard to write eighteen jars of water and became a famous calligrapher when he grew up. Lanting has been introduced, thank you!