Zuo Junbi was a general of the Southern Red Scarf Army at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the head of Bianliang Province of Tianwan regime. During the peasant uprising war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, he stayed alone in Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui Province) for a long time and was an influential figure in Jianghuai area. A clear understanding of his deeds will help to further study various systems in the south at the end of Yuan Dynasty, especially the situation of the Jianghuai Uprising Army, and also help to clarify the relationship between the two Red Scarf armies in the north and the south.
Peng Yingyu's disciples
Zuo Junbi, a native of Luzhou, together with He, Zhao Pusheng and Li Pusheng, was the leader of the peasant uprising in Jianghuai at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and a disciple of the founder of South Maitreya.
In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1338), Shun Di and his disciple Zhou fought in Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi) and suffered a heavy defeat. His wife, son and son Wang were all killed by the Yuan Army. He fled to the local area of Huaixi, continued to engage in secret missionary work and organized armed uprising activities. So before the peasant war broke out at the end of Yuan Dynasty, his disciples had spread all over Jianghuai area.
Yingying's early disciples were mostly named after the word "Pu", such as Zhao Pusheng, Li Pusheng and Zou Pusheng. Zuo Junbi entered the teaching late, so he was not named after Pu Zi. Jin: Records of the Founding Heroes of Huang Ming, Volume 32, Biography of Zuo Junbi, contains:
"Zuo Junbi, Luzhou people. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Yu (1352) advocated chaos, and the Junyi Party was in Peng Zu, gathering thousands of people. "
It can be seen that Zuo Junbi followed Peng Yingyu after the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Pusheng and Li Pusheng followed Peng Yingyu very early. Why the relationship between Zuo and Zhao and Li deteriorated may be related to the order in which they entered the church.
After Qihuang Uprising broke out, Peng Yingyu's disciples in Huaixi began to respond. Among them, Li Pusheng ruled by doing nothing, and Zhao Pu respected Hanshan, both of which were called "Peng Zujia". It seems that they are Peng Yingyu's clique; According to Luzhou, Zuo Junbi was also led by Peng. However, the relationship between them was not good from the beginning. Sun Yi's "Dongting Collection" and "A Brief Introduction to the Early Ming Dynasty" contain:
"Chao Lake Shuixiong's double knives Zhao (that is, Zhao Pusheng) and Li Shantou (that is, Li Pusheng) are enemies with Uncle Bi of Luzhou."
I'm afraid it goes back to before and after Junbi started his army. However, before they died, they were all able to unite under the banner of Peng. [ 1]
Separation from Zhao and Li
In the 13th year of Zheng Zhi (1353), in October, Peng Yingyu died in Ruizhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi). December. The Yuan Army occupied Qishui (now Xishui, Hubei Province), the capital of Tianwan regime, and the southern Red Scarf Army was in an extremely unfavorable situation. The rebels to the west of Huaihe River are also leaderless, and there has been a serious division.
In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng (1354), Zhao Pusheng retreated to Huangdun and joined forces with Li Pusheng in Chaohu Lake. Zuo Junbi is independent of Luzhou. The two sides are divided into north and south, and there is no dispute. However, Junbi wanted to seize the opportunity to annex the Chaohu Navy, which caused the soldiers to meet each other and forced the Chaohu Navy to go south, and finally split. His Biography of Famous Mountain Zang and Liao Yongan is very detailed.
"Yuan killed Peng Zu, ... [Liao] Yongjian went to (the end of the day-the leader) [Liao] Yongan and his brother Yongzhong, the county people double-edged Zhao, Yu, Tonghai, Zhao Bozhong, Zhong Diyong, Zhang Desheng, and Wu Shijie. Lu people left Jun Bi, so they are General Peng Zu. They used books to recruit Yong 'an, and Yong 'an and others refused. Leading the troops to attack Yong' an, there are countless Yong' an, so that Han Biaoji (that is, Zhu Yuanzhang-the leader) and Yang bring books and are willing to return by boat. "
"Huang Ming's Founding Heroes Record" Volume II "Liao Yongan Biography" also contains:
"In the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, valerian, Yongjian, He Shi, Yong 'an and others led thousands of warships and took Chaohu Lake as water villages in Tonghai to defend the bandits and patrol yuxikou and Sancha River. Zuo Junbi was embarrassed by the Luzhou insurrection. Before the second spring, I heard that Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang-the leader) was stationed in Hezhou, and ... I was trying to get to the seaside and send someone to Hezhou to pay the money, ready to wait for the cloud to come back. Jun Bi, the nemesis, sneaked on the road and begged. Mao Da Yue. ……"
At that time, Chao Lake Navy was headed by Zhao Pusheng, as well as the An brothers, Yu and his son, Zhang Desheng and so on. They are all subordinates, so "Dongting Collection" and "Da Ming Chu Lulve II" tie this matter to Zhao and Li:
"Chao Lake water male double-edged Zhao (that is, Zhao Pusheng) and Li Shantou (that is, Li Pusheng) are enemies with Luzhou, while Zhao and Li regard Jun Bi as a weak soldier and are forced into the lake by Jun Bi, so there is nothing they can do, so they want to drop with their master, and the messengers are three to three, and they are on (that is, Zhu Yuanzhang-
Later, Zhao and Li Zhi dug, and Li wanted to kill Zhu Yuanzhang. He was informed by his subordinates Liao Yongan and Yu Tonghai, but he was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhao Pusheng fled to the ends of the earth, and still returned to Bird according to Hanshan and Liao Yongan, and the Chaohu Navy was split in two.
Thus, the rebels in Huaixi under the jurisdiction of Peng Yingyu have long been incompatible. After Peng's sacrifice, it was divided into north and south. Because Zuo Jun attacked the Chaohu Navy, they formed an opposition, and the Chaohu Navy also defected to Zhu Yuanzhang, which eventually led to the division of the Navy. The main responsibility for this series of situations lies with Zuo Junbi. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang absorbed a part of the Chaohu Navy, which became the root of the disagreement between Zuo Junbi and Zhu Yuanzhang in the future. [ 1]
At the end of the day, the head of the capital of song dynasty province
Zuo Junbi used to be "party member among Peng Zu", so he is also called "red scarf" in the eyes of contemporary people. Feng Wang: "Wu Xi Ji" contains four volumes, "Mourning the publicity of constitutional history";
"Show, taboo. Zheng Zhixinsi (13 14), after having obtained the provincial examination in Henan, was awarded Zheng Zheng of Luzhou Confucianism. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 (1354) marked the beginning of the constitutional history of Huaixi. Next year, from constitution to yellow. The red scarf is quiet, and the mother, wife and nephew don't know what to do. "
This "red scarf seclusion" refers to Zuo Jun's occupation of Luzhou.
However, what is the relationship between Zuo Junbi and Tianwan regime? What position did he hold in Tianwan regime? But there is no written record. Fortunately, in 1968, a bronze seal was unearthed in yingshan county, Hubei. On the back of the seal, there is "the management of the capital of song dynasty", and on the other side, there are "the system of China's calligraphy and rites" and "July of the second year of Taiping" (see Cultural Relics 1975, No.9). Taiping is the title of Tianwan regime, so "Bianliang Province" is a province under Tianwan regime. This province is located in Luzhou, and the person in charge is Zuo Junbi.
In the Yuan Dynasty, today's Henan, northern Hubei, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu belonged to Henan Province, and ruled on Bianliang Road (now Kaifeng, Henan). After the Red Scarf Uprising broke out, the situation in this area was as follows: Anfeng Road (governing Shouxian County, Anhui Province), Runing House (governing Runan, Henan Province) and the northern ground were the spheres of influence of the Song regime; The ground of Luzhou Road (now Hefei, Anhui Province), Anqing Road (now Anqing, Anhui Province), Huangzhou Road (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) and qi zhou Road (now Qichun South, Hubei Province) were occupied by Tianwan regime in Xu Shouhui. Within the sphere of influence of Tianwan regime, Qi and Huang roads should be directly under the jurisdiction of Tianwan Zhongshu Province (namely Luen Thai Province); Anqing Road was occupied by Zhao Pusheng, the leader of Chaohu Navy. It is estimated that the Tianwan regime in this area will set up a province (the name is unknown at present) headed by Zhao Pusheng, but this province is unlikely to be called the capital of the Song Dynasty province. Because it is far from the capital of song dynasty; Luzhou Road was occupied by Zuo Junbi, and it was only here that it was possible to set up the capital of the Song Dynasty. This is because: first of all, from the perspective of affiliation, Zuo Junbi was "affiliated with Peng Zu" from the beginning, and was appointed by Tianwan regime to participate in politics in the south of the Yangtze River (see: full copy and self-ambition), so it is natural to join Tianwan; Secondly, from the geographical point of view, Luzhou is located in the northernmost part of Tianwan rule, bordering the Song regime and closest to Bianliang Road. Thirdly, judging from the location of the "Song Provincial Government Seal", Yingshan County in Yuan Dynasty belongs to Luzhou Road, which coincides with the Song provincial government in Luzhou.
As for why this province is called Songdu Province, it may be related to the goal of Tianwan regime. "Heaven takes the hindmost" means overwhelming "Dayuan". After overwhelming Dayuan, the peasant army wanted to "restore the Song Dynasty". Although the Northern Red Scarf Army established the regime of the Song Dynasty with the call of "Restoration of the Song Dynasty", the Southern Red Scarf Army may have called for "Restoration of the Song Dynasty", because people once recorded that "Xu Shouhui built a false name and called it the Song Dynasty" (the third volume of Song Anthology was preceded by Hanyuan and Epitaph of the Commander-in-Chief). Bianliang was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and both the North and South Red Scarf Army wanted to take it away as a more powerful symbol of calling on the masses. However, the left army wall did not occupy most or all of Henan Province, nor did it occupy Bianliang Road. In this way, in order to achieve the purpose of calling on the masses, Luzhou, which belongs to Henan Province, and its surrounding areas were named Bianliang Province.
It is estimated that the capital of the provinces in the Song Dynasty was established in the first year of Taiping (1356) after the military victory of General Ni Wenjun. At that time, Ni Wenjun rebuilt Tianwan regime in Hanyang, and at the same time set up a number of local administrative agencies. This bronze seal was awarded to the Capital Provincial Management Office by Zhongshu Province in the second year of Taiping (1357), which shows that various institutions under the Capital Province are relatively complete. [ 1]
Surrender to the yuan dynasty
Luzhou, occupied by Zuo Junbi, has Liu Futong in the north, Zhu Yuanzhang in the east and Zhao Pusheng in the south. Left has a bad relationship with them. It seems that Zuo has been waiting for an opportunity to retaliate against the Red Scarf Army in the north, although he has been in Luzhou for a long time. Perhaps, when Zhang Shicheng forces who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty entered Huaixi, Zuo had already formed an alliance with Jason.
In February of the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), Zhang Shicheng sent Lv Zhen to attack Han Liner, Liu Futong Yu Anfeng, and Zuo Junbi helped Jane to attack it. The city fell and Fortis was killed. In March, Zhu Yuanzhang personally led Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to attack Anfeng, defeated Jane and rescued Han Liner. Zuo Junbi sent troops to help Jane again, and was defeated by Chang Yuchun and Luzhou. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun surround Luzhou in March every year, without breaking. Due to the emergency of war in Hongdu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), Xu Da was ordered to return to Hongdu, and Luzhou was cleared.
In April of the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), Xu Da and others led troops to attack Luzhou again. "Never put off till tomorrow what you can tell Wen Da, fear of defeat, fled to an feng, make it keep Zhang Huan, Yin Congdao and other cities. When you arrive, the supervisor will surround you. ..... In July, Xu Da and Chang Yuchun Kelou State. Luzhou has been besieged for a long time, and everyone is hungry and sleepy, so they can't fight. Zhang Huan and Jia Chou Mifuda, please attack the East Gate, which should be included. So our division rushed to attack it, and all the troops in the city learned to save the East Gate, but Zhang Huan broke the fishing bridge and opened the West Gate to escape. Soldiers entered the city, supported Wu, the deputy envoy of the headquarters, and the monarch sent his mother, wife and children to Jiankang "(Volume 14 of Record).
Zuo Junbi surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty when he fled from Luzhou to Anfeng. Because Anfeng was occupied by Yuan generals Zhu Chang and Xindu at that time. A year ago, Lv Zhen captured Anfeng, Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to attack it, Lv Zhen and Zuo Junbi failed, and Zhu Jun moved to Luzhou. "Therefore, Yuan Bi took Zhu Chang and Xin Jin to Anfeng" (Volume 12 of A Record of Ming Taizu). So in February of the first year of Wu (1367), when Zhu Yuanzhang wrote to Zuo Junbi, he wrote this history:
"It is not the loss of a person that makes the fate of a soldier worse. I gave my teacher a summer vacation, and I took the first step. My first step was to leave my relatives and go to a foreign country, so everyone believed what the group said, so I regretted it. Today, under the orders of foreign countries, I will conquer the frontier and border it. If I want to provide my commander with a plan to invade the territory, this weight can be measured. The country you gave is your parents' country, and Hefei is the hometown of mulberry trees. Why not think about it? The world is full of soldiers and heroes. We should not only use time to gain fame, but also save our parents and wives from troubled times. The first step is to be a quality, but be content with others. Since it was a mistake, I'll let my mother, a scum wife, live alone and be widowed. Miss each other, take the day as the age. I don't care about my wife. Why can I bear to forget my old relatives? Fame and fortune can be sought again, but not your own flesh and blood! The first step is to pay attention, so I came suddenly. When I gave up my previous mistakes, I still stayed in my old one, and then the first step was justice. " ("A Record of Ming Taizu" Volume 17).
This letter from Zhu Yuanzhang is very effective. Among them, the so-called "foreign" refers to the Yuan Dynasty; "Running away from relatives" means that in the 24th year of Zheng Zheng, Zuo Junbi abandoned his mother, wife and children, fled to Anfeng and surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. "On the orders of foreign countries, guarding the frontier" refers to the matter that Li, commander-in-chief of the capital of the Song Dynasty, ordered Zuo Jun to guard (now Huaiyang, Henan) after the fall of Yuan. These words are well-founded and restrained, and they really hit Zuo Junbi's heart. [ 1]
Joined the Ming dynasty
After Zhu Yuanzhang sent a letter to Zuo Junbi, he generously sent his mother to Chen Zhou. This move really worked. In the first year of Hongwu (1368 February), Xu Da led the northern expedition, and after pacifying Shandong, he finally forced to land in the west, pointing to Bian, Luo and Zuo Junbi. "A Record of Ming Taizu" Volume 27:
"In February of the first year of Hongwu, General Xu Da arrived in Chen Qiao and was greeted by Zuo Junbi and Zhu Chang. First, when Li, the governor of the capital of song dynasty, arrived in Wenda, he called and said,' you fought several wars with the southern dynasties and are familiar with their positions. Now, here are your tools. You fight in the front and I'll grab them from the back. "What?" Jun Bi's sense of compensation belongs to his mother, and he has the intention to surrender. Because he said,' The southern armies were unstoppable, and I saw that they were too timid to fight, so I defected here. What's more, Xu is good at fighting and willing to obey. "Yi Ke had nothing to do, so he had to drive the soldiers and civilians into Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) overnight. So Junbi and Zhu Chang led the troops to surrender. "
After Zuo Junbi went down to the Ming Dynasty, he was ordered to take charge of the affairs of Guangxi Wei. He once led the army to suppress the uprising of Yingjie Huang and Huang Yinglan of Sizhou nationality in Zuojiang, Guangxi, and then stayed in Guangxi for a long time.