Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was named Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (1May 4th, 654, March 11th, Shunzhi18th-1722,65438+61February 20th,1/kloc-0.
Kangxi year number
Temple name sage
He Jian, posthumous title, was generous in honoring the upright and meritorious Emperor Dacheng Ren.
Lived 1654-1722 years.
In 166 1 year-1722.
Emperor Kangxi, Manchu, full name Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, temple name Qing Shengzu, took "Kangxi" as his title, and the Ming and Qing dynasties used to address the emperor by title. Kangxi is the emperor shunzhi's third son, and the emperor shunzhi's mother is Xiao Zhangkang. Born on March 18th, 11th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1May 4th, 654), he died on November 13th, 61st year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1722+February 20th, 665438). He was the longest reigning emperor in China.
Kangxi acceded to the throne at the age of 8, 14, and 16, the power minister Ao Bai.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Wu Sangui and other San Francisco forces were eliminated (1673), Taiwan Province Province was recovered from Zheng Ke, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong (1684), the rebellion of Junggar Khan and galdan was put down (1688-1697), and Russia's invasion of northeast China at that time was resisted. He built a summer resort in Chengde as a base for communication with nomadic people in the north. Since then, he has established an alliance system and a pilgrimage system in the summer resort, which has strengthened the stability of multi-ethnic countries. From the social and economic point of view, Kangxi adopted a series of policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood: actively encouraging reclamation, abolishing the cruel enclosure order in the early Qing Dynasty and changing its name to farmland; Regulation of water conservancy projects in the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Canal. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), it was decided that "prosperous times do not empower people", which finally promoted the development of agricultural economy, which was manifested in the rapid expansion of cultivated land, the increase of grain output and the extensive planting of cash crops, laying the foundation for "prosperous times"; Culturally, he held many erudite and academic courses, established the system of studying in South China, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars and maps such as Kangxi Dictionary, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Examination of Calendar Images, Essentials of Mathematics, Emperor Kangxi Calendar in Yongnian and Panorama of Emperor Kangxi. At the same time, he also has a strong attainments in western learning, and has dabbled in astronomy, mathematics (especially geometry), physics, chemistry, pharmacy (quinine) and medicine (once vaccinated his children against smallpox). Kangxi can be said to be the emperor with the highest mathematical literacy in the history of China. He personally named and translated the mathematical terms such as "root", "time" and "square" that we still use today.
Kangxi advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, and China's feudal autocracy reached its peak. In his later years, because of the mistake of choosing an heir, he abolished the crown prince twice, which led to the princes vying for the reserve for more than 20 years, which led to the slack of official management and the numerous parties in the DPRK and China, which directly affected social stability.
In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (lunar calendar), he died in Changchun Garden on November 13th. Tian Hongyun of He Qiao is a civil and military person, diligent, filial, incorruptible, meritorious and great. Temple name, sage. He was buried in Jingling, Dongling, Zunhua, Hebei Province.
biography
In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1May 4th, 654), he was born on March 18th in Ren Jing Palace, the Forbidden City in Beijing, the son of the same concubine. Kangxi 6 1 year 1 1 month 13 (A.D.1722 65438+February 20th) died in Qingxi Bookstore, Changchun Garden, Beijing. At the age of 69. He reigned for 6 1 year (16 1 year-1722) and was the longest-serving emperor in China history. Kangxi was only eight years old when he ascended the throne and was the third son of Shunzhi. Shunzhi accepted Tang Ruowang's advice and chose him as his successor because he was immune to smallpox.
In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), a pro-government ceremony was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on the seventh day of July. With the help of his grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, Kangxi won the struggle with the ministers in eight years and began the real pro-government stage. During the Kangxi period, in addition to Wu Sangui and other San Francisco forces (1673), Taiwan Province Province (1684) was recovered, the Junggar Khan-galdan rebellion (1688-1697) was put down, and Russia was successfully expelled from the Heilongjiang River Basin. He built a summer resort in Jehol, northeast of the capital, as a viewing place for princes and nobles of Mongolia, Tibet, Kazakhstan and other ministries. Shortly after Emperor Kangxi came to power, he announced that he would stop enclosure and relax the tax-free period for reclamation. He also began to rectify the official management and restored the assessment systems such as Beijing inspection and planning (clearing). In order to prevent being cheated by liegeman, Aisingiorro Michelle Ye also personally visited Beijing to learn about people's feelings and official management. Among them, the most famous ones are six southern tours, three eastern tours, one western tour, and hundreds of trips to Gyeonggi Mongolia. He also personally inspected the Yellow River and river workers, and ordered the regulation of Yongding River.
Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to giving preferential treatment to Han intellectuals. He held many well-read courses, established the system of studying in South China, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars and maps such as Kangxi Dictionary, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Examination of Calendar Images, Essentials of Mathematics, Emperor Kangxi Calendar in Yongnian and Panorama of Emperor Kangxi. However, on the other hand, Kangxi was also conservative and backward. After the recovery of Taiwan Province Province, the maritime ban was opened, but for fear of leaving the country, Nanyang trade was banned. He advocates Confucianism, especially Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. In addition, in the fifty years of Kangxi (17 1 1), there was a literary prison incident in Dai Mingshi's Nanshan Collection. In the thirteenth year of Kangxi, the one-year-old second son of Emperor Kangxi, born to the queen, became a prince. But decades later, the prince was abolished because of his own quality problems and affiliation with the DPRK. After the abolition of the prince, the princes coveted the throne, and the contradiction became more acute. Therefore, the prince was abolished and re-established, but Kangxi still could not tolerate his cronyism and abolished the prince three years later. Finally, it was spread to Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, when he was dying in 6 1 year. There are different opinions about the reasons why he abdicated from Yin Zhen. Some people think that Kangxi hoped that the shrewd Yin Zhen could vigorously reform the indulgence and accumulated abuses in the last years of Kangxi. Some people think that Kangxi gave it to Yin Zhen because he loved his fourth son, Li Hong. There are also legends that the ministers of life, Ronkedo and Yin Zhen, usurped the testamentary edict. In any case, this inheritance dispute is one of the famous unsolved cases in the history of China. During Kangxi's reign, he was called "the prosperous time of Kangxi" by his subjects. Buried in Malanyu, Zunhua, Zhili, the mausoleum number is Jingling.