What is more striking is that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its own bureaucratic system here.
Tianguifu Hong, the son of Hong Tianwang, was only two years old. He was named "Young Master" and called "Long live". Later, all sons were called "Your Highness Chitose" and all daughters were called "Jin". Senior generals in the army are called "adults"; The two Sima families, from middle-level officers to soldiers, are called "good people"; His children, male named "son" and "general", female named "jade" and "snow"; Female generals are called "virgins". Wives of leaders at all levels are called "boudoir", which can be divided into "boudoir", "boudoir", "boudoir" and "boudoir" according to the specific appellation of husbands.
Hong Xiuquan is a "heavenly king" and is called "Long live"; Yang is the "East King" and is called "Nine Thousand Years Old" (yes, he is the same age as Wei Zhongxian, a famous eunuch in the Ming Dynasty); Xiao Chaogui is the "Queen Mother of the West", known as "eight thousand years old"; Feng Yunshan is the "southern king" and is called "seven thousand years old"; Wei Changhui is the "Northern King" and is called "Six Thousand Years Old". Shi Dakai is the "king of wings" and is called "five thousand years old". The king of Edom controls the kings, and everyone else is called a strategist or prime minister. In order to avoid the taboo of "night sparks" of foreign gods, all kings can't be called "Wang Ye", and Hong Xiuquan himself sets an example by not calling himself "emperor", "saint" and "merchant", but only "Lord".
From these strict hierarchies, we can see that there are many men in the world, all of whom are brothers; The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, where there are many women and children in the world, is not as "flat" as expected.
The military system of Taiping Army was designed by Feng Yunshan, an intellectual, with five people as "martial arts" and five as commanders. Five "Wu" have two Sima; Sima's four divisions are under the jurisdiction of a commander ... in turn, they are five or five decimal places, and then the brigade commander, Shi Shuai and the army commander rise. One army governs five divisions, and theoretically there are 13 155 people. However, Yang and Xiao Chaogui, two country bumpkins who don't know much about pen and ink, don't think this military system is practical, and Feng Yunshan is purely pedantic.
Taiping Army didn't stand in Yongan. Although they had the strength of more than 20,000 people at this time, the Qing army came quickly, and by the end of 185 1, 46,000 people had gathered. 1February 10, Ulantai, the deputy commander of the Qing army, who claimed to dare to fight, stormed the key water-fighting village in Yongzhou's peripheral defense line. At that time, Xiao Chaogui, who had not been named King of the West, was seriously injured, the village fell, and the whole line of defense fell into a passive position. Two days later, Xiao Chaogui, who was seriously injured, was named "eight thousand years old". A week later, Hong Xiuquan wrote a letter to the title of "Five Kings", and then Xiao Chaogui became the "Western King". Because of this serious injury, Yang and Xiao Chaogui, who were originally evenly matched, separated from each other, forming a situation in which Yang was the only one and controlled the kings as the king of Edom.
From the night of April 5 to the dawn of the next day, the Taiping Army broke through the southeast of Yong 'an, where the Qing army's defense was weak. The Qing army pursued Zhongfu, and Wulantai was killed by a medium gun. Four other company commanders were killed and suffered heavy losses.
After the breakthrough of Yong 'an, the Taiping Army went north to Guilin, the provincial capital. Luo outline, who was born as a pirate, was a rare and experienced general in the early days of Taiping Army. He sent hundreds of people to put on the uniforms of the Qing army and pretended to be Xiang Rong's army in an attempt to infiltrate Guilin and seize it. Coincidentally, Xiang Rong himself had just led an army into the city when his plan was discovered, and the surprise attack on Guilin became a tough battle.
The Taiping Army besieged Guilin City for thirty-three days, and when it was difficult to conquer the city, it turned around and planned to cross the Lingqu and enter the Xiangjiang River system from the Lijiang River system. This road was opened by Qin Shihuang during his two thousand-year southern tour. This was the road when Huang Chao went north to conquer the world in the Tang Dynasty. But at the moment, Hong Xiuquan followed in Huang Chao's footsteps and embarked on this point of no return. "The mountains and rivers are beautiful, and countless heroes compete." No wonder later generations are filled with emotion.
At the foot of Quanzhou, the northernmost city in Guangxi, the Taiping Army suffered an extremely accidental and far-reaching loss. On May 24th, the vanguard troops of Taiping Army arrived at the gates of Quanzhou. Seeing that the city is solid, they are going to bypass it. However, the Qing army in Quanzhou Chengtou made trouble. A gunner saw a beautifully decorated sedan chair in the other team's marching sequence, and his heart itched, so he aimed at it and fired a shot. This shot was surprisingly accurate. The sedan chair was destroyed and the people inside rolled out as if they were seriously injured. Next, the Taiping rebels, who were circling the city, withdrew their troops and began to storm Quanzhou violently. In view of the fiasco of Yong 'an at the gates, the Qing army following the Taiping Army did not dare to March. Even the Quanzhou magistrate wrote a bloody book for help, and no one paid attention. On June 2, the whole city was destroyed, and the Taiping army slaughtered the city for two days, only a few people escaped.
This sedan chair bearer is Feng Yunshan, a close friend of the King of Heaven and the founding father of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He recruited most of the officers above the intermediate level in this army. How could such a character shoot him?
The battle of Quanzhou hindered the rapid progress of Taiping Army. In order to get rid of their pursuers, they continued on their way without rest. Due to fatigue and carelessness, they didn't send a reconnaissance team to the front.
On June 5th, the Taiping Army continued to March along the waterway to Hunan, and arrived at Suoyidu, only ten miles north of Quanzhou, where it was attacked by Jiang Zhongyuan, the alternate magistrate of the Qing Dynasty.
Today, everyone knows Zeng Guofan, but few people still remember this Jiang Zhongyuan-he died young and was destined to become a meteor in the vast history.
Jiang Zhongyuan, a native of Xinning, Hunan, is two years older than Hong Xiuquan. In his early years, he was a total scoundrel. He visited Zeng Guofan, a fellow countryman in Beijing. Lao Zeng asked the porter to tell Mr. Jiang honestly and rudely: "My master respects guests and is a rogue scholar in Xinning. He has been drinking all his life, and his master is too busy to travel with others. " The so-called "pheasant drinkers" also gamble-translated into vernacular, "my grandfather doesn't want to see a guy like you who can only gamble and play hooligans." Mr. Jiang was furious, and it happened. However, "Is there anyone in the world who refuses to repair evil for Zeng Guofan?" The porter came back. He was surprised and was welcomed in with great respect. Mr. Jiang is a hero, talking and laughing, shaking the roof tiles and landing the tea lamp between his eyebrows. Afterwards, Zeng Guofan commented that "I have never seen such a person in my life" and concluded that "although this person is famous all over the world, he should die suddenly."
However, what Mr. Jiang did was even more irritating. Zou, Shaanxi, and Deng, who went to Beijing with Teacher Jiang to take the exam, both suffered from lung disease and vomited blood at the same time, so they were too poor to afford a servant. Thanks to Mr. Jiang himself, "It took several months to measure water and weigh medicine." Zou struggled for months and finally died. Mr. Jiang held a funeral for Zou, who had never met before, and sent someone to escort the coffin back to Shaanxi. He personally escorted Teacher Deng and wanted to go back to his hometown in Hunan. But on the way, Teacher Deng also passed away, and Jiang Zhongyuan returned to his hometown with a big coffin. That's not all. A few years later, another fellow countryman, Zeng Chuntian, died in Beijing, and he was escorted back to his hometown in Hunan. At that time, the traffic was not as developed as it is now. I have walked thousands of miles for half a year, not to mention carrying such a big coffin! What's more, our capital is full of nosy people, a native of Hunan, who will care about these poor people who died in a foreign land? Only this Jiang Zhongyuan is willing to stand up, so "when it is true, the voice of justice shakes the capital". At that time, someone wrote a doggerel saying, "Send a coffin for Jiang Minqiao, because he wrote an elegiac couplet." The former refers to Jiang Zhongyuan, and the latter refers to Zeng Guofan-but Mr. Sha Tou is famous for writing elegiac couplets to the living.
In the twenty-eighth year of Daoguang, Jiang Zhongyuan set up an army in his hometown of Xinning, Yingyong, and moved to xiushui county, Zhejiang Province to help suppress the local Yao uprising. Before the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he happened to be exiled because of his father's death, so he recruited hundreds of soldiers on the spot, known as "Chu Yong" in history, and entered Guangxi to help suppress the Taiping Army, which was affiliated to the Wulantai Department. This is the beginning of the upgrading of Hunan local militia to regular army.
Suoyidu is located at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi, with mountainous terrain. The Xiangjiang River turns sharply east here, and there are floodplains protruding from the west bank. The riverbed of the ferry is very narrow, only 100 meters wide, and the water is shallow and urgent. Because the Taiping Army was delayed in Quanzhou for ten days, Jiang Zhongyuan was able to arrive first, and had enough time to set a trap.
Jiang Zhongyuan army cut down bamboo and wood, piled them into stakes to block the river, and fixed these stakes firmly with big nails, making it impossible for ships to pass. Then, he ambushed his troops in the jungle of Hexi, waiting for the Taiping Army to appear.
On June 5th, almost as soon as the rear team of Taiping Army left Quanzhou, the striker arrived at Suoyidu. The first fleet sailed through the shallows, then turned the meander and ran head-on into the Jiang Zhongyuan stake attacked by the Qing army. Because the current is too fast, the team behind can't stop the ship, and they hit the warship in front one after another, and the large and small ships are crowded together and in a mess. Fortunately, Jiang Zhongyuan's strength was not strong, and the main force of Taiping Army was able to abandon the ship and break through to the east bank of Xiangjiang River. Even so, the losses are considerable, with about10,000 people killed and more than 300 ships burned or captured. Feng Yunshan, the seriously injured king of South China, died in this attack because of his aggravated injuries. His death laid a hidden danger for the future of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The battle of Ku Du Yi shows that the biggest enemy on the Taiping Army's way forward is no longer the regular army of the Qing Dynasty, but the leader in the rapidly rising local group training.
The Taiping Army, which suffered heavy losses, entered Hunan by land from the east bank of Xiangjiang River, conquered Yongzhou, and conquered Daozhou on June 12, and rested here for one and a half months before it was able to rally.
On September 12, Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West, and Li led the vanguard troops to Changsha, an important town in northern Hunan, and immediately began to attack the city. However, six days later, on September 17, when he was commanding the siege, he was found by snipers above the city and was killed. 10 At the beginning of October, Hong Xiuquan personally led the whole army to the gates of Changsha, but at this time, the Qing army guarding the city also increased to 40,000 to 50,000, and it was well-armed.
Defending Changsha is Hunan Governor Luo, who has been dismissed for "dereliction of duty". He was a native of Huaxian County, Hong Xiuquan's hometown, and was a scholar in 1832. He was the first candidate in Guangdong at that time. Many years ago, due to the poor worship of Cezanne, an imperial envoy passing by, he was dismissed on the charge of "lax management". Before I could leave, I was besieged by Taiping rebels and had to stay as the commander of the Yugoslav capital. After Zhang, the new governor of Changsha, took office, Luo, the former governor of Changsha, abdicated as the "Changsha Defense Minister". This fierce offensive and defensive war in Changsha fully proves that Luo's so-called "dereliction of duty" accusation seems to be groundless.
After the Taiping Army entered Hunan, it recruited a large number of miners, mastered new tactics and began to try to attack the city by blasting. The Taiping Army bombed the city wall three times, but failed to conquer it because of the good defense in the city. This offensive and defensive war lasted 8 1 day and ended with the withdrawal of Taiping Army to the north.
After Changsha cleared the scene, Zhang organized a group training in Hunan, and invited an old juren who had never been admitted to Jinshi to help. Mr. Juren is smart and capable, but he has a bad temper. Fortunately, the world was in chaos at that time, and politicians used talents, but they didn't care much about his bad temper. Shortly after Zhang was promoted to the position of satrap, Luo returned to Hunan, relied more on this juren and asked him for instructions. He even brazenly said, "Ask Mr. Gao Ji." Therefore, some people say that there are "two governors" in Hunan. Later, because of his bad temper, Mr. Juren called a company commander who was inferior to others "an asshole" in public, and they fell out-Juren accused the company commander of corruption, and the company commander accused the company commander of bad behavior, and both of them played out the lawsuit. In the end, Juren's background became tougher. As a result of the court's handling, the company commander was relieved of supervision and Mr. Juren resigned to find another job. For the rest of his life, Mr. Ying General trained his son to be a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. After losing his job, Mr. Juren joined the army, led the army to Zhejiang, aided Gansu and Shaanxi, and finally recovered Xinjiang from outsiders, planting willows for three thousand miles, which attracted a spring breeze.
The famous comment that "a country can't live without Hunan, and Hunan can't live without Tang Zong for a day" was bought by a buddy of Juren for 3,200 silver. After reading this, I will take a look at such a big place in Xinjiang. Tell me, is this money well spent?