The earliest literary inquisition: Guan Longfeng case made in Xia Jie
Jie, the last emperor of Xia Dynasty, was a bad king and tyrant. History says: "The solution is a wine pool, which can transport boats. The rotten mountain is enough to see ten miles and drink three thousand cows. Guan Longfeng remonstrated, saying, "A gentleman can live a long life only by courtesy, loving the people and saving money. If you are rich today, if you kill someone, you will be afraid of winning. Arrogance, the sky falls, and punishment comes. You can change it. "Standing not to go to North Korea. Kill the prisoner.
The "unwarranted" literary inquisition: Yan Yi died of vanity
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the national treasury was empty because of years of fighting against Xiongnu. In order to raise money, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued a fur coin (made of white deer skin from Shanglinyuan, a royal garden) with a legal face value of 400,000 yuan. At that time, the sapphire presented by the royal family was worth thousands. After the release of the brave warrior, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked Yan Yi for advice from the farmers. Yan Yi thought that this leather coin was divorced from its actual value and objected. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty bears a grudge for this. Just as someone accused Yan Yi of having ulterior motives, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhang Tang to accept the case, and Zhang Tang was originally a person who had a personal grudge against Yan Yi. He obeyed the will of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was bent on killing Yan Yi. According to the investigation, Yan Yi had talked with the guests, and it was inconvenient for them to talk about the court decrees. Yan Yi "moved his lips slightly", that is, his lips moved slightly. (Wang Xianqian's Supplement to Hanshu said: "Yan Yi did not dare to answer when he heard Hakka, so he quickly restrained himself and smiled and licked his lips and ears. ) On this basis, Zhang Tang said that Yan Yi was listed as a minister with the Nine Grades, but he "lamented" privately (slandered in his heart) because he saw that the decree was inconvenient and did not report it to the court, so he was sentenced to death. I really want to feel guilty, so I have nothing to say! Even what you think in your stomach has become a kind of criminal evidence. Who knows what you are thinking? )
The most cruel and absurd maker of the literary inquisition: Zhu Yuanzhang
This man is an extremely abnormal figure, as can be seen from his portrait. This person's appearance is called "five yuan in the sky" in the photo album. "Five yuan in the sky" is actually "five senses in the sky". It means that his eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and ears are all exposed in the sky, which is really a terrible look. But the photo album also says that this "five yuan in the sky" has the best appearance and is destined to be the emperor. I doubt it very much.
Because of poor family circumstances, both parents and eldest brother died young. This man worked for others, worked as a tramp, worked as a thief, and later became a monk. After the monk temple was burned by the rebels, he went to war with the rebels and finally became emperor.
Because of his bad looks, poor background and insufficient academic qualifications, Mr. Zhu has a deep sense of inferiority and is particularly sensitive to what others say.
The curse of the inscription: In the early Ming Dynasty, officials at all levels wrote inscriptions to congratulate on Zheng Dan (the first year), winter solstice, birthday (the emperor's birthday) and other celebrations. These forms and notes are basically written by the government for punishment and correction (equivalent to the current secretary-general and chief of staff) out of duty. They are red tape, and they are used to walk around. Who knows that teacher Zhu is very concerned about this and always looks at these articles with different eyes. As a result, because he didn't read much, he didn't understand the pronunciation, meaning, literary context and the use of classical Chinese, so all the serious articles were read by Teacher Zhu.
Please look at the glorious deeds of Mr. Zhu Yuanzhang:
Lin, the instructor of Beiping official school, wrote a passage in "Celebrating Winter Table", which greatly flattered him. He said that Mr. Zhu is not only himself, but also his descendants are models and role models for mankind. Although he knew that Mr. Zhu regarded "Zhi" as a "thief", he was still killed.
Xu Yikui, a professor at Fu Xue in Hangzhou, made a congratulatory table, which said, "Under the sky, natural saints rule the world." This flattery is even louder. But when Mr. Zhu saw it, he shaved his head as a monk, called "Saint" a monk and "Ze" a thief. So, he was killed.
Chen Zhou instructed Zhou Mian to write a "life table", which contained the phrase "life for thousands of years". This is really a beautiful word. But Mr. Zhu read it, labeled the attachment of "Shou" as "beast" and added the word "domain", misreading "domain" as "or", and "or" is homophonic with "disaster", so he was killed.
The Academic Affairs Office instructed Wu Xian to write "Mrs. Sun's Table", which contained a sentence "There is a way in the world", which was attached by Mr. Zhu as "There is a way in the world" and was therefore killed.
Examples are numerous. Mr. Zhu killed all the way down and killed all the literati in the world. He shouted, "Please give us a rule to be slaves." Wise and compassionate Mr. Zhu was finally moved by compassion and ordered Liu Sanwu, a bachelor of Hanlin, to write an article praising gratitude. From then on, the "secretaries-general" only need to copy such articles. I can finally live. It can be seen from this example that it is not easy to be a stable slave, but it is obtained through the bloody sacrifices of countless slave ancestors.
The most tragic victim of the literary inquisition: Mr. Fang Xiaoru
Mr Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Sheng gave birth to a son named Judy of Ming Sheng, who was the first person to be made a prince. Later, seeing that his nephew, Emperor Wen Jian, was weak and deceitful, he rose up and rebelled. Finally, he forced the death of Emperor Wen Jian and became emperor himself.
When Mr. Judy became emperor, he felt that he should find one of the most famous scholars in the world to write an imperial edict. At that time, the most famous scholar in the world was Mr. Fang Xiaoru. So Judy called Mr. Fang. Forced him to write, Mr. Fang thought he was the emperor and refused to write. Judy was angry and asked, "Are you going to write or not? Aren't you afraid that I will kill your nine families? " I didn't know Fang Xiaoru was an extremely stubborn person. He said, "I won't write if you kill ten of my family." Judy was furious and really ordered the destruction of these ten families.
As we all know, the rulers of China are bloodthirsty, but at most, they will destroy the nine clansmen. Fang Xiaoru was the first person to be wiped out by the top ten clansmen, and his students were also killed as clansmen, which was really pitiful. A total of 847 people were killed in this killing.
When Yan Jun went south, his teacher and main adviser Yao told him not to kill Fang Xiaoru before he left. He said, "When you become emperor, you should try to get Fang Xiaoru to serve you. However, Fang Xiaoru will not obey you. At this time, you must not kill him. Because you killed Fang Xiaoru, the' reading seeds' in the world will be extinct. " At that time, Judy agreed. Unfortunately, the tyrant is a tyrant after all, and Fang Xiaoru was finally destroyed by ten schools. What a cruel trick. I still feel creepy after reading it.
Emperor who is most keen on creating a literary inquisition: Qianlong
During the Qianlong period, the total number of cases in the literary prison exceeded 140 times, and some even said crazy things.
During the Qianlong period, six people were executed for saying crazy things. For example, Liu Sanyuan's case. Liu Sanyuan has always been crazy, claiming to dream that "Shinto told me that I was a descendant of the Han Dynasty and wanted the support of all officials in the world" and wrote these words down.
Later, it reached the ears of Qianlong, and Qianlong immediately ordered Liu Sanyuan to be executed by the governor in that year, regardless of whether he was crazy or not. What's more, Gan Long is keen on banning all kinds of books, explicitly ordering the whole country to investigate and deal with illegal books, and linking the search for books with official achievements. After a ban of 19 years, Gan Long finally succeeded in destroying hundreds of thousands of books. By the late Qianlong period, the literary inquisition was almost completed, and all the books were found out. In the end, it successfully silenced 400 million people across the country and really reached the height of "ten thousand horses are United".