Cixi [1835165438+1October 29th (October 10th, 15th year of Daoguang reign)-1908 65438+ 10/5 (October 30th year of Guangxu reign) A Brief Introduction to the Life of Empress Dowager Cixi Qin Xiao of the Qing Dynasty ruled China for half a century. From the end of Xianfeng to Xuan Tong, she participated in and mastered the sovereignty of san huang. Her autocratic power led to "sorrow in the world". She not only promoted the Westernization Movement, but also supported the die-hards to curb it. She is afraid of losing power and shaking the royal family. Compromise and make concessions to the outside world, and brutally suppress it at home. She has been addicted to power all her life. Because of autocracy, Guangxu was depressed all his life and finally died with a grudge. She escaped from the court twice, the first time with her husband. After her husband died, she purged eight ministers and seized power. What she never expected was that her escape after 40 years was even more embarrassing. What she had to face was the survival crisis of the Qing government. She was forced to sign a series of treaties, which humiliated her power and country with the great powers. She wrote the last page of China's feudal rule and staged a farce in which the empress dowager came to power at the end of feudal society. What was left to future generations was only reviled, and the photos taken by Xun Ling for her faded with time. Empress Dowager Cixi is also Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Nana. Nicknamed Laner. Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty was the imperial concubine and the actual supreme ruler of Tongzhi and Guangxu dynasties. The man holding the blue flag in Manchuria, Yenara. In the first year of Xianfeng, he was elected to the palace, and was awarded the title of nobility, and was promoted to Jinyian for three years. Xianfeng gave birth to Zai Chun, the eldest son of the emperor, and Jin Yi, the imperial concubine, in six years. In the palace, the position is second only to the filial piety queen Niu Zhilu, and because of the love of Emperor Xianfeng, he intervened in the political affairs. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, the British and French allied forces advanced on Beijing, and she fled to Jehol with Emperor Xianfeng. In August of the 11th year of Xianfeng, Emperor Xianfeng died in Jehol Palace, and was named "Xie Shouren Xie Tianyi, Xie Shengyi, Emperor Aoyuan, respectful, generous and sensitive". Appointed,,, Jing Shou, Kuangyuan, Du Han,, Jiao Youying as "Zanxiang Government King" and appointed the six-year-old as emperor. Ye Lashi, Yi Guifei and filial piety queen Niu Zhilu are honored as Empress Dowager Cixi, with Cixi and Ci 'an as their emblems, commonly known as Western Empress and Eastern Empress. At that time, there were three forces in the imperial court, namely, Eight Ministers, Emperor Yin (the imperial clan headed by him) and Empress Dowager (the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager). The latter two forces jointly staged a coup in Qixiang in 1 1. Zai Yuan, Duan Hua and Su Shun were executed, while the other five were dismissed or sent away. In RMB, the same treatment. Empresses of the two palaces will listen to politics. The success of the coup means that Cixi began to take power formally. Relying on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and other Han bureaucratic forces, she colluded with foreign invaders, successively suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Nian Army and the Miao and Hui Uprising, and temporarily stabilized the rule of the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, Cixi adopted the policy of Westernization School demanding wealth by itself, started some new industries, and trained the navy and army to strengthen the political power. On the other hand, it also supports the die-hards to curb Westernization in order to strengthen the centralization of the court. In the 13th year of Tongzhi, the Emperor Tongzhi died, and was named as "Emperor Bao Zheng, who made great contributions, and Gong Min, who was sincere in filial piety and generous in righteousness". Cixi made Zai Tian, the four-year-old son of Wang Yixian, the king of Alcohol County, emperor, with the year number Guangxu, and the prince of Jinchun, the king of Alcohol County. It continues to listen to the politics of Empress Dowager Cixi. In March of the seventh year of Guangxu, Empress Ci 'an died, and Cixi continued to hold real power. In the 12th year of Guangxu, Cixi restored the Qingyi Garden burned by the British and French allied forces in the name of running the navy. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu, he changed from listening to politics to political training. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu, Cixi was nominally ruled by Emperor Guangxu, but she still manipulated internal affairs and diplomatic power. Some senior officials of the central and local governments have been obedient for a long time, forming post-party groups around them. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, she fantasized that the great powers would intervene and mediate, and finally she was defeated. In the 21st year of Guangxu, Cixi appointed Li Hongzhang, Minister Plenipotentiary for Peace, and his son Li to go to Japan to sign the treaty of shimonoseki. This forced the Qing government to give up its control over North Korea. In the 24th year of Guangxu, Emperor Guangxu carried out the Reform Movement of 1898. The die-hards headed by Cixi staged a coup and imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai. Cixi announced that she would protest to the government, make Prince Pu Jun the eldest brother, and prepare to depose the emperor and make Pu Jun the emperor. Due to the opposition of some local governors and foreign envoys, she still kept the name of Guangxu. In August of the 26th year of Guangxu, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. On the pretext of "Western Expedition", she fled to Xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu, and before she left, she pushed Princess Zhen into the well and drowned. Later, in order to stifle public opinion, he hypocritically claimed that Zhen Fei was not as good as the Martyrs Palace because of her retinue, and made Zhen Fei a concubine of Queshun. In November of the 26th year of Guangxu, Eight-Nation Alliance, who stayed in Beijing for more than a month, could not resist and sent an ultimatum to the fugitive Cixi. The supreme commander of the allied forces, Wa Sid, asked the Qing government to punish the criminals. Li Hongzhang sent an urgent telegram to Cixi. Cixi was overjoyed to see that the powers did not list her as the culprit. She immediately sent a telegram to Li Hongzhang, demanding that Article 12 of the Peace Outline be agreed immediately, and said that she would "measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country" from now on. On the 27th year of Guangxu 1 month15th, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, and Yi Kuang, prince of Qing Dynasty, signed the unprecedented "Xin Chou Treaty", which was a big auction of the sovereignty of Qing government. The Qing government headed by her became a tool for foreigners to rule China. On February 3, the allies demanded that the culprit be punished; On the 8th, Cixi executed Zaixun, Zaiyi, Zailan and others. On January 7th, the 28th year of Guangxu, Cixi and Guangxu returned to Beijing by train from Baoding, ending their exile for more than a year. In Baoding, Cixi stood on the platform for five minutes. She wants the world to know that the Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty is still alive and well, and the Qing government is as stable as ever. Since then, in order to ease class contradictions and maintain rule, Cixi has continued to carry out the New Deal. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, preparations for constitutionalism were announced. On November 13th, the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, Puyi, the son of Zai Feng, the Prince of Alcohol, was brought into the palace to be raised, and Zai Feng was made Regent. On November 14th, the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, Emperor Guangxu died in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, and was honored as "Emperor Wen Wei, Wu Ren, filial piety, wisdom, frugality and diligence". She made Puyi, the son of Zai Feng, the prince of alcohol, the emperor, with the title of Xuan Tong. Respecting Cixi as the Empress Dowager; He Na Lashi, the empress of Guangxu, was the empress dowager, the princess of Jin, and Gao Jin, the imperial concubine of Kangdi (who died in 12 years of the Republic of China). On November 15th, the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, Cixi died in a Luan Hall in Zhongnanhai and was buried in Dingdong Mausoleum. It ended the rule of the Qing dynasty for half a century.