The greatest pleasure of reading history is to find many troubles we have today, which were experienced by our ancestors thousands of years ago.
It is a book that can be read many times in recent years. I feel very savvy every time I watch it. First of all, the language of this book is popular and fluent. Secondly, it is very situational, and you can imagine the intensity of the debate that year. Today, all the characters in the book seem to live with us.
Sang Hongyang is one of the most important core figures. This man is really talented. It is said that he was born in a merchant family and had a "calculation" since he was a child. /kloc-entered the palace at the age of 0/3, was banned from studying, and became a member of the Central Office of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, he has been highly valued. Later, he was mainly responsible for financial work, equivalent to the finance minister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Sang Hongyang began to develop in his thirties. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fought for many years and was overjoyed. He is keen on projects, which leads to the loss of the state treasury and high debts. If taxes are raised again, I'm afraid people's resentment will boil, which is not good for the rulers. Therefore, it is suggested that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty vigorously develop state-owned enterprises. One advantage of developing state-owned enterprises is that the government can make money from them, but it is not as direct as taxing the people. Later, in the words of tax theorists, it is to pluck the most goose feathers and let the geese crow the least.
At that time, the Shandong salt merchants recommended to Liang Wudi were just big farmers. They used their own business experience and technology to manage salt and iron affairs, brought salt and iron into government and business, and increased the national fiscal revenue. At this time, Sang Hongyang was 34 years old. Liang Wudi, who is good at calculating economic problems, asked him to help Dong Zhongshu and Kong estimate and study Yin's plan. In this regard, Sang Hongyang's businessman ability and political operation experience played a role. This plan has been drafted for a year. The core content is that the state will monopolize the production of salt and iron in the future, so it must be marked with the word "state" and private operation is not allowed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty quickly approved this plan, sending Kong Xianyang and Dong Guo to salt and iron producing areas all over the country, organizing salt and iron official camps, collecting original merchants from all over the country, and arranging administrative levels.
Sang Hongyang achieved fruitful results and was further reused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but it was not enough to be nationalized in name. Those businessmen became directors of state-owned enterprises. What if they hide the output and lie about the cost? Sangyang further enriched the ranks of cadres, firmly grasped the right of appointment, and made factory directors around the country at least have scruples.
The state monopoly on salt and iron soon benefited the government. Emperor Wu naturally thought that if other industries were monopolized, wouldn't it be more profitable? The problem is that there are too many complicated industries in the market. If the government specializes in selling vegetables, shaving, sewing and entertainment, it will be difficult to find so many talents, and some things the government can't do well. Especially in the service industry, the government will have problems, and the government of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is still a little self-aware. Two thousand years later, we achieved the Great Leap Forward of socialism, which was further than that of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Everything is a public-private partnership, and the problem soon appeared.
At that time, in addition to salt and iron, the government also provided raw materials such as grain and koji to private brewers. According to the brewing requirements set by the government, private winemakers brew wine. The key is that the wine brewed by individuals can only be sold to the country at the price stipulated by the government, and cannot be brewed by individuals. In this way, the state monopolized all liquor sales. The profit of liquor monopoly must be considerable, because it, together with salt and iron, is called the "three major industries" of the country's main financial resources. In addition to the "three major industries", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty retained a considerable proportion of the private economy. How to get the money of these private entrepreneurs is a matter for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Zhang Tang, an ancient scholar and famous minister, put forward the idea of "counting money" to levy property tax, which was highly appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but was resisted by many officials and failed to be implemented. After Sang Hongyang came to power, he vigorously promoted it. Accounting means that all businessmen and businessmen must truthfully declare their property to the government and calculate the second tax; Small businessmen can cut taxes by half. Taxes are levied on those who take a carriage, one second for a carriage carrying goods, and one second for a boat over five feet. The so-called obituary is to encourage everyone to report and expose. After investigation, except that the defendant's property has been completely confiscated and the defense has been completed for one year, the informant can get half of the reward for confiscation of property. Through this cruel means, when private enterprises went bankrupt, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty made a fortune and the military expenditure also increased greatly.
All this quickly led to the intensification of domestic contradictions. In his later years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty realized that this would cause problems, so he promulgated the theory of salt and iron and announced that he would die with the people in the future. After that, Sang Hongyang fell out of favor. After the death of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Huo Guang was in charge. Although Sang Hongyang was also appointed as the minister of Gu Ming, it has lost its momentum. Seeing that he was still so arrogant, Huo Guang called some virtuous documents to argue with him about policy. The so-called "morality" and "literature" are equivalent to some famous columnists in today's society. In fact, Huo Guang tends to take some state-owned economies into account, which is in line with the interests of the government, but the main purpose of this debate is to destroy the prestige of Sang Hongyang. It can be said that in this debate, Sang Hongyang tried his best to defend the dominant position of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, especially the state-owned economy. Premier Tian was the host of the meeting, but he didn't say much. He just said some words of compromise and mediation when the two sides were arguing fiercely. Sang Hongyang himself said 1 14 times. Also attending the meeting were the official history of the Prime Minister and the official suggestions of ancient scholars. As Tian and Sang Hongyang's assistants, they attended the meeting and made more than a dozen speeches, mostly beating around the bush. Huo Guang did not attend the Salt and Iron Conference directly, but he obviously had a tendency to correct the radical line in the early days of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Sang Hongyang has been very passive in this argument.
Among them, monopoly iron has been criticized the most, and the main accusations are similar to our feelings about state-owned enterprises today:
1. The poor quality of products is due to the lack of responsibility of "pawning" and its frequent failure to operate according to regulations.
These products are "big tools" and are not designed to meet the needs of the private market.
You can't choose good or bad, and often you can't buy it. Salespeople often can't find it.
The price is too high for the poor to afford, so they have to "plough by hand".
Once the official railway runs slowly, it is necessary to force delivery and farmers to buy it. Usually make mistakes and ask farmers to serve them voluntarily.
Sang Hongyang has been working hard for a goal all his life to make the emperor have more money. His IQ is used to think about what the emperor thinks and worry about what the emperor wants. Even if the emperor dies, we should continue to implement the line, principles and policies of that year.
In the second year after the salt affairs meeting, that is, in September of the first year of Yuanfeng, Zhao Di, there was a struggle between Rebecca and Amy.