Who is the spring god in ancient Han mythology in China? A: So is the sentence (read tick, g not u). For more than two thousand years, Ju Mang, the goddess of spring, has not only existed in literature, but also appeared in welcoming ceremonies. It is urgent and meaningful to restore the image of Ju Mang, the goddess of spring, from scattered literature records and analyze its cultural implications.
Documentary record
There are many records about the life experience of Ju Mang, the goddess of spring.
Lv Chunqiu Meng Chun
"Lu Chunqiu Meng Chun": "Its emperor is Tai Wei, and its god is Ju Mang." Gaoyou Note: "Tai Wei and Fu, known as King Mudd, died in the east and became Emperor Mudd. The clause of Shaoluojia is heavy, Sasaki is the emperor, and he died as the god of wooden officials. "
Book of rites Moon order
"Book of Rites. "Moon Order": "The Moon of Meng Chun is too emperor, and its gods are Ju Mang and Yu Chunyue; Month, its emperor, its god Zhu Rong, yue, is natural; Meng Yue is less emperor, and his spirit and nature are all natural; Zhuan Xu, the emperor of Mengdong, is natural because of his divinity and his presence in Dongyue. "
"Book of Rites and Moon Order": "Its emperor is white and high, and its god is Ju Mang." Zheng Xuan wrote: "The son of Gao is a wooden official." Zhu Jian said, "White and high sacrifice, Wang Zhi Mu De also. Is the son of Gao, is a wooden minister. After the celestial pole was established, the Holy Spirit made meritorious deeds for the people first, so the later Lord worshipped it in the spring. "
Mo Zi Ming Gui Xia
Mo Ziming and Gui Xia said: Once upon a time, in Qin Mugong, Zhong Shi was in the ancestral hall, and he saw a god enter the temple gate and walk to the left, looking like a bird and with a square face. Qin Mugong ran away in fright. God said, "Don't be afraid. God rewarded you for your virtue and sent me to give you a 19-year-old birthday, so that your country will prosper, have many children and grandchildren, and not lose Qin. " Qin Mugong kowtowed again and said, "Dare you ask the name of the Great God?" "I am Ju Mang," he replied. 」
Ju Mang, with a compass in his hand, manages the spring water with Fuxi, the Eastern Emperor. This mountain is a human face, a bird's body, a square pier on the face, wearing white clothes and driving two dragons. It is said that he is the son of the Western Emperor, and his name is Chong. It can be seen that even in Tiangong, it is difficult to find a good job, which has nothing to do with this. People call him "Ju Mang", which means that plants grow in twists and turns in spring. The word "Ju Mang" symbolizes spring and life. It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong was a clever king and could appoint a good minister. He once redeemed Prissy from the State of Chu with five sheepskins, and entrusted him with the important task of the country. He loved the people deeply and once pardoned 300 barbarians who killed his good horse. Later, these people thanked him for his kindness, helped him defeat the army of the State of Jin, and captured Yiwu, the monarch of the State of Jin. Because of these virtues, heaven and earth called Ju Mang, the god of wood and spring, and made him live longer 19 years.
These records tell us that it is the son of Mu Guan and Shao, the spring god. From the shape, the word "sentence" of "Ju Mang" is like a small bud that has just sprouted and unearthed, and its head is hooked, while the word "awn" is those furry burrs. Isn't this also a sign of fertility and growth?
What is the image of Ju Mang? According to the materials, the original image of Ju Mang, the goddess of spring, is a bird with a human face. "Shan Hai Jing Overseas East longitude" said: "In Ju Mang, a bird has a face and rides two dragons." Ju Mang's bird face shows that Dabaigao tribe living in the east was originally a tribe with bird as its totem belief, and Ju Mang God may be the totem god of this tribe. Is Ju Mang a woman or a man? There is no material to explain. But the mythical Dabaigao tribe is already a patriarchal tribal society. It is also reported that the face of God Ju Mang is square. Influenced by historical myths and patriarchal society, the map of Ju Mang in later generations has almost completely become the image of an ancient courtier, except for a few hairs called "mans" on the top of the head.
Yan Chao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in a hidden poem: "Man rides a double dragon, and the Tao is nine times as heavy as the spring god." (The Whole Tang Poetry, Volume 69) In the Spring Festival sacrificial activities of past dynasties, Ju Mang was also a recurring role. According to Chronicle of Years Old, the day before the spring, when government officials at all levels led a team to the eastern suburbs to hold a ceremony to drive cattle to welcome the spring, Ju Mang always followed him, sometimes holding colorful whips. As for where he stands, it depends on the branches of the five elements. Ju Mang is generally no longer Ju Mang in this ceremony, but is called "Mang God". The headstrong god is both a spring god and a valley god. A year's farming is even under his control and arrangement.
Due to the ethnic, regional and religious differences, in China's ancient mythology, Ju Mang was not the only spring god, but Judea. But the giant butterfly belongs to the role in Yin mythology. Unlike Ju Mang, she is a goddess. The late mythologist Ding Shan said: "Judy is the god of love, that is, the god of spring. Spring breeze is coming, everything is covered with grass, and the spring god has the ability to promote reproduction, so he is regarded as a reproductive god by the public. Judy's god is quite similar to Essy in ancient Egypt. "
Dong Jun in The Songs of Chu is also considered as the spring god of Chu. Li Taihou, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote "Spring in the Palace of Han Dynasty": "Jiang Mei is natural and unrestrained, with two or three horizontal bamboo shoots. Dong Jun doesn't cherish it, either. Ruthless swallows, cold spring, faint falling flowers. However, there are geese every year, and when they return, they have already seen them open. " also
China has had the idea of worshipping the spring god since ancient times, and has followed many customs of offering sacrifices to welcome the spring, but there are different opinions about the myths and legends of the spring god. Or the God of Spring is Di Qing, or the God of Spring is Ju Mang, or both are one. Perhaps primitive worship and religion are mixed, resulting in various titles of spring god.
The reason why Chun Shen said for Di Qing is extremely complicated. Its prototype is Fuxi, the head of the legendary "Huang San", also known as Taihao Fuxi. According to legend, he was born in Ji Cheng, Weishui Valley. He listened to the wind from all directions, made a harp, painted "gossip", imitated spiders and made fishing nets. He was the pathfinder for the Chinese nation to enter the civilized era from the primitive state. Perhaps Fuxi has made outstanding contributions, perhaps because of his outstanding reputation, and he is regarded as the God of the East by people's myths. After the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements became popular, the Eastern Emperor was also called Di Qing, and Di Qing was also called the God in charge of spring.
As time went on, Di Qing's statement changed again. During the Warring States Period, the book "The Heavenly Officials in Zhou Li are Great" recorded the saying of "worshiping five emperors". The book "River Map" in the Western Han Dynasty records: "The respect of the East is Mu Di; Chi Di in the south is furious, and the fire emperor is also; The central yellow emperor contains the hub, and the local emperor also; Xibaidi refused, and Di Chin also; Ye Guangji is in the north of Hei Di, and the water emperor is also ". At this point, our name is "Yang", which may be a title. After the appearance of Taoism, the Five Emperors of Shu Wei were slightly modified to form five parties and five elders. In the volume of Five Old Red Books and Jade Pieces in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Yuan Dynasty, it said: "Oriental Anbaohua Lin Qingling began to be old, with a first name and a surname of Yan, and she was afraid to understand. At this time, he not only had a surname, but also became famous. "Ling Weiyang" became his "word".
According to legend, Ju Mang, also known as Gou Mang, Mu Zheng and Moody, is the god who manages agriculture. The history of offering sacrifices to the Mang God can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty, when the East Hall was set up and the Spring Festival ceremony was held every year. This custom continued until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
In addition, there are also spring gods who combine Fuxi and Ju Mang. Han legend has it that Fuxi became the emperor of the East, and his courtier Ju Mang became his god. The two of them jointly manage the 12,000-mile Yuan Ye of the Oriental Green Soil Tree, and together they are the gods of spring. This statement is not necessarily contradictory to the "Ju Mang, the God of Emperor Taiwei" recorded in Shangshu Hongfan mentioned above. There are no punctuation marks in ancient literature, which may be broken down into a sentence: "Emperor Taiping and the God of Ju Mang are in charge". In this way, it is not difficult to understand that Emperor Taiti, that is, Fuxi and Ju Mang jointly created spring. Fuxi is either the Lord God or Ju Mang is the god of his subordinates. This is also in line with the legend that Fuxi is in charge of the East and Ju Mang is the god of plants and life.
As the ancestor of oriental timber, Ju Mang's alchemy level is also a must, and it is called the "Crown Witch Gate". On this day, he walked out of Wuzu Mountain and headed east to find a kind of herbal medicine called "Cao Li Wang", which can enhance the strength of users and make their strength increase several times in a short time according to their own potential. But if you take it directly, it will also cause the user to be unconscious. Hit everyone, and everything will be ruined. After the drug is used, this person will also be greatly hurt. For ordinary people, this kind of grass is really poisonous. But in the hands of an outstanding alchemist, this medicine is really genuine. Ju Mang is going to forge several furnaces of Hercules pills and distribute them to the door.
Hercules pill inherits and develops the medicinal properties of Leonurus heterophyllus and eliminates its negative effects. I discovered this herb when I was traveling in Ju Mang in my early years, so I arranged a ban to hide it and used my unique skills to help it grow and reproduce. Now it has grown into a large piece. There are more and more frictions between the near witch gate and the demon clan, so some preparations need to be made. The outcome of the monk's struggle depends on many reasons, such as attributes, magic weapons, spells and so on. In addition to cultivation, sometimes external factors are more important than cultivation, and Dan medicine is also the most important one among many external factors. Although this drug doesn't play any role in Wu Zu-level battles, it can play a role in turning the tide of the war, especially in battles below Dawu. Ju Mang, the fifth ancestor, is ready to return enough King Li grass. Suddenly, he felt the smell of the demon sun, and he was surprised and then furious. As the prince of the inferno, the sun dares to dominate the vast land, knowing that the vast land is the territory of the witch gate and letting them wreak havoc. Ju Mang wanted to tear up these crows at that time, snorted heavily in his nose, and immediately ran away along the breath of the sun.
Although Wu Zu didn't practice Yuan Shen, he only practiced his body, but they were born in heaven and earth and had a unique feeling, which was as effective as Yuan Shen. Sensing Kuafu's death and the combination of heaven and earth, he went on the rampage and gnashed his teeth, swearing that his eyes would destroy Di Jun and his son. It was not until Hou Yi shot four arrows that Ju Mang arrived. At this moment, he couldn't stop Hou Yi from shooting four arrows that were almost self-mutilation. It is said that the arrow was on Xuan and had to be fired. As soon as these four arrows were shot out, the sky and the earth changed color and clouds surged with the arrows. Four arrows are fired at the same time, but in order, the first arrow is shot at the front, but the speed is the slowest, the second arrow is second, ranking second, and so on. When it hit Di Jun, the second arrow hit the tail end of the first arrow, and the third and fourth arrows also hit the tail end of the previous arrow respectively. At this time, the strength of the four arrows is concentrated on the tip of the first arrow, which is not the effect that one plus one equals two. The four arrows of the sun god, which contained all the power of Hou Yi of Dawu, collided with each other, amplifying the power to the degree of terror. The arrow turned into powder at the moment of collision, leaving only a little cold star. Di Jun, not feeling dragged up, gathered the power of the stars in front of him, controlled the rapid rotation with his gods, and formed a whirlpool right in front of the arrow. The power of the silver star turned into a black vortex, and nothing in the black could hold it. Even pick Jin Xian into this vortex can't support for a moment. The little cold star was shot into the whirlpool and disappeared. Was it swallowed up by a powerful vortex? No, the vortex is a matter similar to a black hole, connecting several other spaces. After the black hole entered these spaces, Xiaoxing broke through several spaces in a row and finally appeared in front of Di Jun through the space barrier.
As if I knew what it could do, I arranged the barrier early. The cold star plunged into the star barrier again and launched a fierce battle with the barrier barriers. Layers of barriers can't resist the power of cold stars and penetrate layer by layer. It's just that the cold star seems to be powerful, but in fact it consumes more than half of the energy, which has already posed a threat to the emperor. I secretly shook my head and scoffed at Hou Yi's solitary attack. He can deal with the weak, but he is ashamed to deal with his master. Uncontrolled energy poses no threat to the owner. The master's training needs not only the strength of the earth, but also various changes. This is mainly manifested in the control of energy. If you can control the energy at will, you can deal with several times this energy. You see, Di Jun can counteract it with far weaker energy than the cold star. Actually, I quite appreciate Hou Yi. There are very few archers who attack from afar like him, and none of them can reach the level of Hou Yi.
Brother Wumen relies on a strong body. Speaking of physical body, Hou Yi is weak among all wizards, but his attack power is far stronger than other wizards with bows and arrows. Anyway, the last blow of Hou Yi was easily resisted by the Emperor. He lit the cold star, was grabbed by the Emperor, and with a pinch, it became powder and floated away from the Emperor. Although this arrow was useless, it also bought time for Hou Yi. Uzu Ju Mang reached a finger, and a green light shot into Hou Yi's body, nourishing his nearly withered body. Ju Mang's eyes glistened with cold light. He said to the Emperor, "Emperor, as the Emperor of Heaven, you are not blessed in the spirit of heaven. How can you bully the younger generation in my vast land? It really loses the dignity of the emperor. " Di Jun wanted to kill Hou Yi in one fell swoop in memory of his nine dead sons. Hou Yi was protected by Ju Mang, so he couldn't kill him. A feeling of hatred hung over his brow. He sink a track: "Ju Mang, I must kill Hou Yi today to avenge my son. If you find it difficult, I will kill you first. " For Di Jun, Ju Mang has a personal experience. In previous battles, four five ancestors suppressed Di Jun together. Now he is the only one, and he is really no match. But with the strong physique of Wuzu, it is not a problem for a person to beat Dijun for three days and three nights. At most, he suppressed him and couldn't kill himself. Wu Zu's aggressive character also exists, and he is willing to give up easily there. Besides, all his brothers came in this direction and were afraid of him. Ju Mang smiled and said, "Di Jun, you are so arrogant. Did my ancestors have the habit of running away without fighting? Bring it on. " So a big war began.
Textual research on Ju Mang after the lich robbery-Ju Mang is Odin.
In fact, Ju Mang narrowly escaped in the Lich War, only losing one eye. At the end of the war, he fled to the far west of the world with the remaining Wu clan, and became Odin, the god of creation in the west today.
There are several reasons why Ju Mang is Odin. First, Odin is regarded as the highest god of Assyria in Nordic mythology. He is also the king of death, the god of war, the god of power and the god of magic. He once ventured into the underworld alone, obtained ancient Chinese characters for mankind, and thus possessed a lot of knowledge, thus losing an eye. In Norse mythology, his image is a pike made of branches of ——ygdrasil, the tree of the world, with two crows perched on his shoulders. One is called "Haiji Hujin", which means "thinking", and the other is called "Mulin Muning", which means "memory". These two crows fly around the world every day, and then report what they have seen and heard to Odin without reservation. It is not difficult to see from here that he is the ancestral wizard Ju Mang, because there is a hibiscus tree with ten spiritual roots in Ju Mang, and the hibiscus tree is the habitat of the sun! This coincides with Odin's image introduction. As we all know, the great wizard Hou Yi shot 10 big sun, and only one real person was crushed to death by the land and escaped. There are several doubts here: first, these 10 big suns are all figures from the late Rhoda to the early quasi-saints, while Hou Yi is only a great wizard with similar personal strength. However, if Hou Yi is given one enemy and ten, it is also worth noting that the bow of shooting the sun is an artifact given to Hou Yi by the emperor, and the first ten suns are the emperor. But what is certain is that they must be the only descendants of the two demon emperors, and the bow of shooting the sun was given to Hou Yi by the emperor, one of the demon emperors, to shoot his own prince. Even if Sun was not the son of the Emperor, the Emperor used the hand of the witch clan to root out the dissidents. After Sun 9 died and fled, Hou Yi was not retaliated by another demon emperor Taiyi, but was attacked by disciple Dawu. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that no matter what reason Houyi fought against the ten suns, the ten suns did not fight the other nine with 10. I don't know what caused all the other suns to disappear in the sky, but one thing is certain, they are directly related to the next Lich War. We have said so much about the sun, but it seems that these are not enough to prove that Odin's two crows are the three-legged sun on the hibiscus tree, so let's take a look at the Lich Wars. Legend has it that in the ancient Lich Wars, Tai Yi and Di Jun, the two great emperors of the demon race, gathered together on Sunday to form a large array of stars and burned together with the array of evil spirits of the twelve ancestors and twelve gods! But is this the case? Let's take a look. First of all, when the demon emperor was unprepared, the demon master Kun Peng stole the book of Hutuluo and fled to Beiming, while the other two deputy saints of the demon family, Nu Wa and Fuxi, did not take part in the war at all. However, The six great divisions in the wheel of karma, the twelfth ancestor, and the array of twelve gods are not complete, but in terms of overall strength, they are less than the book of Hutuluo and a bunch of demon families. Therefore, it can be concluded that even in the war between the two nations, although the two witch families were weakened, the original witch of 12 was definitely not extinct. For some reason, the remaining witch families fled to the west and became the king of the gods. As we all know, Odin is an eye. It is said that one eye was injured by the giant Mimir. It can be seen here that Odin, as the king of the gods, fought a big battle and won at a heavy price, which is basically consistent with the intensity of the Lich War, and Odin is one of the few remaining ancestors of 12. Finally, the evidence that Odin was Ju Mang's ancestor was the death of Hou Yi. He died not by demons, but by one of his own. As we all know, the Wu family is unified, and Hou Yi died at the hands of his apprentice Feng Meng. It can be seen that Dawenmeng must have been instructed by a higher-level Wu clan boss to dare to do so, and the only thing that can be higher than Dawu is Zuwu. It is also worth noting that the sun is the location of Hibiscus wood, but Hibiscus wood is Ju Mang's weapon, so this is basically consistent with Odin's imagination. As for the two crows on Odin's shoulders mentioned in Norse mythology, it is estimated that there are two suns in the 10 sun besides the land pressure. They actually live on the tree of knowledge, that is, hibiscus wood, but the Nordic people are at a loss! Therefore, it can be concluded that Odin is the ancestor of Ju Mang.