★ The national forest coverage rate is 16.5%, which is said to be only 8%. 67% in Finland, 66% in Japan, 64% in South Korea, 60% in Norway, 54% in Sweden, 44% in Canada, 30% in Germany, 33% in the United States, 20% in France and 23% in India. The world average is 22%.

★ 1958 years ago, the forest coverage rate in Sichuan province was 33%, and it dropped to 13. 1% in 1980. 193 counties in the whole province, the coverage rate of 9 1 county is below 10%, 67 counties are 10-20%, 23 counties are 20-30%, and 12 counties are 30%.

★ 1949 China's 667,000 square kilometers of desert and desertified land. 65438+ 1689000 square kilometers in the early 1990s. In 2003, the desertified land in China was 2.622 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.3% of the total land area.

★ Due to deforestation, the area of soil erosion in the 1960s was 1 165438 square kilometers. 1992 soil erosion area1794,000 square kilometers, accounting for 18.7% of the national area. In 2009, the area of soil erosion in the western region reached 2,825,900 square kilometers. By the end of last century, serious soil erosion was 3.67 million square kilometers, accounting for 38.2% of the total land area.

★ The national area is 9.6 million square kilometers. After subtracting about 3 million square kilometers of alpine desert land and 3.67 million square kilometers of soil erosion land, only about 3 million square kilometers of land remains; The population increased from 400 million in 1949 to1300 million, an increase of more than three times. Over the past 60 years, the living space of the Chinese nation has shrunk to one fifth, no way back. If we retreat, we will retreat to the Pacific Ocean.

★ 1950 national cultivated land1600 million mu, with 2.7 mu per capita. 19.96 million mu, compared with 200718.26 million mu, with an average annual decrease of10.00 million mu and per capita10.38 million mu, which is 40% of the world average. In 2006, it was put forward that "65.438+0.8 billion mu of cultivated land is an insurmountable red line", and in 2009, the national sown area was 65.438+0.635 billion mu.

It is conservatively estimated that about 10% of cultivated land in China is polluted by heavy metals, among which cadmium and arsenic account for 40% of the polluted cultivated land respectively.

★ A quarter of the rice in the mainland market contains heavy metal pollution such as lead poisoning and cadmium poisoning, which leads to headache, dizziness, insomnia, forgetfulness, insanity, joint pain, stones and cancer. (According to Mainland New Century Weekly, issue 437).

★ In 2005, the national wastewater discharge was 52.4 billion tons, an increase of 26% over 2000; In 2008, the wastewater discharge was 75.8 billion tons.

Water and others

★ In 2004, the wastewater discharge of the Yellow River Basin was 3.95 billion tons, and the water quality of the tributaries in the middle and lower reaches was worse than Grade 5 all the year round, and 65.438+0.6 billion people suffered.

★ Wastewater discharge in the Yangtze River Basin: 654.38+9.5 billion tons at the end of 1970s,1989+05 billion tons at the beginning of 20th century, and 27 billion tons.

★ In the Changjiang Estuary 1985, benthos 126 species were observed, and 1998 decreased to 56 species, and in 2002 decreased to 52 species. Experts warn that the ecology of the Yangtze River system is on the verge of collapse within ten years.

★ In 2006, the water quality of the seven major water systems in China accounted for 26%, and the overall water quality of the nine major lakes monitored by the state was seven categories. Caohai Lake in Dianchi Lake is inferior to five types of water quality, Chaohu Lake is inferior to five types of water quality, and the water quality outside Dianchi Lake is inferior to five types. The proportion of five types and five types of water quality in Taihu Lake reached 60%. Half of the water resources in the river are completely useless. It will take hundreds of years for the national water quality to return to clean and reach normal standards.

★ In 2008, of the 409 sections of 200 rivers in China, 1-3, 4-5 and sections worse than 5 accounted for 55%, 24.2% and 20.8% respectively. Among the 26 lakes (reservoirs), 46.2% are eutrophic.

★ In 2009, the average water quality of Chaohu Lake in Anhui section of the Yangtze River was 5 categories; Weinan city, a tributary of the Weihe River of the Yellow River, and Zhoukou city, a tributary of the Heying River of the Huaihe River, are all inferior to five categories; The water quality of 67 sections of the main stream and tributaries of Haihe River and Huaihe River basins is all worse than category 5.

★ More than 50% of the water quality of Huaihe River is in the inferior category 5.

★ 40% of the monitoring section of Yanhe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, is inferior to Class 5 water quality.

★ 57% of tributaries in the Three Gorges reservoir area of the Yellow River belong to Class 4 water quality.

★ Weihe River is a tributary of the Yellow River, which receives more than 600 million tons of wastewater and 270,000 tons of chemical oxygen demand every year, which is four times its environmental capacity.

★ The monitoring section of Fenhe River in Shanxi is 66% worse than Grade 5 water quality, and the water below Taiyuan has completely lost its ecological function. The annual amount of water flowing into the Yellow River from Fenhe River exceeds 300 million tons, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand is 7.3 times higher than the national third-class water quality standard, and the ammonia nitrogen is 20 times higher than the standard.

★ Of the 532 rivers in China, 82% are polluted to varying degrees. About 700 million people in China drink water with excessive E.coli, and about 654.38+700 million people drink water polluted by organic matter.

★2065 438+00 The 60-year-old and 90-year-old people in Nongtai Village, Mu Lan Township, Donglan, Guangxi, commute to the mountain road of 12-24 km every day to get water for drinking.

★ In 2005, a survey was conducted in 74 rural areas of China. The results showed that 96% of the villages had no drainage ditch and sewage treatment system, and 89% of the villages piled up garbage in front of and behind houses, beside pits and even in water sources, spillways and ponds inside and outside villages. No one is responsible for garbage collection and disposal.

★ About1.200 million tons of domestic garbage are generated in rural areas of China every year, and almost all of them are piled up in the open air; Almost all rural domestic sewage with an annual output of more than 25 million tons is discharged directly, which seriously deteriorates the environmental quality around rural residential areas.

★ The annual direct economic loss caused by ecological environment destruction in the western region reaches 654.38+05 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+03% of the local GDP in the same period.

★ 1990 to 2009, the losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological degradation accounted for 7% ~ 20% of GDP.

★ In 2004, the economic loss caused by environmental pollution in China was 511800 million yuan, and that in virtual treatment cost was 287.4 billion yuan.

★ In 2005, the number of conflicts caused by environmental pollution reached 5 1 000.

★ The grassland degradation area in China has reached 654.38+0 billion mu, and it is still expanding at a rate of more than 20 million mu per year.

★ The grassland area in China accounts for 4 1% of the land area, of which 90% has been degraded. Degraded and desertified grassland has become the main source of dust in China.

★ The grassland productivity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau dropped from 300 kg/mu in 1960s to below 100 kg/mu in the new century; The number of underground rats increased from 8- 10 to 30/ha; The land exposure rate increased from less than 10% to more than 30%.

★ The national wetland area ranks first in Asia and fourth in the world, of which 60% is shrinking, disappearing and seriously degraded.

The wetlands in Hebei Province have disappeared by 90% in the past 50 years.

★ In more than 30 counties in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, tens of thousands of "waterlogging pools" have disappeared for decades.

★ The water volume of Alashan League Oasis in Inner Mongolia has been reduced from 900 million cubic meters to less than 200 million cubic meters, Juyan Sea has dried up and hundreds of lakes have disappeared.

★ The national mangrove area has been reduced from the largest 250,000 hectares in history to less than 1.5 million hectares at present.

★ A large number of artificial pure forests have been developed for decades. Poplar has gone south to the south of the Yangtze River and approached Nanling. Poplar is dominant in the whole northwest, North China Plain and even parts of the south of the Yangtze River. Artificial pure forest with high density and single tree species is harmful to national ecology.

★ China's fragile ecological environment accounts for more than 60% of the total land area.

★ The country loses1000000 tons of fertile soil every year, which is equivalent to100000 mu of cultivated land with 30 cm of cultivated land. 1-400 years naturally formed 1cm cultivated soil, 3000- 1, cultivated soil formed in 2000.

★ The annual sediment inflow in the Yellow River Basin is 65.438+0.6 billion tons. The annual soil erosion in the Yangtze River basin is 2.4 billion tons. With the soil loss, there are various nutrients. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sediment lost in the Yellow River basin alone is about 40 million tons, which exceeds the national demand for chemical fertilizers of 39.9 million tons in 2003.

★ According to the report of China Academy of Engineering and Ministry of Environmental Protection, the water quality of drinking water sources in nearly 50% cities and towns in China is not up to standard, and the content of harmful substances in drinking water of 65.438+0.9 billion people exceeds the standard. There are more than 50 cities with serious land subsidence disasters in China. 25% of groundwater in China has been polluted, 54% of groundwater in plain areas does not meet the drinking water quality standards, and more than 90% of shallow groundwater in cities has been polluted to varying degrees. At present, it has shown an expanding trend from point to surface. Groundwater in large and medium-sized cities in China 1 18 has been generally polluted, of which 64% is seriously polluted.

★ Groundwater is the only or important water source in cities all over the country, and almost all urban water sources are greatly over-exploited; The settlement rate or amplitude caused by over-exploitation of water resources is ten times to hundreds times higher than that caused by natural background.

★ Of the 669 cities in China, 400 are short of water, and 1 10 is seriously short of water. Of the 32 big cities with a population of more than one million, 30 have long been plagued by water shortage; 14 9 coastal open cities are seriously short of water; Nearly 200 coastal cities have over-exploited groundwater, resulting in the invasion of seawater and sewage.

★ The degree of groundwater exploitation in Beijing exceeds 100%. All the shallow groundwater in the city is polluted, and most of it can not be used as the direct water supply source of drinking water. The pollution degree of shallow groundwater in Tongzhou district is as high as grade 5. As a result, the groundwater level in Beijing has dropped seriously, and large-scale land subsidence has occurred, with the maximum subsidence reaching 722 mm.

★ The national water resources are 2.8 trillion cubic meters, and the per capita water resources are 2.2 thousand cubic meters, which is 25% of the world's per capita water resources.

★ The per capita water resources in Beijing are less than 300m3, which is 1/8 in China and 1/30 in the world.

★ The average annual water resource of Suzhou people is 3 15 cubic meters. Jiangsu Province ranks 20th in terms of per capita water resources in China.

★ The groundwater level in North China drops annually on average 12cm.

★ China drinking water quality standard is the quality standard that German sewage can be discharged into rivers and seas after treatment.

★ The tap water supplied by Beijing Waterworks to the public is far from meeting the water quality standards of Olympic swimming pools.

★ There are 189 endangered species and 4,000-5,000 endangered higher plants in China, accounting for 15-20% of the total number of higher plants in China. Functional extinction of Yangtze baiji dolphin.

★ Bohai Sea, the only inland sea in China, receives 2.8 billion tons of polluted water a year. All the water pollution exceeds the standard, and the heavy metal content of submarine mud exceeds the standard by 2,000 times. Natural circulation is normal for 200 years, provided that sewage can no longer be poured.

Since ★ 1949, the number of lakes in China has decreased by more than 1000, and the area has decreased by about 18600 square kilometers, accounting for 26.3% of the existing area. The water storage capacity of the lake decreased by 51300 million cubic meters, of which the fresh water volume decreased by 34 billion cubic meters.

★ In recent 50 years, there have been 15 lakes disappearing every year in Hubei Province. There are over 100 mu of lakes in Hubei 1332, including 322 lakes over 5000 mu. In 2009, there were only 574 lakes over 100 mu in Hubei. The water quality of most lakes belongs to three categories, four categories and five categories.

★ The new stiff Lop Nur Lake used to be 1 1,000 square kilometers; 65438+5350 square kilometers in 0959; 1962 is zero and completely dry.

★ Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake with the best water quality, covers an area of 5340 square kilometers, 1949. At the end of 2007, the lake area was less than 50 square kilometers. At the beginning of 2007, 60% of the three types of water and 40% of the four types of water were used. By the end of that year, the water quality of the lakes injected into the Yangtze River had dropped to five categories of heavily polluted water.

★ Dongting Lake 1947 covers an area of nearly 4,000 square kilometers, and in June 2007 it was only 3 10 square kilometers. In 2006, the overall water quality was divided into five categories.

★ Among the 20 most polluted cities in the world, China accounts for 16. In China, 57% of the cities exceeded the national limit, 48 cities exceeded the national secondary emission standard, and 82% of the cities experienced acid rain.

★/kloc-there were five sandstorms in China in the 1950s, eight in the 1960s and 23 in the 1980s.

★ Only 65 of the more than 680 coking enterprises in Shanxi Province have gone through the environmental protection examination and approval procedures, and only 30 of them have reached the discharge standard, accounting for 5%.

★ The total cost of air and water pollution in China is between 3.5% and 8% of China's GDP, with an average index of 5.75%.

★ The annual output of waste residue in China exceeds 500 million tons. 1988 The national stock was 6.6 billion tons, and the per capita waste residue was 6 tons.

★ The national solid waste accumulation is nearly 8 billion tons, occupying and destroying more than 2 million mu of land.

★ In 2008, the national urban kitchen waste exceeded 60 million tons, an increase of 100% compared with ten years ago.

★ Two thirds of 380 cities are surrounded by garbage.

★ In 2006, the national edible oil sales volume was 1, 465,438+ten thousand tons, and the oil returned to the table was 1, 000- 1.5 million tons.

★ 20% of urban garbage in China has been treated by environmental protection, and the rest pollutants directly enter rivers, lakes and seas, completely destroying the water environment.

★ The annual consumption of chemical fertilizer in China is close to 40 tons/km2, and the standard is 22.5 tons/km2, which seriously pollutes groundwater and soil.

★ The dosage of pesticides per unit cultivated area in China is more than 1 times higher than that in developed countries. Only less than 1/3 is absorbed and utilized by crops, and most of the rest enters water, soil and agricultural products, which directly threatens human health.

★ There are nearly 100 coal, phosphorus, copper and aluminum mines in China, with an area of 82% and a recovery rate of 20%. The coal seam is 6-7 meters, and only 2-3 meters have been mined.

★ Since 1949, about 87,000 reservoirs have been built in China, one third of which are unsafe and in danger of dam failure at any time.

★ There will be more than 0/0 dams in Minjiang River, 24 dams in Dadu River, 2 dams in middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River, 2 dams in Yalong River, 2 dams in Wujiang River, 0/2 dams in Jialing River and 0/7 dams in Kloc River, with a total installed capacity of/Kloc. Developed countries have stopped building dams and reservoirs that destroy the ecology.

★ There are nearly 2,000 nuclear radioactive sources lost or out of control in China, which has potential safety hazards. ?