Chinese name for sending slaves

Emperor Wu of song

Dai Chao nan Chao

Zideyu

Sending slaves, the nickname of Emperor Wu of Song. Emperor Gao Zuwu of the Southern Song Dynasty was taboo, and posthumous title was a slave.

After Gaudi's brother Chu Yuan and Wang Yuan became friends. Once cut the Central Plains twice.

My ancestors were from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and later moved to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). He was the founder of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and was known as Song Wudi in history. An outstanding politician, strategist and commander-in-chief in the history of China.

According to historical records, Emperor Wu of Song (reigned 420-422) claimed to be the son of Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. His ancestral home was in Suili, Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province), and his great-grandfather Liu moved south with the Jinshi family when he was mixed, and lived in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. Liu Yusheng became an emperor and an official family. However, due to the early death of his father, Liu Qiao, and his poor family, he was reduced to selling straw sandals for a living in his childhood. At that time, he was just a simple and poor junior official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, Emperor Wu of Song has few ambitions, and he is bent on doing something earth-shattering. With such ambition, Emperor Wu of Song joined the army when he was young and became a junior officer of the soldiers in the northeast of Shanxi Province.

In the third year of Long 'an (399), Sun En and Lu Xun fought against Jin in Huiji, and the former general Liu Laozhi was sent by Jin Dynasty to suppress from the east, and Liu Laozhi invited Liu Yu to join the army. Emperor Wu of song is resourceful, brave and good at fighting, and has repeatedly defeated and made meritorious military service. He was promoted to General Jianwu, Xiapi Taishou and Pengcheng Literature and History. Emperor Wu of song began from now on.

On the first day of February in the third year of Yuan Xing (404), Emperor Wu of Song rose up in his hometown of Jingkou to crusade against Huan Xuan, the king of Chu who usurped Jin. In 405, after Sima defeated Huan Xuan, Emperor Dezong of Jin 'an was reinstated as Liu Wei's assistant, general riding a bicycle, military commander at home and abroad, secretariat, secretariat of Yanzhou and minister of history. From then on, Emperor Wu of Song controlled the political affairs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In less than 20 years, Emperor Wu of Song quelled the civil war, defeated the maritime uprisings of Sun En and Lu Xun successively, and wiped out military groups such as Huan Xuan and Liu Yi. He devoted himself to the Northern Expedition, took Bashu, attacked Southern Yan and destroyed Qin. He has grown from an ordinary soldier to a military commander with outstanding achievements. After Emperor Wu of Song gained power with Jinshi, in 409, he led an army to destroy Southern Yan regime in Guanggu (now Yidu County, Shandong Province) and defeated Lu Xun again. For six years (4 12), Yixi attacked Qiaozong in Sichuan and conquered Bashu. In 405-4 15, emperor Wu of song wiped out the major separatist forces in the south, unified the south, and achieved unprecedented unity in the history of the eastern Jin dynasty and the southern dynasties. In the ninth year of Yixi (4 15), Yao Xing died at the end of Qin Dynasty, and Yao Hong succeeded to the throne, which led to chaos in Guanzhong. In the first year of Yuanxi (4 17), Chang 'an was conquered, the later Qin Dynasty was destroyed, and the Song Dynasty was sealed.

In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu forced Sima to abdicate, that is, he proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Song, and changed to Yuan Yongchu. When the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, China began to enter the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the early period of Liu and Song Dynasties, because Emperor Wu of Song recovered the three northern countries of Qing, Yan and Si at the end of Jin Dynasty, he generally owned a vast area south of the Yellow River and became the dynasty with the largest territory, the strongest strength, the most developed economy and the most prosperous culture in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. Emperor Wu of song reigned for three years. During his reign, he was politically clear and made great achievements, and died in Jiankang in 422 AD. At the age of 60. The temple name is Gaozu, whose name is Song Wudi, and he was buried in Chuning Mausoleum (now Zijinshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu).

Face the cold bravely

Liu Yuchu is the Sima of Sun Wudong, an old general of the northern government, and his deeds are not obvious. In November (399) of the third year of Andi Longan, Sun En rose from Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) to resist the gold, and eight counties in the southeast responded, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties. Jin Ting sent Xie Yan and Liu Laozhi to suppress them. He is a well-known figure of the Xie family in Chen county and a famous northern minister who was destroyed before the Battle of Feishui. May be because sun mowgli's recommendation, emperor wu of song transferred to Liu Laozhi as a soldier. In the years when he moved to Sanwu, Emperor Wu of Song fought and won, and lost, and his military strategy began to emerge. He is not only brave and good at fighting, persevering, but also well-directed, resourceful and good at winning more with less. The generals at that time plundered soldiers and squandered the people. Emperor Wu of song is the only one who runs the army and has strict law and discipline. Because of his meritorious service in fighting against chaos, he was named General Jianwu by Emperor Wu of Liu and took Pi as the satrap. He led the water army in pursuit of Sun En, forcing him to be buried in the sea.

Put down the rebellion in Huan Xuan

Sun En rose up and consumed the forces of the Jin Dynasty, resulting in the emptiness of Beijing's defense, which made Jingzhou, a military town in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, wait for an opportunity.

Huan Xuan took advantage of this opportunity. In the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan invaded Jiankang, killed Sima Yuan Xian, seized the relieving of Liu Laozhi and replaced him with his cousin Huan Xiu. Liu Laozhi fled for fear of disaster and hanged himself. Emperor Wu of song sized up the situation and voted for Huan Xuan temporarily to hide his strength. Because Emperor Wu of Song has made many achievements in building the army, he has a good reputation in the northern government army headquarters, so Huan Xuan can't underestimate him. The following December, Huan Xuan usurped the throne, and he was more hospitable to Emperor Wu of Song. Huan Xuan's wife, Liu, is very understanding. She said to her husband many times: "Emperor Wu of Song is ambitious and sees things in an extraordinary way. He won't stay long, so get rid of it as soon as possible. Huan Xuan said, "I want to destroy the Central Plains, and I can't do it without this person. How can I kill him? "Wait for Guan Long to settle down, and then make plans." Is Huan Xuan calculation, emperor wu of song also secretly plotting to Huan Xuan. He met Wuji and Liuyi in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), Liyang (now Hexian, Anhui), Qi Jing and Jiankang. In February of the third year of Yuan Xing (404), Emperor Wu of Song gathered more than 100 people in the name of hunting, attacked Beijing first and killed Huan Xiu. Liu Yi also succeeded in Guangling, killing Huan Hong, the younger brother of Huan Xiu. Then, the people promoted Emperor Wu of Song as the leader, which spread widely, and all parts of the country responded in succession. Seeing that the situation was not good, Huan Xuan held Emperor Jin 'an hostage and escaped from Jiangling by canoe. In March, Emperor Wu of Song led the troops into Jiankang, sat in the capital and commanded the whole army to advance westward. After more than a month of fierce fighting, Huan Xuan was forced to flee to Xichuan and was killed by Qian Feng, the protector of Yizhou.

Unify Jiangnan

Southern owl Lu Xun

Sun En's brother-in-law Lu Xun took part in the Sun En Uprising. In March of the first year of Yuanxing, after Sun En committed suicide by jumping into the sea, Lu Xun led thousands of rebels to continue their struggle. After Huan Xuan captured Jiankang and took charge of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in order to appease the eastern Zhejiang, he used Lu Xun as Yongjia Prefecture. On the surface, Lu was ordered to expand his power secretly. In May, Lu Xun entered Dongyang (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) and was defeated by Emperor Wu of Song (see the battle between Emperor Wu of Song and Huan Xuan). In the second year of Yuanxing, Lu Xun sent Xu Daofu to attack Dongyang and Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province), and was defeated by Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and withdrew from Hailu South. In October of three years, Lu Xun conquered Panyu (now Guangzhou) and Shixing (now southwest of Shaoguan, Guangdong), calling himself General Pingnan and taking photos in Guangzhou. Liu Yuping took control of the political affairs in the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the rebellion in Huan Xuan. In April of the first year of Yixi (405), Lu Xun was appointed as the secretariat of Guangzhou, and his brother-in-law Xu Daofu was appointed as the prime minister. In the spring of the sixth year of Yixi (4 10), Lu Xun and Xu Dao led Emperor Wu of Song to the northern expedition in Southern Yan, and took advantage of the emptiness in the rear to carry out the northern expedition. He led the troops to meet in Shixing, then went north on the East-West Second Road and entered Xiangzhou (now Changsha) and Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) counties. All the way, general Zhennan was defeated, Liu Daogui, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and Liu Yi, the secretariat of Yuzhou, were defeated. The number of insurgents is more than 65438+ 10, which is very shocking. Xu Daofu urged him to move eastward, but Lu Xun hesitated for several days before reluctantly agreeing, so he arrived at Huaikou (now Qinhuai Estuary, northwest of Nanjing, Jiangsu) from Sangluo Prefecture, and approached Jiankang, with only a few thousand troops. The people in the city were shocked and martial law was imposed inside and outside. Emperor Wu of song heard the news and rushed back to the capital from the front line of the Northern Expedition to deploy defense. Lu Xun was indecisive and delayed the fighter plane. Nearly two months after the rebel army arrived in Jiankang, the soldiers were tired of eating. At the beginning of July, I was forced to look for Yang in the south. In December, he was chased by Emperor Wu of Song, and was destroyed in radar (now Wangjiang, Anhui Province) and Zuo Li (now at the foot of Zuolishan Mountain in the northwest of Duchang, Jiangxi Province), and was forced to retreat to Shixing and Panyu in the south. In February of the seventh year of Yixi, Meng Huaiyu, a general of the Jin army, breached Shixing, and Xu Daofu, a veteran, died. Lu Xun led the rest of the troops to Panyu, but the city was invaded by Emperor Wu of the Sea, so he retreated to Jiaozhou (now Xianyou East, Beining Province, Vietnam) in April, lost in the fire, committed suicide by drowning, and the uprising failed.

In the seventh year of Yixi (4 1 1), Emperor Wu sent troops to kill Xu Daofu, but Lu Xun could not capture Panyu for a long time and moved to Jiaozhou. At this time, Du Yuan, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, died, and the imperial court decreed that his son Du Hui should attack him. Before Huidu received the imperial edict, Lu Xun had attacked Hepu and hit Jiaozhou radially. Huidu learned that his family's wealth was exhausted, and called six thousand soldiers and civilians from Zhongzhou to take on the battle of Lion Mountain and defeated Lu Xun in one fell swoop. Seeing that the tide was over, Lu Xun poisoned his wife with wine, then killed the beautiful concubine who didn't want to die and drowned himself. After Du Huidu's victory, he killed Lu Fu, found Lu Xun's body, cut off his head, and added the heads of Li Tuo and others, making a total of seven people. They were exquisitely packed in small boxes and sent to Jiankang. Most areas such as Guangzhou were recovered.

Destroy Liu Yi.

Liu Yi [Eastern Jin Dynasty] (? ~ 4 12) General of China Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word cierre, the small word panlong. Peng Chengpei (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) was born. He once joined the army for Huan Hong Zhong Bing. In the second year of Yuan Xing (403), Huan Xuan built Chu in the Jin Dynasty, while Liu Yi, Meng Chang and Liu Daogui opposed it in Guangling, beheaded Qingzhou secretariat Huanhong, and joined Emperor Wu of Song in Jiankang, becoming the top general. In the sixth year (4 10), Yixi fought with Lu Xun, the leader of the peasant uprising army, in Sanluozhou (now northeast of Jiujiang Yangtze River in Jiangxi Province), and was defeated and reduced to a post-general. Xuan is also the secretariat of Jingzhou, according to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. He cooperated with Emperor Wu of Song to win the battle with Huan Xuan. He is often dissatisfied and tries to compete with Yu. After Emperor Wu of Song was punished by imperial edict, Liu Yi was defeated and hanged himself in Jiangling. Emperor Wu of song led a great army to conquer Jiangling.

Eliminate Sima Xiuzhi

Sima Xiuzhi (? ~ about 4 17) minister of the eastern Jin dynasty. Word, Kawachinofumi (now Wenxian) people. Jin Tianxing five years (404), as Jingzhou secretariat. Persecuted by Huan Xuan, he defected to Murong De. After Huan Xuan was killed, he returned to Jin, and still served as the secretariat of Jingzhou, which was supported by the government and the people. His son Vince murdered Emperor Wu of Song and was discovered by Emperor Wu of Song. Emperor Wu of song handed Vince to Hugh for disposal. Hugh asked Sven to refuse and wrote to Emperor Wu of Song to apologize. Shen Rui and Yu killed Hugh's son and brother and led troops to attack. In April of the 11th year of Yixi (4 15), Emperor Wu of Song defeated Sima Xiu's 40,000 troops, conquered Jiangling and captured Xiangyang. Hugh and his son, Lu Zongzhi, etc. Later, Qin fled with Yao Xing. In the 13th year of Yixi (4 17), Emperor Wu destroyed Yao Hong, and later Qin died. Hundreds of people, including Sima Xiuzhi, surrendered to Song on the spot and died in the army more than a month later. General Zheng and Dr. You Guanglu were posthumously awarded the title of "Ping".

Outwit the southwest

4 1 1 years later, the Shu army was defeated by Sichuan. In 4 12, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty took Shu, took Zhu Lingshi, the satrap of Xiyang, as the secretariat of Yizhou, and led General Ning Shuo to surrender to Zang.

Xi, Hejian prefect Kuaien, Xiapi prefect Liu Zhong took up twenty thousand troops and attacked Houshu. Before departure, Emperor Wu of Song and Zhu Ling made a decisive decision based on the failure of Liu's last trip to the inland waters, and lured the Shu people to defend the inland waters, with the outer waters as the main force. In order to prevent the wind from spreading prematurely, and to prevent Shu people from judging whether it is true or not, Emperor Wu of Song sent a brocade letter, the second volume of which read "Open to Bai Di".

The court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was very hostile to Qiao Zong's claim to the throne, and sent troops for three times. In the second year of Yixi (406), Mao Xiuzhi, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led an army into Shu, where he was repelled by Qiao Zong. In the fourth year of AD (408), Liu, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once again led an army into Shu, and Zhang Xianzhong, 500 miles away from Chengdu, was repelled by Qiao Zongbu. In the ninth year of Yixi (AD 4 13), Zhu Lingshi, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led an army to attack Qiaozong in Shu, and this time the Jin Army finally arrived in Chengdu. Although Qiao Zong organized the army and the people to fight for World War I, the Jin Army was strong, Chengdu was captured by Zhu Lingshi, and Qiao Zong hanged himself.

Two felling of central plains

Attack and destroy Southern Yan

From April to February of the following year in the fifth year of Jin Dynasty (Emperor Taizong's reign in Southern Yan in 409), Emperor Wudi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led an army to conquer Yan Dou Optical Valley (now northwest of Qingzhou, Shandong Province) and destroy Southern Yan's famous war.

In the first month of the fifth year of Yixi, Murong Chao, the emperor of Southern Yan, thought that there were not enough court musicians and wanted to plunder the Eastern Jin Dynasty through war. In February, Murong attacked Su Yu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now southeast of Suqian, Jiangsu Province) and plundered 2,500 people. In order to fight against Southern Yan, Emperor Wu of Song made a name for himself. In April, he led his shipmaster back to Huaihe River and entered Surabaya from Jiankang (now Nanjing).

In May, I arrived in Xiapi (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu), left the ship and the trench, and changed from land to Langxie (now north of Linyi, Shandong). In order to prevent Southern Yan from being defeated by Indiana Jones, he built a fortress and left the army to defend it. The Xianbei people in Yannan are brave and brave, underestimating their enemies, and are not worried about 8 Jin Army entering their territory. Murong Chao didn't take the good strategy of "taking advantage of the danger of the Great Fairy Mountain (now Yishan, Shandong Province) on the fifth floor of General Gongsun" or "strengthening the wall to clear the wild" and "cutting off the grain supply road in Shanxi".

In June, Emperor Wu of Song met no resistance and crossed Juxian County (now Shandong Province), a larger Xianshan quilt. Southern Yan's main force, Murong Chao, advanced Gongsun on the fifth floor, Helai Road, left General Duan Hui, and led 50,000 cavalry into Linqu (now Shandong). Murong Chao learned that the nomads from the past big fairy, since the rate of forty thousand troops. When Yan Jun arrived in Linqu, Murong Chao sent Gongsun Sheng to ride out of the fifth floor to control the huge water in Linqu South (now Shandong Mihe River). Gongsun Sheng met Jin striker Meng and retreated after losing on the fifth floor. Emperor Wu of song followed with 4000 left and right chariots, soldiers, cars and white cavalry, and moved on. When Jin arrived in Linqu South, Murong Chao sent an elite rider to attack before and after. The two armies fought and the outcome was uncertain. Emperor Wu of Song adopted Fan Hu's policy of joining the army, and sent Fan Hu to join the army with general Tan Shao and Jianwei, led the army around the Yan army, and then took advantage of his weakness to conquer Linqu. Murong Chao rode alone and fled to the left general Duan Hui camp in the south of the city. Emperor Wu of song pursued the victory, defeated the Yan army, and Duan Hui will be beheaded. Murong Chao fled to Optics Valley. Emperor Wu of song pursued northward and conquered the outer city of Optics Valley. Murong Chao retreated to the inner city. Liu Yuzhu surrounded it, surrendered and rebelled, and won the people.

Heart, take food on the spot to support the war. Murong Chao was trapped in the inner city of Optics Valley, and sent Shang, Zhang Gang, Shang Shuling and Han Fan to Qin for help. In July, Yao Qiang, the general of Yao Xing faction of the last Qin Dynasty, joined Yao Shao, commander in chief of Luoyang (northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province), with 10,000 cavalry to save Southern Yan. He also sent messengers to announce to Emperor Wu of Song that the late Qin Dynasty sent 65,438+ten thousand troops to Luoyang, and if 8 Jin J didn't return them, he would March in. Emperor Wu of song saw through Yao Xing's bluff and was unmoved. Soon, Yao xing was defeated by Xia Zhu Liu in Ercheng (now northwest of Shaanxi Huangling), and Yao Qiang was ordered to withdraw from Zhou Changan (now northwest of Xi 'an). Murong Chao was trapped in Optics Valley for a long time, but he didn't see the reinforcements of the later Qin Dynasty. He wanted to say that he was a vassal of the Eastern Jin Dynasty on the condition of cutting the south of the Great Fairy Mountain and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but was rejected by Emperor Wu of Song. Southern Yan ministers Zhang Hua, Feng Kai and Shang Jun were successively demoted to Jin.

In September, Emperor Wu of Song stopped Han Fan, who borrowed soldiers to go to the later Qin Dynasty, and made him walk around the city to show that there was no hope for reinforcements in the later Qin Dynasty. The defenders of Southern Yan in the city were frightened. 10, Yanbang was captured, and Jin Jun made various siege equipment such as flying buildings and rushing cars to strengthen the offensive and defensive capabilities.

In February of six years, Nanlailu and Gongsun led the troops to dig tunnels to attack the fifth floor of 8 Jin Army, and they were defeated and returned to the inner city. Emperor Wu of Song seized the opportunity to attack the city from all sides, and Southern Yan Shangshu Yue Shou opened the gate to meet them, and 8 Jin J attacked the inner city of Guanggu. Murong Chao led dozens of riders to break through and was captured by 8 jin j. Was sent to health beheaded, Southern Yan died.

After the Qin dynasty was cut

In the 12th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the first year of Yonghe at the end of Qin Dynasty (AD 4 16), on August 12th, Emperor Wu of Song led an army from Jiankang, and various armies were dispatched as scheduled.

In September, Emperor Wu of Song led an army to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Forward and Tan Daoji's troops are also progressing smoothly, and they have made great progress since they entered Qin territory. Wang Gousheng, the general of Qin State, surrendered in Qiu Qi (now Shangqiu North, Henan Province); Xuzhou secretariat Yao Zhang surrendered to Tandaoji Army in Xiangcheng (now Shenqiu, Henan); At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xincai (now Xincai, Henan Province), the satrap Dong Zun built and guarded the city, but after Tan Daoji conquered the city and killed Dong Zun, he immediately conquered Xuchang (now Xu Changdong, Henan Province) and captured Yao Yuan, the satrap of Yingchuan, and Yang Ye, the general. At the same time, Jianwu general Shen entered the Yellow River from Bianshui, and Xiang Yi (now Suixian County, Henan Province) was led by Dong Shenhu 1 10,000 people responded to Jin Jun. Shen Linzi immediately attacked Cangyuan (now Kaifeng North, Henan Province) with him and conquered the city. Qin Yanzhou, the secretariat of Wei Hua, surrendered.

In October, 8 Jin Army invaded Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) and Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province). He and Tan Daoji immediately joined forces with Yu (now Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang, Henan). Yao Ming, the general guarding Luoyang in the late Qin Dynasty, saw the approaching of 8 Jin Army and sent someone to Chang 'an for help. Yao Hong, the master of the late Qin Dynasty, ordered Yan Sheng, a captain, to ride more than 3,000 cavalry, and Yao Yinan, a general from Wuwei, led the infantry 1000 to reinforce Luoyang, and ordered Yao Yi, a state shepherd, to enter Tunshan-Tianjin (now southeast of Pinglu, Shanxi, that is, the ancient Maojindu) from Puban (now Yongji West, Shanxi) to show unity. At this time, Zhao Xuan, the general of Ning Shuo, suggested to Yao Ming: "Today, the golden mouth is deep and the human feelings are shocking; If you are outnumbered and don't win the battle, the incident will be over. It is advisable to capture and defend the soldiers and stick to Jin Yong. Kim wouldn't dare to cross me and go west. It is because I can't fight and won't take advantage. " Yuyao and Sima Yao, as well as Yan Hui and Ella, the chief bookkeepers of Yao Min, were jealous of Zhao Xuan, so they secretly communicated with Tan Dao Ji, strongly opposed Zhao Xuan's proposal, and encouraged Yao Min to divide their forces to defend the localities. Yao Ming was recruited, and Zhao Xuan was sent to divide his troops 1000 to defend Baiguwu (now southeast of Yanshi, Henan Province) and Gongcheng (now southwest of Gongxian County, Henan Province) with General Guangwu. Subsequently, elevation and Hulao Pass (now northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province) all surrendered to 8 Jin Army, and Wang Zhene, Tandaoji and Shen Linzi successfully marched westward from elevation. Wu Shi entered Shiguan (now Yanshi West, Henan Province), and when he learned that Jin Jun had arrived, he withdrew from Luoyang. Zhao Xuan and Jin Jun fought in Baiguwu and were defeated and killed. 1October 20th, Tandaoji army approached Luoyang,1October 22nd, Yao Ming went out of the city and captured Jin. Tan Daoji captured more than 4,000 people in Qin Jun. At this time, Yan Sheng, a captain at the end of Qin Dynasty, and Yao Yinan, a general of Wu Wei, were on their way to Luoyang, and they learned that Luoyang had fallen and were afraid to move forward.

Liu Yuyuan ordered the vanguard troops to capture Luoyang, and continued to advance westward after the arrival of the follow-up main force. However, when Wang Zhene and others saw the civil strife in the late Qin Dynasty and the weak garrison in Tongguan, they made a decisive decision. Before the arrival of Emperor Wu of Song's army, he suited himself to the west. From Wang Zhene army to Mianchi (now Luoning West, Henan Province), Mao Dezu was sent to attack Yin Ya, the prefect of Qin Hongnong, and captured Yin Ya in Wu Licheng (now Luoning West, Henan Province). Wang Zhene's army soon arrived at the gates of Tongguan (now north of Tongguan, Shaanxi). On the other hand, Tan Daoji and Shen Linzibu crossed the Yellow River from Shaanxi (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province) and attacked Puban (now Yongji West, Shanxi Province). At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xue, the prefect of Hebei Province, fled to Hedong, and Tan Daoji and other soldiers attacked Puban, which was repelled by the secretariat and Bingzhou at the end of the Qin Dynasty. Tan also ordered an attack on Xiongnu Fort, which was defeated by Yao Chengdu, the general of Qin Dynasty. At this time, the late Qin Dynasty took Dongping Gong Yao Shao as the commander-in-chief, the commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs, changed the name of Lu Gong, led Wuwei General Yao Luan and other 50 thousand cavalry to defend Tongguan, and ordered Yao Donkey to lead troops to reinforce Pusakan. Shen Linzi believes that Puban City is very strong and has many troops, so it is difficult to attack and take it quickly. Wang Zhene is alone in Tongguan, so it is better to attack Tongguan with Wang Zhene. Tongguan was broken, but Zhao Yin was defeated. Tan Daoji agreed with Shen Linzi and led the army south from Puban. In March, Tan Daoji and Shen arrived in Tongguan. Yao Shao led the troops to battle, Tan Daoji and Shen Linzi defeated Qin Jun, captured Qin Jun 1 10,000 people, and Yao Shao withdrew his troops and settled in the city (30 miles west of Tongguan, Shaanxi). Taking advantage of the danger, he said to the generals, "Serenade, like Tan Dao Ji, is weak and alone. The enemy can only hold the city as backup. We will divide our troops and cut off their grain routes to capture them. " So he sent Yao Luan, a general, to cut off the road and stop the grain transportation of 8 Jin Army.

Yao Luan first sent Yin Ya, a general, to fight the Jin Army in the south of Tongguan, but was defeated but captured by the Jin Army. On the fourth day of March, Shen Linzi attacked Yao Luan's barracks at night with brave and sharp foot soldiers, killing thousands of people in Yao Luan and Qin Jun. Yao Shao also sent Yao Zan to station troops on the river and cut off 8 Jin Jun's water transport. Shen Linzi led the army to attack again, and Yao Zanbing was defeated and fled back to Dingcheng. At this time, Qin general Xue came to Jin with Hequ. Soon, 8 jin j supplies can not be continued, the morale of the floating. The whole army was forced to build a city and could not move forward. The army proposed to withdraw its troops and return to the east. At this point, the general Shen Linzi thundered with a sword: "Now that Xu and Luo have made up their minds, the power will be combined. The success or failure of the matter depends on the striker. Moreover, the army is still far away and the enemy soldiers are full of energy. If they want to retreat, it is difficult to retreat safely. I am determined to lead the department alone to continue the mission of acceptance. " Wang Zhene and others just calmed down, and sent someone to tell Emperor Wu of Song, demanding that reinforcements be sent to transport hay immediately. The emissary met Emperor Wu of Song, who followed Wei closely on the north bank of the Yellow River, and refused to send reinforcements. Wang Zhene is close to Hongnong (now Lingbao North, Henan Province). He mobilized the people and donated food rations. This solved the crisis of food shortage and stabilized morale. In April, Yao Shao once again ordered Ningshuo generals Zhi Yao, An Luan, Yao Moli, the garrison, and Tang Xiaofang, the prefect of Hedong, to lead 2,000 people to station in Jiuyuan, Hebei Province, in an attempt to break the route of providing food for the golden army again, and was defeated by Shen Linzi. Yao Zhi, Yao Moli and Tang Xiaofang were all beheaded, and all the troops were lost. When Yao Shao heard that Zhi Yao and others were killed in the defeat, he was furious and vomited blood. He gave the relieving to Yao Zan, the Duke of Dongping, and died. Soon, Yao Zan led a sneak attack on Shen Linzi and was defeated by Shen Linzi. The two sides reached an impasse.

In the 13th year of Yixi (AD 4 17), Emperor Wu left Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and entered Qinghe from Huaishui and Sishui. On the eighth day of March, Emperor Wu of Song left the general Mi Xiang and led some troops to camp at the important ferry of the Yellow River (now the northwest of East Shandong) and led the army into the Yellow River. In order to prevent 8 jin j from attacking wei on the north bank of the Yellow River, Wei Jun followed Liu Yujun to the west along the north bank of the Yellow River with thousands of cavalry. All Jin personnel drifting to the north shore were captured and killed by Wei Jun. Emperor Wu of song sent troops ashore several times to attack Wei. As soon as he landed, Wei Jun fled the shore. In order to repel Wei Jun's harassment, Emperor Wu of Song ordered thousands of warriors to take hundreds of chariots, led by Ding Yun and General Ning Shuo Zhu Chaoshi, and boarded the north bank of the Yellow River with strong arrows and marched in array. Wei Jun immediately attacked, and General Wei often led 30,000 cavalry to besiege 8 Jin Army from all directions. The Jin army fought to the death, and Wei Jun was killed by a sharp arrow. Bodies were everywhere, and Gan was beheaded and defeated. Zhu Chaoshi led Fan Hu, general of Ningshuo, and Liu Rongzu, general of Ningyuan, and pursued more than 65,438+10,000 prisoners. In mid-April, Liu Yujin went to Luoyang. In order to prevent Wei Jun from attacking, he stopped troops in Luoyang for two months and deployed rear defense. In July, he went to Shaanxi (now Sanmenxia, Henan), where generals Shen and Fu Hongzhi entered Wuguan (now Shangxian, Shaanxi), and later Qin Shoujiang fled. Shen and other troops marched, and later Qin ordered Yao, assistant minister of Huangmen, to station troops in (now northwest of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province) to stop Shen's army.

In August, Emperor Wu of Song entered Ganxiang (now Tongguan East, Shaanxi Province). Emperor Wu of song worried that Shen's military strength was weak. In order to better contain and attract Qin Jun's army, he sent general Shen Linzi to lead the army to support him. At this point, Shen and others are preparing to attack the willow tree. Yao Hongben, the commander of the late Qin Dynasty, wanted to lead an army to meet in Dingcheng, Tongguan, but he was worried that Shen and others would attack from the flank, so he decided to lead an army to destroy Shen's army first, and then pour the army of the whole country to meet the main force of Emperor Wu of Song. In August, Yao Hong led tens of thousands of cavalry into Ni Qing (near Liu Liu) suddenly. When Shen learned that Yao Hong was coming with an army, he wanted to attack Qin Jun immediately after his arrival. Fu Hongzhi believes that the enemy is outnumbered and should not attack. Shen said: "There is no need to be in public. Now, many people are hanging on each other and are at odds. If there is a solid knot, then I have nothing to escape. It is better to take advantage from the beginning and the camp is not established. If you are thin first, you can make meritorious deeds. " So he decided to lead his troops to attack the enemy first, followed by Fu Hongzhi. Shen's army was surrounded, Shen encouraged his foot soldiers to fight bravely, and was defeated. He beheaded Qin Jun 10000 people, and Yao Hong led the defeated army back to Chang 'an. When Shen arrived, he had already retreated, so Shen and Shen Linzihe joined forces to pursue Qin Jun. Many counties in Guanzhong saw Yao Hong's defeat and secretly surrendered to 8 Jin Jun.

On the second day of August, Emperor Wu of Song arrived in Tongguan, took Zhu Chaoshi as the Hedong satrap, and ordered him to meet Zhenwu General Xu Yizhi in Hebei and capture Puban (now Yongji West, Shanxi), an important strategic ferry. Yao Pu and Yao He both defeated Jin Jun and were beheaded. Zhu Chaoshi fled back to Tongguan. At this point, Wang Zhene requested to lead the water army from the Yellow River into Weishui, and forced it to Chang 'an. Emperor Wu of song adopted his suggestion. After the departure of Wang Zhene Army, General Yao Na of Wu Hui led his troops to the west of the city (now Dali East, Shaanxi Province) at the end of Qin Dynasty, followed by Wang Zhene. Yao Hong led the troops from Bashang to Shiqiao (northeast of Luomen, Chang 'an) to meet Yao Nan; Zhenbei generals Yao Jiang and Yao Na joined hands to guard Inoue (now Gaoling, Shaanxi Province) to meet Wang Zhene's army. Wang Zhene ordered General Mao Dezu to attack and defeat Qin Jun. When Yao Jiang died, Yao could not escape back to Chang 'an. When Yao Zan, the Duke of Dongping, learned that 8 Jin Army was approaching Chang 'an, he led his troops to retreat from Dingcheng to Cheng Zheng (now hua county, Shaanxi). Emperor Wu of song's army immediately approached. Yao Hong, the master of the late Qin Dynasty, saw that Chang 'an was in danger, and there were still tens of thousands of troops to compete with 8 Jin Army. Yao Pijun was ordered to guard Wei Qiao (north of Chang 'an), Hu Yidu guarded Shijie (northeast of Chang 'an), Yao Zanjun guarded Badong (east of Bashui), and Yao Hong led his troops to guard Xiaoyao Garden (west of Chang 'an). On August 23, Wang Zhene took a boat from Meng Chong to Wei Qiao and abandoned the ship. At that time, most of the ships were washed away because of the swift current of the Weihe River. Wang Zhene took the opportunity to encourage the minister to say, "My home is in the south of the Yangtze River. This is the north gate of Chang 'an. When I returned to my home in Wan Li, my boat, clothes and food had gone with the flow. If you win today, fame and fortune will be obvious; If you can't win, the bones won't return, and it makes no difference. I'm sorry! " So he took the lead and led the army to attack Yao Pijun. When Yao Pi was defeated, Yao Hong led troops to rescue him, and trampled on each other with Yao Pi's defeated soldiers, and he was defeated without fighting. Sebrina and others died in battle, and Yao Hong fled back to the palace alone. Wang Zhene's army entered Chang 'an from Pingshuomen (the north gate of Chang 'an), and Yao Hong and Yuyao led hundreds of riders to escape to the stone bridge. When Yao Zan, the Duke of Dongping, learned that Yao Hong was defeated, he led the people to save him, and all of them fled. On August 24th, Yao Hong led his ministers to surrender to Wang Zhene Barracks. At this point, the post-Qin dynasty declared its demise.

Slave sending reform

Political achievements

During the reign of Emperor Wu of Song, he learned the lessons of the former powerful leaders of Tu nationality, restrained the merger of powerful leaders, and took many measures to consolidate the throne, which also showed the entrepreneurial king's ability to govern the country.

Bureaucratically, in March of the second year of Yong Chu (42 1), Emperor Wu of Song stipulated that "there should be no more than 2,000 Jingzhou officials and no more than 10,000 collectors; There shall be no more than 500 generals and 5000 officials in the country. Soldiers are not subject to this restriction (Biography of Song Wudi). This is because in the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, officials were released in disorder, which brought a heavy burden to the people. Emperor Wu of song stopped this in time. In the legal system, Emperor Wu of Song also reformed the harsh criminal law since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the first month of the third year of Yong (422), it was written that "the punishment is neither light nor heavy, which is the original punishment" (Song Wudi Book).

Emperor Wu of song is very concerned about people's lives, and has ordered tax reduction and exemption for many times, just like renting cloth for two years in August (Song Shu? "The Legend of Emperor Wu"). When Liu Yi was pacified, he also ordered tax reduction and exemption. For those slaves who were originally recruited for the needs of war, they will also be returned.

Although Liu Yu-Ben is a professional traveler with little education, he attaches great importance to education. In the first month of the third year of Yongzheng (422), the following imperial edict was issued: "The founding of the country in ancient times, teaching first, and the wind trained the world, nothing more than this; It's salty when you're confused. Therefore, since he became king, in modern times, he has been advocating learning art and establishing preface. From the past, I was in the suburbs, and the flag was rolling, so I didn't have time to give it. So the school is deserted, and insults are endless. The army will get older and older, and the temptation of training will fall. Later generations are afraid of the wall and always sigh. This "national style" is so eternal, and "Xiaoya" is so nostalgic. Today, Lue Wang is far away, the territory of China is clear, and the lookout looks forward to it. Cheap, Tao prize, selection of Confucian officials, Hong Zhen. The master carefully examines the old classics and implements them in time "("Song Shu? "The Legend of Emperor Wu"). Thereby consolidating the rule of the Song State and improving the social atmosphere. He was an emperor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, with outstanding achievements. The reform he carried out promoted social progress and historical development.

Eliminate fraud and stabilize people's livelihood

Since he came to power, Emperor Wu of Song has replaced Jin as emperor, rectifying the long-standing political and economic situation at that time. There are mainly the following four aspects:

First, rectify the bureaucracy. Many of the officials he attacked or executed at that time were from the gentry or the royal family. Among his cronies and heroes, he also severely punished those who were "arrogant and extravagant, and did not care about political affairs", and even died.

Second, reuse the cold people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the power of the central government, prefectures and counties was always in the hands of the four families of Wang, Xie, Yu and Huan, and the selection of officials was mainly based on family status. The so-called "inferior products have no expensive home, and top products have no cheap home." Most of the elected officials are people without talent and knowledge. After Emperor Wu of Song came to power, he ordered to change this situation and asked to select talents according to the spirit of the original Nine Grades System. He used people from poor backgrounds, such as Liu, Tan Daoji, Zhao Lunzhi, etc.

Third, continue to "break ground" and stop the nine-year (4 13) annexation of jujube and implement the "break ground" policy again. Except that Nanxu, Southern Yan and Nanqing are all within the boundary of Jinling (now Zhenjiang and Changzhou, Jiangsu), the rest are all bounded by the boundary. Most overseas Chinese counties were merged or cancelled. In terms of household registration, there is no longer a distinction between aborigines and overseas Chinese. Those who conceal their household registration should be strictly investigated. It is also forbidden for powerful people to seal off mountains and waters and collect taxes indiscriminately, and the people can cut wood and fish at will.

Fourth, rectify the tax system. Emperor Wu of song ordered local officials not to levy taxes and levies indiscriminately, stipulating that taxes and levies should be based on the existing household registration. All state, county and county officials who seize wasteland and gardens in the name of the government will be abolished. All the materials needed by the palace are "in the same city as the people", and they are paid according to the price and may not be levied. It also reduces taxes and corvees.

Emperor Wu of song's political and economic rectification further dealt a blow to the decadent and dark nobles and aristocratic forces, improved the political and social situation, and alleviated the suffering of the working people.