(1910-1994) was born in wubu county, Shaanxi province. /kloc-join the revolution in 0/930. 1933 joined China. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he served as the political commissar of the fifth detachment of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi and the political commissar of the Red Fifth Regiment; Political commissar of Red 25th Column, member of Northern Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, deputy director of White Area Work Department, secretary of Wubao County Committee of the Communist Party of China, commander of the Second Combat Division of Northern Shaanxi Red Army, and secretary of Jiawumi Central County Committee. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as commander of operations in the east of Yan 'an, chief of staff of Shaanxi Special Committee, propaganda minister of Luochuan District Committee, deputy political commissar of the fourth division of Jinsui Military Region, and commander of the ninth division. During the War of Liberation, he served as Minister of the People's Movement Department and Secretary-General of the Political Department of the First Field Army. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the director of the Political Department of Northwest Railway Trunk Engineering Bureau, the political commissar of the troops entering Tibet in Northwest Military Region, the political commissar of the Standing Committee of the Tibet Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, the minister of organization department, the political commissar of Tibet Transportation Corps, the political commissar of the Logistics Department of Lanzhou Military Region, and the minister of industrial communications of Tibet Working Committee. 1955, he was awarded the rank of major general. Mu and Torudo, a founding general in Tibet, were awarded the rank of 1955. 14 years ago, he quietly left us after a glass of strong wine, leaving only the bonfire he lit for the first time on the roof of the world over Tibet forever. Few people remember his name now, but many people know his story. His name is Mu Zhongsheng, and people call him "the father of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway". The 4,000-mile Qinghai-Tibet Highway across Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Gangdise Mountain was born at the foot of the road-building army led by him. He devoted his life's energy and wisdom to the mountains and rivers of Qinghai-Tibet, and after his death, he let his children scatter his ashes on Kunlun Mountain. He went to Tibet three times, transporting grain, exploring roads and building roads ... In the third year of the Republic's birth, in the dead of winter when the north wind was blowing tightly and the sky was covered with gray clouds, Mu wrapped in a thin military uniform and embarked on a long journey of transporting grain from Xiangride, a small town with only a few indigenous families on the Qinghai Lake. At that moment, his heart must be full of ambition, and at the same time he is ready for another kind of thought. His life may end in this long journey to the west. If not, then why did he go to Dabei Photo Studio to take a photo before receiving the task in Beijing and returning to Lanzhou? This move seems to be a temporary move, but it is actually the professional consciousness of the soldiers. He developed a stack of photos, held them in his hand trembling, and distributed them to several good comrades-in-arms, and some relatives gave them away for free. Everyone who got the photo heard the same sentence: "If I die in that place, it will be a permanent memorial!" " "All the people who received the photos didn't speak, and silently prayed for him in their hearts. It can't be said that this is sadness, but more tragic. He is a soldier and is about to go to a strange and dangerous place to open up a new battlefield. Of course, he is eager to wake up the dawn, but he will never bow his head when darkness comes. Mu's mission is unprecedented and should be recorded as an important milestone in the history of the Republic: transporting food to Tibet. He is the political commissar of the newly established Tibet Transport Team. Lhasa has no food to eat! Tibet is anxious to go to Beijing! At that time, there were more than 30 thousand troops peacefully liberating Tibet. If nothing else, it takes about 45 thousand Jin to eat vegetables every day. Tibet itself can't grow so much food even if it breaks through the ground. There are also dishes that the central party and government organs eat in Lhasa, all of which are from the mainland. China does not produce cars, and there are no cars in Tibet. Air is a restricted area. A veritable island! It can only be transported by camels, yaks, mules and horses. Troops and local government personnel who have not yet fully established themselves in Tibet tighten their belts and swallow their meals. Each person only provides 4 Liang of food every day. Some upper-class reactionaries in Tibet who dream of driving out the Han people are so proud that their noses are turned up at the moment. They raised their irrepressible arrogance. You buy my food? Of course. A catty of flour is a catty of silver, a catty of salt is eight silver dollars, and eight catties of cow dung (the main fuel in Tibet) is one silver dollar. Love to buy or not, if you want to live, you have to beg me to buy! At several meetings, Zhang Du, the representative of the Central Committee in Tibet, said with great anxiety: A catty of noodles we are eating now is the price of a catty of silver, and it takes four to boil a pot of boiling water! Damn it, we eat silver and swallow gold to kill time! Just as he said this, the butlers led by Barkhor Street shouted unscrupulously: "A silver dollar buys eight catties of cow dung!" " "Behind them is a mountain of dried cow dung. Mu Zhongsheng led the camel team to embark on the road to Tibet with food. It is said that there were about 200,000 camels in China at that time, and Mu Zhongsheng bought more than 26,000 camels from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. There are some horses, mules and yaks. This is the first time to transport food from the mainland to Tibet on such a large scale. After a long journey of 100 days, the grain was transported to Lhasa, nearly half of which was consumed and two-thirds of the camels died. More than 30 camel drivers also gave their lives. This is another story. Walking out of Xiangride, I soon met a scratching heart. From Xiangride to Golmud at the foot of Kunlun Mountain, there used to be a camel trail, which was left by camels who broke into Kunlun Mountain in earlier years. If this camel road can also be called a road, then this road is too irregular, vague and intermittent, just like an earthworm crawling several times and being covered by snow. The grain team walked along it, often along camel road, and disappeared inexplicably. What appeared in front of me were ravines, mountain buns, and sharp stones and thorns. Mu Zhongsheng said to camel workers, there is no sign of camels here. Let's go and find camel dung. Those dried camel droppings are road signs. Follow it. That's right. Of course, if you encounter a camel's body, it is also a road sign. Later, someone made up such a jingle: "Don't worry about entering Tibet, camel bones are road signs." "Look at the old man from a distance, and look at the camel near." The vast Gobi is empty and far away. After the life-saving camel road disappeared forever, the grain delivery team had to guess the general direction and go forward bravely, so that they lost their way in the Gobi Desert. It is often the case that I always think that I will go forward, go around a big circle, and return to my original place in disappointment. Camel dung, camel hoofprint and camel bones led the grain transportation team to Golmud. What was Golmud like then? Everywhere is desolate, no one can be seen, and no tree can be seen. I saw a small river, which was covered with ice and sand. The grain delivery team is about to run out of food. At night, Mu Zhongsheng couldn't sleep, thinking about how to continue the trek in the future. He woke up the sleeping confidential personnel and immediately sent a telegram to Beijing, asking his superiors to try to provide them with food. Leng Yue hangs high, and the cold stars are a little bit. When the tranquility of Kunlun Mountain entered the most profound moment of 24 hours a day, a camel finished its life course and fell on the cold wasteland of Golmud forever. This is the first camel that died after the grain delivery team set out. It turned a blind eye and died, and its dehydrated body made it curl up thinner and thinner. Mu Zhongsheng, who was patrolling at night, knelt down and gently closed his half-open eyes. At dawn, the plateau is still immersed in a dream, and camel bells awaken Kunlun Mountain. The grain team has embarked on a journey again. Just where they camped, they left a pile of mounds and new soil. The dead camel of that mountain peak is buried there, and its body is completely buried inside. Mu Zhongsheng said that this silent comrade-in-arms died, and we should find a place for him. Before burial, he found a wound on the camel's front leg, which was covered with blood scabs. He told the hygienist to wrap it up and not to let it go far with the injury. The military doctor bandaged the wounds of his comrades with gauze layer after layer ... The cold wind swept the whole journey. Camel bells on the road are ringing in the snow. This thin metal clock has a bright sound. Tink, tink ... it's like a thousand years of aging, but I don't know who it is for. Drunk every barren beach and glacier on the roadside, drunk every cloud and bird in the sky. The bell rang, leaving no trace, and only those who traveled far missed their hometown. The area before them is completely covered with ice and snow. This is a biological forbidden area since ancient times, and basically no one can see anyone else. Occasionally I saw a shepherd, standing in the distance, staring at the camel team with puzzled and stiff eyes. They were unkempt and didn't wash their faces for days. The appearance of the world of ice and snow has brought great disaster to camels. We are running out of food and grass, but there is hardly any grass along the way. I finally ran into a grass beach covered with ice and snow or gravel. Needless to say, the grass withered, withered and stuck to the ground, and the camel tasted terrible. Because camels have long legs, they are used to eating tall grass in the desert. The grass on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is short and thin, so camels can't chew it or bend their necks to bite it. You have to eat grass, or you can't live! Some camels have to lie down and kneel to eat grass. It's really hard for them. Due to the lack of forage, many camels soon lost weight, became skinny and fell to the ground. The fallen camel was exhausted and couldn't stand up after struggling hard. No matter how hard the camel workers pull, they can't get up. Camel workers really can't bear to let them fall forever, so they gather together in too many cooks to help or pull or lift camels, but they can't get up. Helpless, they had to make a last resort, unloading the food and other trips on these camels and sharing them with other camels, ready to leave them and move on. Although people and camels are very short of food and grass, camel workers have to leave a handful of food for these dying camels when they leave. They reached out trembling hands, patted the camel and brought the food to their mouths, but they didn't speak. Camels may no longer be able to eat, but camel workers would rather starve themselves than leave them something to eat. People and camels share weal and woe along the way, and breaking up is as difficult as giving up your heart! Camel workers reluctantly dropped those camels that could not travel together, and continued on their way, turning around step by step, Lacrimosa. The poor camels obviously felt that their master was going to abandon it, so they used up their last strength to cry, raised their heads and screamed in the air, crying miserably and getting more and more desolate. Some even jumped up, but immediately fell down and screamed. Unable to bear it, the owner went back to hold the camel and wept bitterly, and once again took out the dry food saved in his pocket and fed it to the camel. This time, the camel opened its mouth and swallowed the dry food, but it could not chew. It just shed long dry tears ... the camel struggled painfully and twisted with the footsteps of camel workers. After a few days, some abandoned camels miraculously slowed down and stood up by themselves. Maybe it was the dry food left by the owner that saved their lives, or maybe it was the providence that kept them alive. In short, they survived. Camels are far away, so they can only find grass to eat on the grass beach in isolation. In fact, it is looking for its owner! At this time, if the people behind the grain delivery team happen to meet them, they will take them away and let them return to the team. People cried when they saw their master again. They are like lost children who find their mother, snuggling up to their master, crying sadly and hoarse. From time to time, they also put their heads on their master's outstretched hands. Is it a reunion with their master or a protest against his abandonment? The master couldn't help crying, kissed his ear with his mouth and put his head against his eyes. This situation makes all the people watching feel sad and look away from other places and become silent. Of course, the camel who returned to the team for the second time like this is different after all. Strangely, these camels regenerated from the death line never fell down and walked all the way to Lhasa. Animals, like people, have become strong after a narrow escape. The grain delivery team began to die, and people starved to death almost every day. Mu Zhong Sheng knelt beside his dead comrade-in-arms, hit him on the head with his fist, and repeatedly said, "Why did you leave everyone? Why am I so incompetent that I can't let you walk to Lhasa? " He dried his tears and said, "We can't leave our comrades behind. In this wild land, anything unimaginable can happen. Dead comrades should be allowed to keep up with the team. " So the body collection team was set up. The team pulled out 10 hump camels to carry the bodies of their comrades. It takes courage to transport corpses and deal with the dead all day, but the most important thing is feelings. Just tie the body to a camel and take care of it during the day. At night, when we arrived at the campsite, people had a rest and camels had to rest, so we had to move the body down and put it in one place. I'm afraid that wild insects will hurt my comrades-in-arms. Someone has to stand guard. Mu Zhongsheng has two things to do. First, at midnight, he will get up and look at the bodies of his comrades. Once he finds that the guards are negligent or have other problems, he will make appropriate arrangements immediately. Second, he should count the bodies himself when he carries them to the camel in the morning. He said: Comrades are all dead, and we must ensure that they do not fall behind. We living people should take good care of them. Later, the grain delivery team returned to Golmud after completing the task, and none of the bodies of 30 comrades who gave their precious lives rotted. Mu Zhongsheng led everyone to bury them in the northern suburb of Golmud, which is the beginning of the Kunlun Martyrs Cemetery today.