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Guangdong is called "Baiyue" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, "Nanyue" in Historical Records and "Nanyue" in Hanshu, which is connected with Guangdong and referred to as Guangdong for short. Guangdong ancestors lived, worked and multiplied in this land very early. In the long history, Guangzhou and Guangdong ranked first, and gradually evolved into Cheng Guangdong Province and its jurisdiction. (1) In prehistoric times, human beings lived and multiplied in Guangdong12-140,000 years ago. The site of Dongzhongyan people 30,000 years ago; Yangchundu Cross Site and Fengkai Huangdong Site dating back to 1 0,000 000- 1.6 million years ago; The Qingtang market in Yingde from 7000 to 8000 years ago; Beiqiu cultural site about 4000 -6000 years ago; Xiqiao Qiao Shan Cultural Site and Mabaxia Cultural Site dating back about 3000-4000 years. During the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors had economic and cultural exchanges with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lingnan and Wu Yuechu had close relations and frequent contacts. The legends of Chuting and Nanwucheng in history reflect the relationship between Lingnan and Chuyue in this period. There is also a record of "collecting the South China Sea" in Guoyu. Chu was in the Shang Dynasty, indicating that Lingnan and Chu had military and political relations at that time. (2) Qin and Han dynasties. In 222 BC, after Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, he sent Tu Youyou to lead 500,000 Qin Jun to attack Lingnan. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang established three counties of Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai in the captured Lingnan area. Nanhai County governs the South China Sea in the southeast, Hezhou in Guangxi in the west and Nanling in the north, including parts of eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, central Guangdong and western Guangdong. The county governs Panyu (today's Guangzhou). Today, most of Guangdong Province belongs to Nanhai County, in addition, Zhanjiang and other places belong to Xiang County, parts of western Guangdong belong to Guilin County, and parts of northern Guangdong belong to Changsha County. This is the first time in history to divide administrative districts. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Ren Xiao, the prefect of Nanhai County, was critically ill, and appointed Zhao Tuo as the ambassador of Longchuan County. After Ren Tao's death, Zhao Tuo rose up and cut off Wuling's road to the Central Plains. When Qin died, Zhao Tuo attacked Guilin by force and established Nanyue State, calling himself the "King of Nanyue". According to Lingnan (now Guangdong, most of Guangxi and northern Vietnam), South Vietnam was established, Panyu (now Guangzhou) was its capital, and the county system was implemented. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam. In the Han Dynasty, South Vietnam was divided into Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaotou, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Yuer and Zhuyajiu Counties, and a 13 resident supervision agency was established, which was called "Thirteen Departments". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiaotoe Department was changed to Jiaozhou. Besides the supervisory power, Jiaotoe Department also had military power and became a county-level government. The local administrative system was changed from county level 2 to state, county and county level 3. Today's Guangdong Province includes the whole Nanhai County under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou (the central and eastern part of Guangdong), as well as Cangwu County, Hepu County, Guiyang County in Jingzhou and a part of Zhang Yu County in Yangzhou. Among them, Nanhai County added three counties compared with Qin Dynasty: Jieyang, Suzhong (now Qingyuan) and Zengcheng. In 2 10, Sun Quan of Wu appointed Bu Zhi as the secretariat of Jiaozhou and led his troops to Panyu. In February17, Bu Zhi moved the administration of Jiaozhou from Guangxin to Panyu. In 264, in order to facilitate governance, Soochow set four counties (Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin and Gaoliang) outside Jiaozhou, and set up Guangzhou to administer Panyu, hence the name. During the period of Wu Dong, Guangdong Province now includes Shixing County and Hainan Island in Jingzhou, in addition to the four counties under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. (3) Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of Guangdong Province belonged to Guangzhou, northern Guangdong belonged to Jingzhou, and Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island belonged to Jiaozhou. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political situation in China was divided between the North and the South. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, Guangzhou and Zhou Xun (now Huizhou) were appointed as the Governor's Office to administer the whole country. Yang Di abolished the state as a county and changed it to two levels, namely, county and county, and greatly increased the number of provinces. Today, Guangdong province belongs to 10 county and 74 counties. In the early Tang Dynasty, counties were established. The 45 States of Lingnan belong to Guangzhou, Guizhou, Rongzhou, Yongzhou and Annan (also known as Lingnan Five Houses). After 655 years, all the five governments were assigned to Guangzhou, and the governor called them five governments (governors), and Guangzhou secretariat concurrently held the post. In 756, he was promoted to Lingnan Ambassador. In 862, Lingnan Road was divided into East Road and West Road, Guangzhou was ruled by the host, and Guangdong belonged to Lingnan East Road. This is the origin of the word "East" in the name of Guangdong Province, and it is also the beginning of the division of Guangdong and Guangxi into things. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Lingnan was occupied by Liu, and the administrative divisions basically inherited the organizational system of the Tang Dynasty. 9 17 Nanhan was promoted to Guangzhou as Xing and Liu? Wang Fu, Guangzhou is the capital of the Southern Han Kingdom. In eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong, where counties are sparse, 1 county is added. In the late Southern Han Dynasty, the whole territory governed 60 states, 2 14 counties. (4) During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, Guangdong Province now includes Guangnan East Road 14 and Guangnan West Road 7, with a total of 6 1 county. The Song Dynasty inherited and adjusted the Tang system. Eight prefectures were abolished in western Guangdong and Hainan Island, and four prefectures added in southern Han Dynasty were retained in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong except the Tang Dynasty. 1997, Guangnan Road was divided into Guangnan East Road and Guangnan West Road. East Road is located in Guangzhou and West Road is located in Guizhou. Most of Guangdong belongs to Guangnan East Road, and "Guangdong" is the abbreviation of Guangnan East Road. The local administrative system in Yuan Dynasty was divided into four levels: provincial, provincial, prefectural (state, military) and county, and there was another way, that is, transport agencies below the provincial level and above the provincial level. Today, Guangdong Province is divided into Guangdong Road and Haibei South Road. Guangdong is ruled in Guangzhou, and Haibei Hainan is ruled in Leizhou today. 1369, Guangdong Road was changed to Guangdong and other provinces, and Haibei Hainan Road was assigned to Guangdong, becoming one of the thirteen provinces in the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island, which belong to the same region as Guangxi for a long time, were included in Guangdong, ending the situation that Guangdong belonged to different administrative regions in the past, and the regional outline of Guangdong Province was basically formed. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong set up 10 mansion and 1 zhili mansion, which governed 7 states and 75 counties. Among them, 22 counties such as Shunde, Conghua, Gaoming, Raoping, Huilai, Tai Po, Puning and Chenghai were newly established in the Ming Dynasty. Most of these newly established counties are concentrated in eastern Guangdong, basically forming the distribution pattern of county system today. In the early Qing Dynasty, local administrative organizations were divided into four levels: province, prefecture and county, but in the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs officially changed its name to province. Officially use the name of "Guangdong Province", and its jurisdiction is the same as that of Guangdong Government Council in Ming Dynasty. The Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was established in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and is called "Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi". The Governor's Office of Guangdong and Guangxi was first located in Wuzhou, then in Zhaoqing, and 1746 moved to Guangzhou. The southernmost territory of Guangdong Province in the Qing Dynasty was the Zengmu shoal of the South China Sea Islands. Xisha Islands (called "Qianli Changsha") and Nansha Islands (called "Qianli Shitang") are under the jurisdiction of Wanzhou, Qiongzhou District, Guangdong Province. 1680, Emperor Zhu of Nanming, with his capital in Guangzhou; 184 1 year, the Qing government was defeated in the Opium War and was forced to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking. Hong Kong (then Xin 'an County) officially became a British colony. 1887, Portugal induced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade and occupied Macao (then Xiangshan County). 19 1 1 year, the Republic of China was established after the Revolution of 1911. The name and scope of Guangdong Province are the same as those of the Qing Dynasty, but the government, state and department are changed to counties, becoming a two-level system of provinces and counties, and appeasement zones are set up between provinces and counties. 1925 In July, the National Government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou, and the local administrative divisions of the National Government were provinces, administrative regions, counties and cities. The name of the city appeared in the early years of the Republic of China. The Guangdong Provincial Government consists of six administrative regions, namely, Guangzhou, Beijiang, Dongjiang, Xijiang, Lu Nan and Hainan, and each administrative region has an administrative committee member to handle local affairs on behalf of the provincial government. 1938 5438+00 In June, the Japanese invaders occupied Guangzhou, and the Guangdong provincial government retreated to northern Guangdong (now Lianzhou). In order to meet the needs of wartime, there are four administrative offices in the province, which were changed to nine districts (including occupied areas) in 1940, and nine administrative supervision districts were re-established in 194 1 year. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the government of the Republic of China divided the administrative supervision areas into provincial supervision areas and special administrative supervision areas. The provincial government directly supervises Nanhai and Panyu 12 cities and counties, and the special administrative supervision area is divided into 1 1 districts, which govern 88 counties. (5) Contemporary period. 194910 June 14, Guangzhou liberation; 10 year 10 On October 28th, Guangzhou Municipal People's Government was established; 165438+1October 6th, Guangdong Provincial People's Government was formally established. There are nine special zones in the province, namely Pearl River, Dongjiang River, Xijiang River, Beijiang River, Central Guangdong, South Road, Xingmei and Qiongya in Chaoshan, which govern 7 cities and 98 counties. Guangzhou is a municipality directly under the central government From 65438 to 0952, Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City were led by Central South Management Committee, Beihai City and Qinzhou District were placed under Guangxi, and Huaiji County of Guangxi was placed under Guangdong. 1954, Guangdong province was directly led by the central government, and Guangzhou, which was originally directly under the central government, was placed under the jurisdiction of Guangdong province. Since then, cities, prefectures and counties have been adjusted almost every year. From 65438 to 0979, Baoan County, which originally belonged to Huiyang area, was changed to Shenzhen City, and Zhuhai County, which originally belonged to Foshan area, was changed to Zhuhai City, all of which were directly administered by the province. Guangdong Province is directly under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou, Haikou, Shantou, Zhanjiang, Maoming, Foshan, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shaoguan and other cities 10, which is divided into seven regions including Shaoguan, Huiyang, Meixian, Shantou, Foshan, Zhanjiang and Zhaoqing, and Hainan Administrative Region and Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, with a total jurisdiction of 14 cities, 9 counties and 3 autonomous counties. 198 1 set up offices in Xisha, Nansha and zhongsha islands, which are directly led by Hainan administrative region. 1983, the new system of city governing county and township governing village will be implemented. 1988, the central government divided Hainan administrative region from Guangdong province and established Hainan province. In the same year, Guangdong began to cancel the regional setting, and set up another 18 prefecture-level cities (later increased to 2 1 prefecture-level cities), and fully implemented the prefecture-level city management system and the township management system, which have been in use ever since.