193 1 * * Joined China. The National SouthWest Associated University dropped out of school. He used to be an associate professor of Yunnan University, director of the Office of the Frontier Ethnic Work Committee of Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and director of the Frontier Division. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he was appointed as a professor of Yunnan University, editor-in-chief of Ideological Front, professor, dean and honorary president of Yunnan Institute for Nationalities, and the first president of Southwest Ethnic Studies Association. Specializing in ethnic history and ethnology, especially Yunnan ethnic history. Editor-in-chief "A Brief History of Yunnan Ancient Nationalities"; Yunnan Bai history, etc. He is a famous historian and ethnologist in China.