Brief introduction of Tang Yongtong
Tang Yongtong (1893.6.21-1964.5.2) is a philosopher, Buddhist, educator and master of Chinese studies. His ancestral home is Huangmei County, Hubei Province, and he is from Weiyuan County, Gansu Province. 19 17. After graduating from Tsinghua University, he went to study in the United States, entered hamlin University and Harvard University, and obtained a master's degree in philosophy. After returning to China, he has been a professor at National Southeast University (1928 changed to Central University, 1949 changed to Nanjing University), Nankai University, Peking University and National Southwest Associated University. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Vice President Peking University, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, member of the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the third Standing Committee, and representative of the first, second and third National People's Congress. Tang Yongtong (1) is one of the few masters of Chinese studies in China's modern academic history who can connect China and the West, China and Vatican, and integrate ancient and modern times. He, Chen Yinque and Wu Mi are also called "the Three Masters of Harvard". He is the author of History of Buddhism in Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, A Brief History of Indian Philosophy, Wei, Jin and Metaphysics, etc.
Brief introduction of Tang Yongtong's life.
Juvenile court training
1893, born on August 4th (June 23rd of the lunar calendar) in Weiyuan, Gansu. He went to school with his father, was enlightened by the school where his father taught, and received strict traditional education. His father, Tang Lin, was an old man named Yiyuan in his later years. In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), he was a scholar.
Before the Revolution of 1911, Tang Yongtong left his father's church and went to Shuntianfu School (the predecessor of Hebei Normal University) to study. He began to receive new education and read Indian philosophy and Buddhist classics with Liang Shuming.
Tsinghua school
19 12 was admitted to Tsinghua University and became like-minded friends with classmates Wu Mi and Liu Yizhi. He "urged and learned from each other" and graduated from 19 16, earning official fees and staying in the United States. Later, due to trachoma, he didn't make it, so he stayed in Tsinghua to teach Chinese and served as the editor-in-chief of Tsinghua Weekly.
The other side of the ocean
19 18, together with Wu Mi, took boxer indemnity to study in the United States. First, I studied philosophy at hamlin University in Minnesota. My main elective courses are philosophy, general psychology and genetic psychology.
19 19 entered the graduate school of Harvard University, studied Sanskrit, Pali and Buddhism with Chen Yinque, and still studied western philosophy. After Wu Mi and Mei Guangdi introduced Professor Babbitt. Bai was a famous new humanist in America at that time. He believes that Chinese and western cultural traditions are "both internal and external" in humanities, especially Confucius. He hoped that scholars in China could learn the essence of Chinese and Western cultures, so as to save the nation and avoid repeating the mistakes of the West. Many of Tang Yongtong's later cultural views and academic attitudes are consistent with Bai. During his stay at Harvard, he, Wu Mi and Chen Yinque were also called "the Three Masters of Harvard".
New knowledge of returning to China after learning.
1922, returned to China with a master's degree in philosophy from Harvard University, and first served as a professor in the Philosophy Department of National Southeast University. Shortly after the establishment of Nankai University, Zhang Boling, president, and Ling Bing, director of undergraduate department, recruited talents everywhere at home and abroad, paying special attention to those who have just returned to China with academic achievements.
1926, Tang Yongtong was hired as a professor at Nankai University and head of the Department of Liberal Arts and Philosophy.
According to the experience of famous universities at home and abroad, Nankai University attaches great importance to the scientific research of teachers and students. The school has set up a special committee, headed by the principal and the directors of various subjects, and often invites famous scholars outside the school to give public lectures. In philosophy and social sciences, such as Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Ma Yinchu, Liang Qichao, Fan Wenlan, Tao Xingzhi and He Lin have all been to Nankai successively. Because of his academic attainments and achievements, Nankai University Weekly, an academic publication of Nankai students, invited him, Fan Wenlan, Jiang Tingfu, Huang Yusheng and others as consultants in the late 1920s.
1927 in may, Tang Yongtong left Nankai university and went to Nanjing, where he served as professor and head of the philosophy department of central university. Before leaving school, Nankai teachers and students held a farewell party for him.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/930, he taught in the philosophy department of Peking University. Besides teaching the history of Buddhism in China, the history of Indian philosophy and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, he mainly devoted himself to the revision and supplement of China's lecture notes on Buddhist history.
From 1933, it took nearly four years to finally determine the Buddhist history of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
1937 Lugouqiao Incident, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out and Peking University moved south. In June 5438+10 in the same year, Tang Yongtong, Qian Mu and He Lin went south to Hong Kong via Tianjin. Then turn north to Guangzhou and Changsha. Finally arrived at the College of Literature of Nanyue Bible College. Yu Nanyue finally finalized the History of Buddhism in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties in Fu Zi.
1938 New Year's Day was published by Changsha Commercial Press. In the same year, the school decided to transfer to Kunming. Since then, Tang Yongtong has been living a hard life for eight years in The National SouthWest Associated University. Tang Yongtong was first the head of the Philosophy Department of the General Assembly, and then the dean of the College of Liberal Arts. During the Anti-Japanese War, I was with teachers and students from Nankai University and made indelible contributions to the construction of the philosophy department of Nankai University.
During the period of 1947, Tang Yongtong took a vacation and went to Berkeley University in California to give a lecture on the history of China Buddhism for one year. The following year, he declined the invitation to give lectures at Columbia University and decided to return to China.
1949 1 Peking liberation, Tang Yongtong was the chairman of the school affairs committee of Peking University (there was no headmaster at that time). This year, Zhou Enlai came to Peking University People's Hall to have a discussion with him and professors from Peking University.
195 1 year later, Tang Yongtong became the vice president of Peking University.
1953, China Academy of Sciences was established and served as a member of the Historical Archaeological Committee.
1954, suffering from cerebral hemorrhage and staying in bed for a long time. However, as far as I can, I still instill it in my future study and work hard in my study.
1956 established the department of philosophy and social sciences, and served as a member of the department, as well as the editorial board of the magazines of philosophical research and historical research. At the same time, he served as the first member of China People's Political Consultative Conference, the third member of the Standing Committee, and the first, second and third NPC deputies.
In 196 1, I wrote an article "What is a proverb?" It is said that "monk talk" and "proverb" are different in the audience. The layman is not allowed to listen to "monk talk", and the monk is not allowed to listen to "proverb". "Offenders should be held accountable by officials".
1962 the article "There are no ten Buddhism cases in China" says that the theory of "ten Buddhism cases" confuses the names of a certain school and a certain sect. Because of careful textual research, it corrected the fallacy held by scholars at home and abroad for a long time, and it was all the rage for a time.
On the evening of May 6th, Tang Yongtong went to Tiananmen Gate to watch the fireworks, and Premier Zhou Enlai introduced President Mao Zedong. "Mao asked about Gong's physical condition and asked Gong to write a short article, and said that he had read all the articles written by Gong."
1 May, 9641day, Tang Yongtong died and was buried in a tomb area of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
Tang Yongtong's Character Evaluation
China Academy of Social Sciences Network: We often praise the erudition of some famous scholars by "learning from China and the West", but for Mr. Yong Tong, "learning from China and the West" is narrow and not enough. Because Mr. Wang is a very rare master who has studied Chinese and Western Indian culture and philosophy in China, he has unique attainments and great contributions, and has made great achievements in these three cultural fields. Mr. Wang does not study the philosophy and culture of China, the West and India in isolation, but pays attention to their relationship. He extensively searched for facts, systematically studied the history of cultural exchange and integration between China and India, and summarized the law of its historical development; Based on historical experience and laws, he made a far-sighted and timely investigation on the situation and trend of cultural conflict and reconciliation between China and the West, and put forward many insightful opinions that are still shining and attracting us to carry forward. Mr. Wang's achievements and views in this field are of milestone significance in the development history of China's academic thought.
Tang Yongtong's cultural system engineering construction, from "rejuvenating the country, saving the country with science" to "complementing China and the West, gaining and losing because of reform", catalyzed and guided his academic thoughts and opened the academic golden age. It shows that Tang Yongtong, a generation of academic masters, stood tall in the academic circles of China in the 20th century with his rigorous academic spirit, broad academic mind and academic achievements in pioneering academic atmosphere.
Ji Xianlin's Essay on the Centennial Birthday of Mr. Tang Yongtong: Mr. Taiyan, several masters of Chinese studies, such as Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen, Chen Yuan and Hu Shi. It can not only blend the present and the present, but also understand the east and the west. In my opinion, Mr. Tang Yongtong (Western Region) belongs to this master of Chinese studies. This is actually the public opinion of scholars at home and abroad, not my personal opinion.
Qian Mu: (1) So a person who loves children, has a harmonious family, eats and drinks moderately, and advances and retreats moderately. This is a typical example of a stupid Confucian. (2) It's very kind. It's not easy to understand him by reading his books, and it's hard to know his knowledge by contacting him. He is sincere to Liu Xiahui and others.
Hu Shi: Yu (Tang Yongtong)' s books are extremely detailed, and he pays attention to evidence everywhere. Although there is no evidence, he dare not use it.