850 HVAC
First, the overall requirements of the examination
Deeply understand the basic principles and concepts of HVAC course, master the relevant calculation and analysis methods, and be able to use the learned knowledge to calculate and analyze the characteristics of HVAC equipment and systems.
Second, the content and proportion of the examination
The first part of air conditioning (90 points)
(1) Examination scope:
1, physical properties and i-d diagram of wet air;
2. Basic principles of human thermal comfort.
3, air conditioning load calculation and air supply;
4. Heat and humidity treatment of air;
5. Air conditioning system;
6. Indoor air distribution
7. Operation adjustment of air conditioning system;
8. Measurement and adjustment of air conditioning system
(2) Examination requirements:
1, be familiar with the physical properties of wet air, and master the calculation methods of various state parameters such as moisture content, partial pressure of water vapor, partial pressure of saturated water vapor, enthalpy, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature of wet air. And skillfully use I-d diagram to represent the state and state change process of wet air.
2. Understand the evaluation index of human thermal comfort, the influence of indoor environment on human thermal comfort, and the heat dissipation mechanism related to human thermal comfort.
3. Understand the principles and methods of determining indoor and outdoor calculation parameters of air conditioners, understand the concepts of thermal effect and comprehensive temperature of buildings caused by solar radiation heat, understand the concepts and differences between heat load and cold load, understand the heat dissipation and moisture dissipation of indoor equipment, personnel, lighting and other heat sources, and the resulting cold and wet loads, and master the determination method of air supply in air-conditioned rooms.
4. Understand the principle of heat and moisture exchange when air is in direct contact with water, understand the methods and differences of air treatment with spray chamber and surface heat exchanger, and understand other methods of air heating, humidification and dehumidification.
5. Master the determination method of fresh air volume of air conditioning system and the air balance principle of the system, master the air treatment process of common central air conditioning systems (primary and secondary return air systems) and its representation on I-d diagram, be familiar with the air treatment process of fan coil plus fresh air air air conditioning system and its representation on I-d diagram, and understand the working principles and processes of air conditioning systems such as variable air volume system, local air conditioning unit and water source heat pump.
6. Evaluation method of indoor air distribution, theoretical and experimental methods related to indoor air distribution design, tuyere performance analysis principle and simulation method.
7. We can discuss the adjustment methods of common central air conditioning system when indoor heat and humidity load changes and outdoor air state changes, and understand the adjustment methods of fan-coil system, variable air volume system, local air conditioning unit, water source heat pump and other air conditioning forms when indoor heat and humidity load changes and outdoor air state changes.
8. Understand the measurement and adjustment methods of dynamic and thermal conditions of air conditioning system, and make a preliminary analysis of the problems in debugging and operation of air conditioning system.
Reference books: Zhao, Fan Cunyang, Xue, Qian. Air conditioning (fourth edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2009.
The second part of heating engineering or refrigeration technology (60 points)
Heating project:
(A) the scope of the examination
1, building heat load calculation
(1) Principles for determining outdoor meteorological parameters and indoor design parameters;
(2) Calculation content and method of building heat load;
(3) Calculation and principle of wall thermal resistance;
(4) Estimation method of heating design heat load;
(5) Drawing method and significance of heat load diagram;
(6) Calculation of annual heat consumption, building heat consumption index and coal consumption index;
(7) General methods of building energy saving.
2. Calculation and selection of heating equipment
(1) Types and characteristics of room heating equipment;
(2) Types and characteristics of heat medium;
(3) heat transfer calculation and radiator selection;
(4) Experimental method of thermal performance of radiator;
(5) Forms and principles of radiant heating (including floor radiant heating).
3. Heating system
(1) Composition and connection mode of heating system (including household metering hot water heating system);
(2) Hydraulic calculation principle and method of heating system;
(3) Matching method and performance curve of circulating water pump;
(4) Constant pressure mode and principle of the system;
(5) The principle and application of water pressure diagram;
(6) System characteristic curve and working point.
4. Operation and regulation of heating system
(1) Methods and principles of system operation adjustment;
(2) Analysis and calculation of hydraulic conditions of hot water heating system;
(3) Hydraulic stability analysis and calculation of hot water heating system;
(4) Operation and energy saving of heating system.
(2) Examination requirements
1, building heat load calculation
The focus of this part is to master the basic concepts and formulas of building heat load calculation, the composition and influencing factors of heat load, the correction methods and methods, the calculation and determination of wall heat transfer and minimum thermal resistance, the estimation method of heating heat load and the drawing method and significance of heat load diagram, the general building energy-saving methods, the calculation of heat consumption index and coal consumption index, and the energy-saving design standards of civil buildings.
2. Calculation and selection of heating equipment
The focus of this part is to master the thermal calculation method and principle calculation formula of heat dissipation equipment used in various heating methods, scientifically and systematically analyze the characteristics of different radiators, and master the experimental method and principle of thermal performance of radiators.
3. Heating system
Master various heating system forms (including household metering hot water heating system forms) and working principles, focusing on the hydraulic calculation method of pipe network system, the concept and application of system constant pressure method, hydraulic pressure diagram and the determination of system working point.
4. Operation and regulation of heating system
Master the changing law of heating system load, the method of system operation adjustment, the analysis and calculation of hydraulic working condition and hydraulic stability of heating system, the content and method of balance debugging, and have a certain understanding of the relationship between system operation adjustment and building energy saving.
Reference books: He Ping, Sun Gang. Heating engineering (fourth edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2009.
Refrigeration technology:
(1) Examination scope:
1, thermodynamic principle of vapor compression refrigeration;
2, the nature of the refrigerant and refrigerant substitutes;
3. Working principle and performance of refrigeration compressor;
4. Other main equipment and auxiliary equipment of refrigeration system;
5, refrigeration system and its working characteristics
6. Basic principles and equipment of absorption refrigeration;
(2) Examination requirements:
1, master the theoretical cycle of inverse carnot cycle and vapor compression refrigeration and its improvement measures; Understand Lao Lun cycle and transcritical refrigeration cycle.
2, familiar with the requirements of refrigerants, refrigerant classification and selection principles, as well as the characteristics of commonly used refrigerants; Familiar with the influence of oil solubility and water solubility of refrigerant on the performance of refrigerator; Deeply understand the problems of CFC and HCFC, and replace refrigerants.
Situation.
3. Familiar with the working principle and performance calculation method of piston compressor; Understand the working principle and main characteristics of rotary compressor; Have a deep understanding of the characteristic curve and surge phenomenon of centrifugal compressor; Master the analysis method of the influence of internal parameters of refrigeration system on performance.
4. Master the types, basic structures, working principles and characteristics of condensers and evaporators; Master the types, basic structure, working principle and characteristics of thermal expansion valves; Understand the characteristics and applicable objects of other types of expansion valves; Understand the function and working principle of auxiliary equipment.
5, master the typical process of vapor compression refrigeration system, and the main characteristics of ammonia system and freon system; Understand the main product classification of refrigeration unit for air conditioning; Master the factors affecting the performance of vapor compression refrigeration system and analysis methods; Master the performance adjustment method of vapor compression refrigeration system and the common reasons of insufficient refrigeration capacity.
6. Understand the basic principle and equipment of absorption refrigeration.
Reference books: He Ping, Sun Gang. Heating engineering (fourth edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press,
Third, the types and proportions of test papers.
The full mark of the test paper is 150, in which:
1, fill-in-the-blank questions and optional fill-in-the-blank questions account for 30 points.
2. Questions and answers account for 90 points.
3. The calculation questions account for 30 points.
Four. Examination form and time
Written test; 3 hours
V. Main reference materials
1, Zhao, Fan Cunyang, Xue, Qian. Air conditioning (fourth edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2009.
2. He Ping, Sun Gang, Wang Fei and Wu Huaxin. Heating engineering (fourth edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2009.
3. Yan Qisen, Shi Wenxing, Tian Changqing. Air conditioning refrigeration technology (4th edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 20 10.
85 1 environmental analysis and monitoring
(A) the overall requirements of the examination
1. Master the basic theories, methods and skills of environmental analysis and monitoring;
2. Generally understand the basic theory of quantitative analysis, the basis of data processing and trace analysis of environmental analysis and monitoring;
3. Familiar with the basic principle of titration analysis, quantitative calculation rules and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring;
4. Be familiar with the basic principles, main determination conditions and methods of instrumental analysis, and basically master the functions of major components of the instrument and their applications in environmental analysis and monitoring;
5. Be familiar with the determination principles, methods and main indicators of water and wastewater pollution monitoring, air and waste gas pollution monitoring and biological pollution monitoring in environmental factor monitoring;
6 generally understand the basic knowledge of pollution monitoring of solid waste, soil, noise and other environmental factors.
(two) the content and proportion of the examination
1. Introduction to Environmental Analysis and Monitoring (15)
Mainly includes the following contents:
Characteristics and tasks of environmental analysis and monitoring;
2) Environmental priority pollutants and priority monitoring;
3) Environmental benchmarks and standards.
2. Basic knowledge of quantitative analysis of environmental analysis and monitoring (15)
Mainly includes the following contents:
1) quantitative analysis error and data processing;
2) Quantitative analysis of calculation rules commonly used in monitoring;
3) The basis of trace analysis.
3 titration analysis method and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring (45 points)
Mainly includes the content.
1) Basic principles of acid-base titration, complexometric titration, precipitation titration and redox titration;
2) Calculation, titration curve, indicator, color change principle, interference and inhibition methods involved in the above four methods;
3) Application of the above four titration methods in environmental analysis and monitoring (determination of main pollution indicators).
4 instrumental analysis method and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring (40 points)
Mainly includes the content.
The basic principle, determination conditions and methods of 1) ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring;
2) The principle, characteristics, quantitative and qualitative analysis methods of atomic spectrum analysis;
3) Potential analysis principle, related basic concepts, ion-selective electrode method and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring;
4) The principle, characteristics, qualitative and quantitative basis of polarographic analysis and its application in environmental analysis and monitoring;
5) The principle of potentiometric titration;
6) The basic theory of chromatographic analysis, the main characteristics of gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography;
7) Automatic monitoring technology and conventional automatic monitoring instruments for water and wastewater pollution and air pollution.
5 environmental factors monitoring (35 points)
Mainly includes the content.
1) Develop a monitoring plan;
2) Principles, methods and equipment for sample collection, preparation and operation;
3) Temporal and spatial relationship between environmental monitoring and pollutants;
4) The meaning, determination principle, process and equipment of main indicators in water and wastewater environmental monitoring;
5) The meaning, measuring principle, process and equipment of main indicators in atmospheric and waste gas environmental monitoring; 6) Significance, objects and methods of biological pollution monitoring (including activated sludge index);
7) Monitoring techniques and methods for other environmental factors such as solid waste, soil and noise pollution.
(3) Types and proportions of test papers
Fill in the blanks, choose and judge question 3/ 15
Short answers and questions 6/ 15
Calculate and deduce 6/ 15
Third, the form and time of the exam.
Written test. Three hours (150 minutes)
Four. explain
Please use a calculator with logarithmic calculation function during the exam.
V. Main reference materials
Theory and Technology of Environmental Analysis and Monitoring (2nd Edition), Sun Baosheng, Shan Jinlin, Shao Qing, Chemical Industry Press, 2007.
852 environmental science
First, the overall requirements of the examination
Investigate students' mastery of basic knowledge, concepts, principles and methods of environmental science, as well as their ability to analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned.
Second, the content and proportion of the examination
1) Contemporary China and World Environmental Issues (10 ~ 20%)
Major environmental problems and events faced by China and the world in the past and now, their causes, hazards, main manifestations and prevention measures.
2) Ecological base (5 ~ 15%)
The basic concepts and principles of ecology, the internal structure of ecosystem and its interdependence, the process of energy flow and material circulation in ecosystem, the definition, characteristics and maintenance mechanism of ecological balance, and the application of ecology in environmental protection.
3) Basic strategic thinking of sustainable development (5 ~ 10%)
The origin and development trend of sustainable development strategy, and the main measures to implement sustainable development strategy.
4) Environmental management (5 ~ 15%)
The basic concepts, theories, functions and contents of environmental management, the development trend and environmental management system of China.
5) Energy, resources and environmental protection (10 ~ 20%)
The basic concept and classification of resources, and the influence of development and utilization of energy and resources (water resources, land, biology, minerals, etc.). ) On the environment, the main features and problems of energy resources in China and the world. Rational development, utilization and protection of energy and resources.
6) Environmental pollution and its prevention (including air, water and solid waste) (30 ~ 40%)
Basic knowledge of atmospheric composition, layered structure, characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric stability, air pollution and its types, hazards and control.
Definition, classification, main characteristics and hazards of solid waste, and main treatment, disposal and comprehensive utilization methods of solid waste.
Water quality, water quality indicators and standards, water pollution, water self-purification mechanism and water environmental capacity, water pollution prevention technology and methods.
Third, the types and proportions of test papers.
Noun explanation 20%
Short answer 20%
Discuss 60%
Four. Examination form and time
All are closed-book written tests, and the examination time is 3 hours.
V. Main reference materials
Introduction to Environmental Protection (Revised Edition), edited by Lin et al., Higher Education Press, 1999.
Introduction to Environmental Research (3rd Edition), edited by He Qiang, Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2004.
906 genetics
First, the overall requirements of the examination
Candidates are required to know classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics and developmental genetics. Master the basic laws and applications of genetics, be familiar with the basic concepts and laws of genetics, and have the ability to comprehensively use the knowledge learned to analyze and solve problems.
Second, the examination content
1, chromosome theory of cell division, chromosome history and inheritance
2. Mendel genetic analysis, Morgan genetic analysis and gene interaction.
3. The concept of gene, recombination detection, complementary detection and deletion mapping.
4. Complementarity test of phage mutation, recombination experiment, mutation type and recombination mapping of bacteria, genome of λ phage, transformation and transduction mapping of bacteria.
5. Genome characteristics, genome complexity, gene packaging, gene arrangement, gene amplification, loss and rearrangement, genetic markers.
6. Types of genetic recombination, molecular mechanism and significance of homologous recombination, molecular mechanism and significance of site-specific recombination, and molecular mechanism and significance of illegal recombination.
7. Initiation and termination of transcription, RNA processing, operon model, self-regulation of DNA recombination and protein synthesis, and antisense RNA.
8. Regulation of gene activation at chromatin level, regulation of transcription level, regulation of post-transcription level and regulation of translation level.
9. Chromosome structural variation, chromosome number change, gene mutation, bioremediation mechanism and mutant detection.
10, concept of quantitative traits, statistical basis of genetic analysis, heritability, inbreeding and heterosis.
1 1, neutral theory of gene pool and gene frequency, genetic drift, speciation, gene formation and molecular evolution.
12, principles of genetic engineering, tool enzymes, vectors, genome cloning and DNA library, transgenic technology, common technologies for genome analysis.
Third, the type and proportion of the exam.
Test questions include conceptual questions, short answer questions and essay questions. Conceptual questions are divided into two categories: noun explanation and multiple-choice questions, accounting for about 20 ~ 25% of the total score; Short answer questions are generally 5-7 questions, accounting for about 60% of the total score, and essay questions are generally 1 question, accounting for about 15 ~ 20% of the total score.
Four. Examination form and time
The examination paper is finished. The examination time is 3 hours, and the full mark is 150.