Brief introduction to the battle of Ningyuan
The battle of Ningyuan was in the first month of 1626 (six years in the Ming Dynasty and eleven years later). Later Jin fought the Ming Dynasty in Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province). The Ming Dynasty called it "Ningyuan Victory".
The Ming army won the battle, and then the Jin army lost. This is also the first time that the Ming army defeated the Jin army.
Detailed explanation of the battle of Ningyuan
A, Ming army preparation
Nurhachi took advantage of the advantages of easy command and hasty retreat of the Ming army in Liaodong. About 60,000 people (so-called130,000) of the pro-unification Eight Banners Army left Shenyang on 1626 (six years tomorrow, eleven years later) and crossed the Liaohe River on the 17th, matching Ningyuan. At this time, there were less than 20,000 defenders in Ningyuan, a lonely city, with strong enemies before and no reinforcements after, and the situation was sinister.
Yuan Chonghuan, unafraid in a crisis, called people to discuss the war and defend it to the death. He decided to adopt the strategy of clearing the field with strong walls and organize the whole city's military and civilians to jointly defend the city. He wrote a book in front of all the soldiers and vowed to live and die with Ningyuan, which made the soldiers and the people feel excited. Yuan Chonghuan took company commanders Man Gui, Zuo Fu, Zu Dashou and Zhu Mei to guard the east, west, south and north of the city, together with Man Gui.
1 1 A western cannon is deployed in the city. The east, north, west and south are under the command of Peng Maogu and Li Luo respectively. The merchants in the city were mobilized to enter the city, and the houses outside the city were burned and straw piled up, exposing the late Jin army to the cold.
Yuan Chonghuan also made good use of spies to deal with Nurhachi. He personally supervised Cheng to inspect spies, sent people to patrol the intersections of streets and lanes, and mobilized street people to cooperate with soldiers to search houses. Ordered the appointment of Jin Qichen as a civilian worker to provide food for soldiers guarding the city.
Officials were also sent to lead businessmen in the city to organize materials and deliver arrows and gunpowder. The soldiers and civilians also poured water on the outside of the city wall as ice to prevent 8 Jin Army from entering the city. On the 22nd of the first month, all defenses were ready, which stabilized the morale of the soldiers and civilians.
Second, the besieged city of Houjin
On the 23rd day of the first month, after Jin Jun arrived in Ningyuan, he crossed the Shanhai Avenue five miles away from the city and camped, cutting off the connection between Ningyuan and Shanhaiguan, and camped in the north of the city. Nuerhachi sent captured Han Chinese into the city to persuade them to surrender, but they were sternly rejected. Yuan Chonghuan ordered Li Luo and others to fire western cannons at Houjin Barracks in the north of the city. The late Jin army suffered heavy casualties and was forced to move westward to camp.
On the morning of January 24th, Nurhachi launched a siege. After that, 8 jin j pushed the chariot, carried the hook ladder, and rode in droves to attack the southwest corner of the city. The arrows in the city are like rain, and the signs are like hedgehogs. Yuan Chonghuan ordered the western shelling, and after killing 8 jin j. ..
Zuo Fu led the soldiers and civilians to rely on the strong city and fight to the death; Zu Dashou led the army to help, and the gun just opened, and the pot and LeiShi were thrown together. After that, 8 jin j suffered heavy casualties.
Nurhachi ordered troops to attack south, and under the cover of a rafter, a two-foot square hole was dug in the weak defense between the two episodes at the corner of the city gate, and Ningyuan City was in danger.
In an emergency, Yuan Chonghuan personally moved earth and stones, blocked the gap, and his shirt was dyed red with blood, and he remained as cool as a cucumber. He led the soldiers and civilians to bind firewood and add gunpowder, and hung them at the gate with chains to burn them.
Fifty Ding Jianren were also selected to burn all the golden carts near the city gate with cotton powder and other things. Fighting late into the night, 8 jin j siege is not broken, they retreated.
Third, defeat the 8 Jin Army.
On the 25th of the first month, Nurhachi continued to command the siege, and the two sides fought fiercely all day. The Ming army fired into the city, killing a large number of late Jin cavalry.
Afraid of gunfire, the Jin army dared not go near the city. His generals drove troops with knives, only returned to the city gate, robbed the bodies and transported them to the brick kiln outside the west gate of the city for incineration. Nuerhachi was helpless and ordered to retreat to Kowloon Palace, five miles away from the city.
On the 26th day of the first month, the Eight Banners who are good at riding and shooting continued to attack the city. However, they were blocked in front of the deep ditch and high base, and it was difficult to give full play to their riding skills under fire. They suffered heavy casualties and were forced to retreat.
Fourth, the campaign follow-up
Nurhachi could not attack Ningyuan (now Xingcheng) and raided Juehua Island. It was the middle of winter and the sea was frozen, so there was no danger to prevent it. Ming General Yao Fumin and other officers and men dug up an ice city as long as 15.
On the 26th of the first month, Unnag attacked Juehua Island with cavalry. Because the Ming army "had no armor, no weapons, no sailors, could not stand the war and was outnumbered", all the soldiers died in the end, and the army of nomads from the army burned down the city and hoarded food.
At that time, the garrison commander Jin Guan had just died, and his son and 800 people went to Juehua Island to meet the coffin. They also fought against the post-Jin Army and were all killed.
More than 0/4000 soldiers and civilians on the island/KLOC-were killed by the army of the late Jin Dynasty, with more than 80,000 stones of grain and grass and more than 2,000 ships. The logistics base outside Ming Dynasty was also destroyed by the army of the late Jin Dynasty.
At this point, Mao sent troops to attack Yongning, the rear area of the Jin Dynasty, and Nurhachi led the troops back to Shenyang on February 9.
After the defeat in this campaign, Nurhachi was depressed and died on August 11th in 1626 (six years tomorrow, eleven years later).
The result of verb (verb's abbreviation) movement.
In this war, Yuan Chonghuan organized the military and civilians to clear the field, and Qi Xin worked together to eradicate the spies. The artillery attack killed or injured 17000 people in the army of the late Jin Dynasty, and defeated Nurhachi's attempt to seize western Liaoning and Shanhaiguan, which was a great victory against the army of the late Jin Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. So that the Ming army soldiers and civilians re-established the confidence of the defeated 8 Jin Army.
Historical evaluation of intransitive verbs
On the whole, in terms of tactics, the historical conclusion is that Nurhachi defeated Ningyuan. The battle of Ningyuan between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty ended in the victory of the Ming Dynasty and the failure of the late Jin Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, "Ningyuan was besieged, and the whole country was furious". The news of Ningyuan's victory was endless, and the capital was normal, and the empty lanes congratulated each other.
The victory of Ningyuan was the first victory since the fall of Fushun in Ming Dynasty. Wang Yongguang, the minister of the Ministry of War, praised Yuan Chonghuan's achievements to the emperor, saying, "The Liao left launched a massive attack, and the city was in chaos. In the past eight years, thieves began to fall "is a great victory;" It is also a great victory of "1989 to stop the invasion of hundreds of thousands of troops and shake the accumulation". Tomorrow, the emperor will announce: "This has never happened in the past seven or eight years, and it is so deep that the court can't breathe!" .
Contrary to the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi originally proposed to take Shanhaiguan from Ningyuan City, only to be defeated by Yuan Chonghuan.
At that time, Yuan Chonghuan was 43 years old and he experienced the war for the first time; Nurhachi is 68 years old and covered in injuries. Nurhachi suffered the worst failure in Ningyuan in 44 years.
In the battle of Ningyuan, the Ming army won a great victory. Wang Yongguang, the minister of the Ministry of War, praised Yuan Chonghuan's achievements to the emperor, saying: When Liao attacked from the left, all the cities fled. Gaiyuan Chen Dao Yuan Chonghuan's usual kindness is awesome! Otherwise He Ningyuan didn't make a dash for the door of traitors and spies should be inside? This official is smart and brave, so his position should be superior and all foreign affairs should be entrusted to him.
Who was the main general of the Ming Dynasty in the Battle of Ningyuan?
Yuan Chonghuan (1584—1630), a morpheme, was born in Shijie, Dongguan, Guangdong, and Wuzhou, Guangxi (the origin is disputed). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Ji Liao was the supervisor.
In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19), he was a scholar, and later recommended himself to work in Liaodong border. Sun Chengzong valued Ningyuan. In the war against the Qing army (the latter Jin Dynasty), Ningyuan and Ningjin successively won a great victory, but Wei Zhongxian resigned and returned to his hometown because he was unpopular.
After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, Yuan Chonghuan was re-enabled. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Huang Taiji was repelled. After the siege of the capital was lifted, the remnants of Wei Zhongxian impeached Yuan Chonghuan on charges of "killing the island commander (Mao)", "making peace with the Qing court" and "being enemies with Chengmi", and Huang Taiji took the opportunity to carry out double espionage. Yuan Chonghuan was finally thought to have a secret agreement with Houjin.
Although Yuan Chonghuan is a famous anti-Qing fighter, he is also a controversial figure. One is a collection of Yuan's posthumous works, and the other is a collection of Yuan Chonghuan.