Among Taoist gods, several appeared earlier than Sanqing God, and their ranks were higher. The three officials of heaven, earth and water are one of them, and they are the earliest deities worshipped by Taoism, also known as "three official emperors", "three official emperors" and "three official emperors".
The belief in "Three Officials" originated from the natural worship of heaven, earth and water by ancient Han ancestors in China. In primitive society, heaven, earth and water are the necessary conditions for people's production and life. Without them, human beings can't survive and live, so people often worship with awe. For example, the Book of Rites: "Sacrifice to heaven is to burn firewood, sacrifice to mountains and rivers is to ascend, sacrifice to Sichuan is to sink, and sacrifice to soil is to bury." Its firewood note is: "Ascending, sinking and burning", which is the son of heaven. In the ceremony of the alliance between the Bank of China and the vassals, Fu Jian of Di Chin and Yao Chang of the Qiang nationality believed in the "three officials". When Wang Yimou-xun of Nanzhao in the Tang Dynasty formed an alliance with the Tang envoys, "alliance literature" began to "invite the gods of heaven, earth, water, five mountains and four shores, and view the Sichuan Valley", which always proved that the eunuch consorts were authoritarian in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the ruling and opposition parties were dark. At first, it mainly used Taoism to pray for ghosts and gods, and treated people with water, so it was called Zuo Fu School of Taoism, and because Taoism honored Zhang Ling as Shi Tian, it was later called "Stone Heaven". On the one hand, Wudou Midao respected Laozi as his ancestor and taught Laozi the Tao Te Ching by offering wine. On the other hand, heaven, earth and water are three officials. I believe we can communicate with ghosts and gods and ask patients to pray. The method of prayer is mainly found in the Canon book quoted in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms Zhang Lu: "Write the patient's name, convince the meaning of sin, and do three links, one is going to heaven and the other is going to the grave; One of them sank into the water, which is called Sanguan calligraphy. "I think that the three functions can benefit the people, forgive sins, and slow down the country, that is, God bless the people, the local officials, and the water officials. Later, Luo Guanzhong introduced the satrap Zhang Lushi in Article 59 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and described in detail his ancestor Zhang Ling's admiration for the three officials. Since then, this belief has prevailed until the Tang Dynasty. 1982 In May, a golden bamboo slip was found at the top of Songshan Mountain in Henan Province. The purpose of the inner cellar is to beg for the "three officials and nine hospitals" and pray for the salvation of Wu Zetian. This is the proof of one of them, "Please pray" on the mountain. In addition, there is another saying that the three officials are gold, earth and water officials. Volume 46 of Ancient and Modern Book Collection Classic quotes Plum Blossom Collection and says: "Gold depends on life, atmosphere, soil, atmosphere, hydration and moisture. ..... So three officials also. "If concrete, is to guard the tianmen general tang, ge, zhou. According to "Casting Ding Yu Wen", these three officials are all remonstrators of Zhou Youwang, and they are collectively called the Three Generals of Tianmen. After death, they are all gods, and there are many temples everywhere. He also said that the three fairs refer to Yao, Shun and Yu. " "The Immortals in the Past Dynasties Look in the Mirror" says: "After flying to the extreme of emptiness, take nine qi in front of the Yang, nine points in the Yang, seven qi, more points in the Yang, five qi in the morning, and always absorb the triple energizer. During the "99" period, I felt integrated into a spiritual body. Just like the thunder of the moon in spring, the baby spits it out of his mouth and shines brightly. Look at the sun in autumn and January, look at the night in winter and January, and spit out two sons. "These three sons are Yao, Shun and Yu", all of which are the great achievements of heaven and earth, and are the laws of emperors throughout the ages. "Later, Yao, Shun and Yu who were transformed by the Buddha's Qi in the early Yuan Dynasty were called' san huang'. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Kou Qianzhi reformed Shi Tiandao, eliminated the "three false laws" and merged the three things into one. "Ancient and Modern Books Integration Nerve" Volume 46 introduces plum blossom set: "The main source of weather, atmosphere and water vapor is used in the three realms. And wait at three o'clock in the next month. ..... Three yuan is just three to the palace, so it is called three. "So, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is Shangyuan, the fifteenth day of July is Zhongyuan, and the fifteenth day of October is Xia Yuan." The old gentleman said that Xuantian Shengzhen Wu is a wonderful sutra. Volume I Karma Sutra: "On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lord of the Yuan Dynasty blessed the celestial official Wei Zidi, so he went to the next life and was convicted by the school. On July 15th, Emperor Qing Xu, an official of the Central Yuan Palace who had been pardoned for seven years, died on the same day, and the school was charged with keeping precepts. 10 15, the palace master of the yuan dynasty learned the lesson of fusang the great, a water conservancy official in Hubei province, and went down to earth every day to abstain from sin and be blessed. " At the same time, He Lu also said that "life, death and suffering are self-evident". Combined with the four notes of Sanqing Realm, Excellent Classics of Infinite People in Yuan Dynasty, Volume II, Three Commandments: "In Shang Dynasty, the heavenly officials moved to the realm of Jade Qing, and three spirits of blue, yellow and white were placed in the three palaces of Yuan Dynasty, among which the palace was named the Seven Treasures and Purple Emblem Palace of Yuanyang, and the general manager was really natural and weak, and the emperor was a holy god. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the Second-grade officials were transferred to the Qing Dynasty, which was a mixture of Yuan Dong spirit and Huang Zhiqing spirit. Among them, the palace is called Qingling Palace, which is actually the way for people who are in charge of the five emperors and five mountains and cherish the immortals. In the next Yuan Dynasty, the three-product water official was transferred too clearly, and Chen Haozhi was condensed with the spirit of scenery and light. Among them, the name of the palace was promoted to the Common Cave Spring Palace, Tsinghua Square Palace, the chief water emperor was promoted to the Valley God King, the Hebo immortal of Jiujiang Shuifu, and the immortal in the water. "It also combines the vitality theory of Taoism. "Yun Qi Qixi" Volume 56: "After the husband and the stick are separated, there is a three-dimensional atmosphere of heaven, earth and water, which generates human relations and maintains everything.
Sanguan's birthday is Sanyuan Festival, so since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Sanyuan Festival has been a celebration of Taoism. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty banned slaughter for three days in every state in the world, "so that the people would not kill fishing and hunting every day". Because Tianguan was named after blessing the emperor, the Han people regarded it as a "blessing god", alongside the gods of Lu and Shouer. As for the official scope of the three officials, it has been shrinking since the establishment of the Three Emperors and Four Emperors in Song and Ming Dynasties. It is generally believed that it is in charge of people's fate, the relocation of gods and the reincarnation of life and death, but the folk beliefs of the Han nationality are still very common. Since the Ming Dynasty, there have been many temples, halls, temples, etc. Every Three-Yuan Festival, people go to the temple to worship the three officials, repent their sins and pray for disaster relief. At that time, people who believed in Sanguan banned vegetarianism, which was called "Sanguan vegetarianism". In the Qing Dynasty, the belief in "three officials" became more common, and God bless the people with various New Year pictures and figure paintings. The celestial official in the painting is wearing a red official uniform, a dragon robe and a jade belt. With wishful thinking, bearded, kind-hearted face pit, a luxurious temperament. In some photos, Tiangong was kindly carrying five boys, each with a peach blossom, pomegranate, bergamot, spring plum and a carp lamp. In the past, Han people posted this kind of New Year pictures every Spring Festival, in order to let the gods in heaven bless people to live longer. Sometimes Tianguan is regarded as the god of wealth. In the middle of the picture, Tianguan sits on an ingot with wishful thinking in his hand. Above it are Jinshan, Yinshan, flowers, Yunlong and a big "blessing". Below it is a cornucopia and a boy holding the flag of "making money every day". Yong Erxian, Jixiang Xianguan and Lishi Xian Guan stood on both sides. This painting is full of blessings and wealth, expressing people's desire for God to bless the people and wealth of the God of Wealth. In modern times, Tianguan, Yuanwai Mulang (Guanlu) and Antarctic Xianweng are also called Fushou Samsung. In the New Year in old China, pictures of three stars were often hung in the hall, symbolizing "three stars at home" and showing happiness, longevity and happiness. It reflects people's common psychology of pursuing happiness. Nowadays, the image of "Samsung" and "Samsung" handicrafts have entered thousands of households and become popular decorations. At present, in temples in Taiwan Province Province, the three officials and big departments are generally called the Three Realms, and it is said that many people worship them.